Diesel Engine Specifications and Components Overview
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This document provides specifications for a 2.2L DOHC diesel engine. It includes details on the engine components like the cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft and camshaft. It also describes the engine systems including the timing chain, fuel delivery common rail system, turbocharger and variable geometry components, cooling system and lubrication system.
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Diesel Engine Specifications and Components Overview
- 2. Mesin Secara Umum Z 22 xx xxxxxx K 1 2 3 4 5 Z 22 xx xxxxxx K 1 2 3 4 5
- 3. Spesifikasi Mesin 2.2L DOHC-Diesel 4 Cylinder(In-Line) 16.3 : 1 725 Roller Finger Follower Hydraulic Lash Adjustment Chain Drive Compression ignition system 1-3-4-2 Ignition Bore x Stroke (mm) Displacement (cc) Turbo Charger Valve Lash Adjustment Type Ignition sequence Max Combustion Peak Pressure Idle RPM APPLICATION Engine General Engine type Timing Drive Max Power (hp/RPM) Max Torque (Nm/RPM) Compression Ratio Cam Follower
- 4. Engine specifications 2.2L DOHC-Diesel Electric motor in fuel tank Depth Media 165 ~215(at 4.5 bar) 4.15 ~5.35 Common rail 3 cylinder radial plunger 695 ㎣ / rev Max 1400 bar Max 1400 bar Cartridge 50 L Low pressure pump Pump type High pressure pump Pump type Fuel pressure (bar) Injector pressure (bar) APPLICATION Filter type Displacement (㎣) Fuel Delivery Filter type Displacement (ℓ /H) Fuel pressure (bar) Filter Type Fuel Tank Capacity
- 6. Cylinder head Front side (Timing Chain side) Rear Side (Transmisson side) Exhaust side Intake side DOHC 4 valves per cylinder roller type ： finger followers Drive vacuum pump Drive high pressure fuel pump made of aluminum
- 7. Cylinder block made of grey iron with sand casting process ties up with lower crankcase (Bedplate)
- 8. Piston & Road assembly cast aluminum a bowl type combustion chamber Skirt of piston is coated with polymer full-floating type piston Fractured connecting rod
- 9. Crankshaft made of high strength forged steel 5 main bearings thrust bearing placed in the 3rd crank bore At the 6th of crankshaft arm, a crankshaft gear is hot press fitted to drive a balance shaft target wheel is assembled at the 8th of crankshaft arm,
- 10. Oil Pump & Balance shaft module
- 11. Valve train system a b c ed f g h i j k l DOHC hydraulic lash adjuster Intake cam shaft has a chain sprocket with integrated spur gear is driven by chain exhaust cam shaft driven by scissors gear Intake cam drives High pressure fuel pump Exhaust cam drives mechanical vacuum pump
- 13. Engine oil distribution ITEMS 2.2L Diesel Oil Type and Grade Dexos2 5W30 Oil Filter Cartridge Oil Capacity (w/filter) 5.6 L Oil Change interval 1 year or oil change lamp-on
- 14. Engine oil seal (crankshaft rear oil seal) ISO View (PTFE Reverse laydown lip type) Assembly View Cyl. Block Crankshaft [Section view (After
- 16. Oil pan (two piece)
- 17. Engine oil pressure switch
- 18. Engine oil level switch
- 20. Timing chain adjustment (Removal)
- 21. Timing chain adjustment (Removal)
- 22. Timing chain adjustment(Installation) 1.Install the crankshaft sprocket (1) with the timing chain mark at the 4 o’clock position. Note: Ensure the crankshaft key (2) is aligned with the crankshaft timing mark (3). Note: Ensure the camshaft dowel (4) is at the 12 o’clock position and the camshaft sprocket timing marks are at the 12 an 3 o’clock positions as shown.
- 23. Timing chain adjustment (Installation)
- 24. Timing chain adjustment (Installation) EN-955-1
- 25. Crankshaft pulley with drive belt [Crank pulley] [Section View] Damper rubber Isolation rubber
- 26. Vacuum pump VGT, Swirl, EGR Brake
- 27. PCV valve 2 1 3 : Blow by gas : Fresh air + Blow by 4 1. PCV hose 2. PCV valve assembly(W/OIL SEP) 3. Turbo charger 4. Intake manifold
- 28. PCV valve PCV valvePCV valve
- 30. General description of Turbocharger Piston Inter-cooler Intake valve Exhaust valveTurbo charger Intake air Turbine Compressor Inter-cooler Throttle body Exhaust gas Intake air
- 31. Description of Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT)
- 32. Boost pressure actuator Engine status Actuator Operation status Remarks Low speed (Low load) Pull ** Increase MAX. torque. High speed (High load) Release **Increase MAX. power.
- 33. Intake manifold pressure & Temperature sensor (TMAP sensor) TMAP sensor
- 34. Description of Diesel common rail system
- 35. High pressure pump Fuel inlet Fuel outlet to rail Fuel return to fuel tank Fuel return from injectors Inlet metering valve Oldham Coupling Cylinder Cylinder
- 36. High pressure pump basic functioning 02.3-11 Showing 3 radial plungers, 2 plungers similar
- 37. High pressure pump Part Item Specification Remarks High pressure pump Type 2 cylinder plunger Pump output capacity 970 mm3 /rev Output pressure 230 bar Idle 1800 bar Max. Power Inlet Metering Valve Type Solenoid PWM control Resistance 4.77 5.83 Ω∼ Operating frequency 300 2000 Hz∼
- 39. Common rail Fuel outlet to injector Rail pressure sensor Fuel inlet from pump
- 40. Common rail Part Item Specification Remarks Common rail Rail pressure Max. 1800bar Rail pressure sensor Type Piezo Resistor Supply Voltage 5V Output Voltage 0.5 - 4.5 V 5V Ref 3 Signal 2 1 Rail Pressure Sensor J1 35 J1 38 J1 19 ECM
- 41. Injector Fuel Return Fuel Inlet IQA code Nozzle IQA code
- 42. Injector Part Item Specification Remarks Injector Type Solenoid Multi injection type Injection hole 8 holes Operating temperature -30 120∼ ℃ Max. Injection pressure 1400 bar Min. Injection pressure 150 bar Normal Injection pressure 230 1400bar∼ Return pressure Pabs < 900 mb
Editor's Notes
- Check for the emission regulation for your local area. You can also use the graph underneath if your area uses Euro3 or Tier2 emission level.
- If one looks carefully at the animation, one can see that a part of the diesel fuel is also injected during the intake stroke. This is wat we call a pre-pilot injection and is only done with the most advanced common rail systems. Cold cranking can be a problem for diesel engines. When the air inside the cylinder is cold, the temperature at TDC might not be enough to reach the flame point of diesel fuel.If that happens, then you will need to install glow plugs. These glow plugs will heat up the air in order to auto-ignite the fuel. e.g. 2.4L engine Compression ratio: 9.6:1 Pressure at TDC: ~1000 kPa
- Pilot injection will reduce considerably the amount of fuel injected during the ignition delay.
- High pressure Improved dispersion Smaller drops
- Electrical fuel pump Fuel filter High pressure pump Fuel metering unit Pressure regulator Pressure accumulator Pressure sensor Injector Engine control module Fuel return damper
- This cylinder head is DOHC (Double Over Head Camshaft) type and has two camshaft that open 4 valves per cylinder with the finger followers of roller type (end pivot type). The camshaft gear is installed in front of camshaft and the vacuum pump and high pressure fuel pump are coupled in the rear of that. Because of the cam follower of the hydraulic type, it doesn&apos;t need to adjust of valve clearance. The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy, A356 with T7 air quench for better strength with light weight. The intake port shape of the cylinder head is designed for increasing of high performance and swirl efficiency using swirl control valves and then this is maximized to diesel combustion efficiency.
- The engine block is made of grey iron with sand casting process. The functions of the engine block can be categorized as support, locate, seal, transport, and provide clearance. It assists in locating components such as main bearings, crankshaft, and pistons. The engine block also provides for sealing at the piston rings, at the head gasket and contains oil and coolant inside the engine. In addition to containing fluids, the block must also transport pressurized oil and coolant while minimizing the pressure loss. Finally the engine block must provide clearance for the connecting rods, crankshaft, flexplate and provide access to the torque converter bolts. The engine block ties up with lower crankcase (Bedplate) for crankshaft support. Lower crankcase provides BSM (Balance shaft module) and oil pan mounting surface on it’s bottom side.
- The piston is cast aluminum included combustion chamber of a bowl type. Skirt of piston is coated with polymer to reduce friction and to enhance anti-scuffing. The piston assembly have 2 compression rings and 1 oil ring of 2-piece type loaded with coil spring. There is a piston pin of full-floating type between piston pin bore and rod pin bore and it is fixed by retainer located in both ends. The connecting rod is used fracture method to split rod and rod cap. The connecting rod and rod cap with bearings is positioned and fastened by bolts.
- The crankshaft is made of high strength forged steel. It is located in between the engine block and the bed plate on 5 crankbores with main bearings, having bearing clearance for lubrication. Crankshaft axial end play is maintained with thrust bearing placed in the 3rd crankbore. 4 connecting rod big ends are assembled in pin journals of crankshaft with rod bearings to transfer reciprocating force of piston to rotating force of crankshaft. At the 6th of crankshaft arm, a crankshaft gear is hot press fitted to drive a balance shaft module which runs by gears meshed. And at the 8th of crankshaft arm, target wheel is assembled with 3 bolts tightened to make a CPS(Crankshaft Position Sensor) read position signal of crankshaft.
- The balance shaft module is a type of oil pump integration with suction pipe, running inside of oil pan. A drive gear of balance shaft is driven by crankshaft gear and drives a driven gear in balance shaft . A driven gear, connected to rotor of oil pump, offers power source to oil pump. 2 unbalance shafts are rotating to eliminate the vibration(2nd order shaking force) from reciprocating mass. And oil in the oil pan is delivered to oil path by oil pump.
- Descriptions The crankshaft pulley on the front of crankshaft drives the camshaft sprocket, the water pump pulley and the high pressure pump sprocket using a timing belt. Also, the automatic timing belt tensioner, is a double eccentric type, assists the belt tension. The timing belt idler which is a double row bearing type, to endure the high load between the camshaft sprocket and the high pressure pump sprocket.
- (a) Chain assembly (b) Crankshaft sprocket (c) Timing chain tensioner (d) Timing chain dampener (e) Timing chain guide (f) Bolt (g) Bolt (h) Bolt
- The function of the muffler is to reduce engine noise. It is made up of a series of perforated tubes and baffles to break up the sound waves and reflect them. It is made of Stainless Steel to protect the front muffler from corrosion. The rear muffler is to reduce broad band engine exhaust noise. It is comprised of a series of perforated tubes and baffles to break up the sound waves and reflect them. The adopted dual muffler for C14X improves the efficiency to reduce flow noise. It is made of Stainless Steel to protect the front muffler from corrosion. 1. Exhaust Manifold Heat Shield 2. Pre–Catalyst 3. Seal Ring 4. Clamp 5. DPF Pressure Sensor 6. DPF Pressure Sensor Hose 7. Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 2 8. Gasket 9. Rubber Hanger 10. Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 1 11. Exhaust Front Pipe Assembly 12. DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) Assembly 13. DPF Heat Shield 14. Front Muffler Heat Shield 15. Front Muffler Assembly 16. Rear Muffler Assembly (Right–Side) 17. Rear Muffler Assembly (Left–Side)
- 1. Radiator 2. Charge Air Cooler 3. Main Cooling Fan Blade 4. Auxiliary Cooling Fan Blade 5. Main Cooling Fan Motor 6. Auxiliary Cooling Fan Motor 7. Cooling Fan Shroud
- 1. Water Pump 2. Water Pump Gasket 3. Thermostat Housing 4. Thermostat Gasket 5. Thermostat 6. Boost pressure & Temperature Sensor 7. Intake Manifold 8. Coolant Temperature Sensor
- 1. PCV hose 2. PCV valve assembly(W/OIL SEP) 3. Turbo charger 4. Intake manifold
- 1. Fuel Feed Line 2 .Fuel Filter 3 .Inlet Connector 4 .Pump Regulator 5 .Cooling Orifice 6 .Inlet Metering Valve 7 .Electrical Lift Pump 8 .High Pressure Connector 9 .Rail 10 .Venturi 11 .Venturi nipple 12 .Return Flow Connector 13 .Pressure Limiting Valve 14 .Cambox Return Flow 15 .Injector’s Flow Return 16 .Return Pipeline to Tank
- You can skip this slide if your participants have already enough diesel knowledge.
- Give a demo to the participants of the injector diagnosis.
- The injector is commanded by 45 Volts and its resistance is 0.2 Ω. If we use Ohms law to calculate the current, the current would be 90 Amps!!!! Of course this is impossible. Actually, the current should rise to 90 A, but never has the time to reach that value. After 0.1 ms the value has reached approximately 20 A. Afterwards the voltage is kept at 10 Volts. This means that the 20 Amps is kept in the injector during another 0.2 ms. Afterwards, the voltage is regulated in order to lower the current going through the injector. (The injection time at idle speed takes approximately 0.4 ms)