The document discusses security mechanisms in GSM networks. It first outlines the goals of security for operators and customers. It then describes the four main security principles of GSM: user authentication, ciphering of data and signals, confidentiality of user identity, and use of the SIM as a security module. The document reviews two papers on vehicle security and anti-theft systems using GSM and GPS. It compares the papers and identifies some shortcomings of such systems, such as weaker connectivity in rural areas. Finally, it concludes the systems can help reduce vehicle theft if implemented widely.

1. GSM SECURITY

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 Security goals & concerns
 Security mechanisms
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 Literature review comparison table
 SHORTCOMINGS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
2

3. INTRODUCTION
3
 The acronym GSM stands for Global System for Mobile, the term
"global" was preferred due to the intended adoption of this standard in
every continent of the world.
 GSM is a wireless communication that uses digital technology for
mobile communications whose signal transmission is divided by time,
mostly known as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
 Security Goals & Concerns :
 Operators
 Bills right people
 Avoid fraud
 Protect Services
 Customers
 Privacy
 Anonymity

4.  Four Principles of GSM Security Mechanism:
 User Authentication
(Ability of mobile equipment to prove that it has access to a
particular account with the operator)
 Ciphering of data and signal
(User data are protected against interception by means of ciphering.)
 Confidentiality of user data identity
(TMSI is used instead of IMSI which prevents an eavesdropper from
identifying of subscriber)
 SIM as security module
(PIN code security)
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
SECURITY MECHANISMS

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
5

6. LITERATURE REVIEW(1/2)
6
 Title: ”Advanced Vehicle Security System”, IEEE
transaction 2015.
Author: Pritpal Singh, Tanjot Sethi, Bunil K. B., Bibhuti B. B.
 Objective: To design and develop an advance and robust
security system for vehicles that can prevent theft and provide
information on accidents.
 Keywords: GPS, GSM, Tracking

7. HARDWARE DESIGN(Cont.1/2)
7
 (A) GSM Model:
Fig. 1. System
Architecture [1]
Fig. 2. Block diagram for detecting thief
movement[1]

8. HARDWARE DESIGN(Cont.1/2)
8
Fig. 3. Block diagram for switching different systems using DTMF decoder[1]

9. HARDWARE DESIGN(Cont.1/2)
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 (B) GPS Model :
Fig. 4. Block diagram of GPS tracking system[1]

10. RESULTS(Cont.1/2)
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Fig. 6. MSG sent in case of accident to
one of the family member[1]
Fig. 5. Offline tracking of vehicle
using GSM[1]

11. LITERATURE REVIEW(2/2)
11
 Title: “Anti-Theft Vehicle Tracking and
Immobilization System ”, IEEE transaction 2014.
Author: Kingshuk Mukherjee
 Objective: In this paper a simple and economical solution to
the problem has been presented. This scheme can be
assembled and used even by private car owners and provides
reasonable protection against vehicle theft.
 Keywords: Anti-theft, Vehicle tracking, Immobilization

12. LITERATURE REVIEW(Cont.2/2)
12
 (I) Flow Chart:
Fig. 7. System
[2]

13. LITERATURE REVIEW(Cont.2/2)
13
(I) Flow Chart (Cont..):
Fig. 7. System
[2]

14. 14
 A. Hardware implementation:
The system can be broadly divided into three parts:
 The GSM modem
 The GPS module
 The Immobilization Circuitry
DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION(Cont.)

15. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION(Cont.)
15
 B. Software implementation:
The software part covers the code that has to be fed into the
Arduino microcontroller. Its outline is as follows:
 1. READ MSG FROM GSM MODEM
 2. IF MESSAGE = "TRACK"
 READ LOCATION • SEND LOCATION
 3. IF MESSAGE = "IMMOBILIZE"
 OPEN FUEL INJECTOR CIRCUIT BY ACTIVATING RELAY
 SEND "IMMOBILIZATION SUCCESSFUL" MSG TO OWNER'S
 4. IF MESSAGE = "REVERSE"
 CLOSE FUEL INJECTOR CIRCUIT BY DEACTIVATING RELAY
 SEND "IMMOBILIZATION REVERSED"MESSAGE TO OWNER
 5. ANY OTHER MESSAGE ("INVALID MSG, TRY AGAIN“)
 6. END C.

16. LITERATURE REVIEW(Cont.2/2)
 C. Results and Observations:
Working of the three functions as seen from the owner’s
mobile phone:
 The functioning time heavily
depended on the GSM network
speed and connectivity.
16
Fig. 8. Screenshot of owner’s
mobile showing working[2]

17. LITERATURE REVIEW COMPARISON
TABLE
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Sr.
No.
Paper Title Method Used Advantages Disadvantages
1. Advanced Vehicle
Security System
8051 Microcontroller If some one design anything
commercial by both arduino
and 8051, the model 8051
will be much cheaper.
Bit complex designing then
arduino.
2- Anti-Theft Vehicle
Tracking and
Immobilization System
Arduino
Microcontroller
The whole point of the
"Arduino Platform" is to
allow for easy and fast
prototyping.
Open source platform, other
limitation is accidental one.

18. SHORTCOMINGS
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 Shortcomings of the system:
 It was observed that with a longer antenna, the tracking could
take place faster. For cloudy/rainy weather, it took longer to
track the vehicle.
 Even though the connectivity is now near universal, the
strength of the network differs and is weaker in rural areas.
 If the stolen vehicle is kept under a concrete cover or shade,
which will then prevent the GPS module from being able to
track it.
 If the thief is able to detect and destroy the Anti-theft module
before it can be used.

19. CONCLUSION
19
 Tracking system is getting to be progressively vital in expansive
urban areas and it is more secured than different frameworks.
 The advance vehicle security system is one of the essential systems
that homogenize both GPS and GSM systems.
 This framework intended for clients in transport business, provides
real-time information such as location, speed, etc.
 The main focus has been to keep this system simple and cost
effective, without compromising on its reliability.
 On an average it costs around $60 to $70 to build this module. If
implemented on a wide scale, this system will drastically reduce the
threat of vehicle theft and save vehicle owners thousands in
insurance money and other losses.

20. REFERENCES
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1. Pritpal Singh, Tanjot Sethi, Bunil K. B., Bibhuti B. B., ”Advanced Vehicle
Security System” © 2015 IEEE
2. Kingshuk Mukherjee , “Anti-Theft Vehicle Tracking and Immobilization System”
©2014 IEEE
3. Ammar Yasir Korkusuz, “Security in the GSM Network”, Bogazici University,
2012
4. GSM: Security, Services, and the SIM Klaus Vedder, LNCS 1528, pp. 224-240,
Springer
5. http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/introduction-to-gsm-security/

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