This document discusses various aspects of human growth and development, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. It covers topics like the general pattern of physical growth, factors affecting development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Piaget's theory proposes that children progress through sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages as their cognitive abilities develop. The document examines development from infancy through adolescence and adulthood.

1. Seminar
on
Aspects of Growth and
Development
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Ms. Sushila Preeti
Teacher Assistant 14060273
B.ED

2. PHYSICAL
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

3. MEANING
Physical growth and development refers a
process which brings bodily and physiological
changes- internal as well as external- in an
organism from the conception till his death .
Generally these changes take place in the
following dimensions :
1. In his gross physical structure
2. In his internal organs

4. GENERAL PATTERN OF HUMAN
PHYSICAL GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
• Increase in Height and Weight
• Changes in body proportions
• Anatomical growth and development
• Growth and development of internal organs
a) Nervous System
b) Muscular System
c) Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
d) Digestive System
e) Reproductive System

5. FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• The traits and characteristics inherited at the
time of conception.
• The physical as well as mental health of the
mother during pregnancy.
• Normal or abnormal delivery.
• Nutrition received by the child after birth.
• The living condition – physical ,social and cultural.
• Presence or absence of illness and diseases.
• Proper medical care.

6. IMPORTANCE AND ITS EDUCATIONAL
SIGNIFICANCE
• Social and emotional adjustment
• Progress of the country
• Needs , desires, interests, attitudes and in a
way the over all behaviour of an individual is
controlled.
• Arrange school programmes

7. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION OF
KNOWLEDGE
• Help in selection of curricular and co-
curricular experiences
• Help in learning situations.
• Impart training in problem solving and
creative expression
• Help to bring appropriate books suiting

8. EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

9. INTRODUCTION
Emotional development is one of the major
aspects of the human growth and
development. Emotions like love, anger ,fear
etc. play a great role in development of a
child’s personality . Not only his physical
growth and development is linked with his
emotional make up but his intellectual ,social
, moral and aesthetic development are also
controlled by his emotional behaviour .

10. MEANING
According to Crow and Crow
“Emotion is an effective experience that
accompanies generalized inner adjustement
and psychological stirred – up states in the
individual and that shows itself in his overt
behaviour .’’

11. KINDS OF EMOTIONS
Positive Emotions
Negative Emotions

12. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT DURING
ADOLESCENCE
There is a tide which begins to rise in the veins
of youth at the age of 11 or 12 . It is called by
the name of adolescence . If that tide can be
taken at the flood and a new voyage begun in
the strength and alone the flow of its current .
We think that it will move on to fortune.

13. FACTORS INFLUENCING EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 Health and physical development
 Family atmosphere and relationships
 School atmosphere and teachers
 Social development and peer – group
relationship
 Neighbourhood , the community and the
society

14. METHODS FOR TRAINING OF
EMOTIONS
Repression or Inhibition
Industriousness or mental occupation
Redirection and Sublimation
Catharsis

15. SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT

16. INTRODUCTION
The process of the development of such
qualities which brings desirable changes in his
social behaviour is referred to as social
development of the child.

17. MEANING
According to SORENSON….
“By social growth and
development we mean increasing ability to
get along well with oneself and others.’’
According to MRS. HURLOCK…..
“Social development
means the attaining of maturity in social
relationships.”

18. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DURING
ADOLESCENCE
1) Adolesecence is marked with too much sex
consciousness, sexual development and the
accompanying attraction for opposite sex.
2) Adolescence is also marked with the increase
in friendly realtionships.
3) Adolescence is a period of intense emotions.
4) There area of specific interests and social
contacts gets widened during adolescence.

19. FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. PERSONAL FACTORS
a) Bodily structure and health
b) Intelligence
c) Emotional development
2.ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
a) Family atmosphere
b) The school and its atmosphere
c) Community and Neighbourhood
d) Religious institutions and clubs

20. ERICKSON’S THEORY
OF PSYCHO- SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT

21. NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM THE
INDIVIDUAL
Stages of Psycho- social
development
o Trust vs. Mistrust(Infant
:Birth to 1.5 years)
o Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt(Toddler: 1.5 to 3
years)
o Initiative vs Guilt(Pre-
schooler: 3 to 6 years)
o Industry vs Inferiority(
School age child :6 to 12
Needs and Expectations
o Needs maximum comfort with
minimal uncertainty to trust
himself , others, and
environment.
o Works to master physical
environment while maintain
self - esteem
o Begins to initiate , not imitate
activities, develops conscience
and sexual identity.
o Tries to develop a sense of self
worth by refining skills.

22. • Identity vs role
confusion(Adolescence:12 to
20 years)
• Intimacy vs Isolation(Young:20
to 45 years)
• Generativity vs
Stagnation(Middle age adult:
45 to 65 years)
• Integrity vs Despair(Older
adult: 65 years onwards)
• Tries integrating many roles
into a self – image under role
model and peer pressure.
• Learns to make personal
commitment to another as
spouse, parent or partner.
• Seeks satisfaction through
productivity in career , family,
and civic interests.
• Reviews life accomplishments.,
deals with loss and
preparation for death.

23. MENTAL OR
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

24. MEANING
The growth and development of the mental
abilities and capacities which helps an
individual to adjust his behaviour to the ever
changing environmental conditions or to
enable him to accomplish a task that needs
complex cognitive abilities is referred to as
mental or cognitive development.

25. MENTAL OR COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
1. Sensation and preception
2. Concept formation
3. Development of language
4. Development of memory
5. Development of Problem- solving ability

26. PIAGET’S
THEORY

27. Piaget’s Theoretical Notions
Cognitive Structure
Cognitive Function

28. Stages of Intellectual Development
o Sensory – motor Stages(From birth to about 2
years)
o Pre- operational Stages(about 2 to 7 years)
o Concrete operational Stages(about 7 to 11
years)
o Formal operation Stages(about 12 to 15 years)

29. CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PIAGET’S
THEORY
I. Intellectual development are not as uniform.
II. Cognitive performance at particular ages is
usually very inconsistent
III. Children below age of concrete operations are
incapable of logical thinking and are egocentric
has been refuted by a number of research
studies
IV. A child is unable to perform an intellectual task
V. Linked biological maturation with the
development of cognitive abilities

30. THANK
YOU