I prepared it for my M.A Education subject Foundation in Pakistan topic meaning and concept of educational psychology. Hope who will check this presentation will like it insh ALLAH

3. MEANING AND CONCEPT
OF
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
SUBJECT
FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION

4. SIR IJAZ AHMAD TATLAH
Mahrukh Iftikhar (141170)
Saher Akhtar (141150)
PRESENTED TO:-
PRESENTED BY:-

5. To know the meaning and have a concept of Educational
Psychology it is necessary to understand two things that:
Then we will see that
What is Education? What is Psychology?
What is Educational Psychology?
1 2

6.  In the narrow sense, education is limited to the
instruction in school, college and university.
Education of the child starts as he enters the school
where definite amount of knowledge is given.
 In broader sense, education is life long process. It is
a process that goes on throughout life and is
promoted by every experience in life.
 According to Drever “Education is a process in which
and by which the knowledge, character and behavior
of the young are shaped and moulded.”

7. ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF EDUCATION:
•Education as ‘educere’ is more acceptable as it means leading an individual from
ignorance to knowledge.

8. Etymological meaning of Psychology:
“Psyche”= soul,
mind
“Logos”=study
of
Psychology comes from two
Greek words
•PSYCHOLOGY is a latest science which is emerged from philosophy and
passed through many controversial definitions to achieve the present
operational definition of ‘psychology as a science of mental process
and behavior’ from traditional study of soul. The term soul was rejected
because of its immaterialistic nature having unscientific, unpractical and
ambiguous explanation. It emergence as a separate field of study came
about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental

9.  C.V. Good defines “Psychology is the study of
adjustments of organism, especially the human organism
to changing environment.”
 Psychology is a pure science because :
• It is empirical.
• It is a systematic study.
• It uses measurements and tools of measurements.
• It helps to define terms.
 Modern Psychology as a Science of Mental processes and
Behavior helps an individual to know, understand and
measure himself and others through controlled
observations practically in a valid and reliable manner to
modify and control his own and others behavior for the
better adjustments to achieve in life.

11. Educational
Psychology is a
scientific
discipline that
addresses two
Core
Questions:
“What can be
done to improve
that learning?"
“Why do
some
individual
learn more
than others?”
AND

12.  Educational psychology is one of the branches of applied
psychology concerned with the application of the principles,
techniques and other resource of psychology to the solution
of the problems confronting the teacher attempting to direct
the growth of children toward defined objectives. More
specifically, we can say educational psychology is concerned
with an understanding of:
• The child, his development, his need and his potentialities.
• The learning situation including group dynamics as it affect
learning.
• The learning process, its nature and the ways to make it
effective.
Stated differently, the Central theme of Educational
Psychology is Psychology of learning.

13.  Educational Psychologists help in developing instructional
methods and materials used to train people in both
educational and work settings. They are also concerned with
research on issues of relevance for education, counseling and
learning problems.
 Education by all means is an attempt to mould and shape the
behavior of the pupil. It aims to produce desirable changes in
him for the all-round development of his personality. The
essential knowledge and skill to do this job satisfactorily is
supplied by Educational Psychology.

14. • According to Skinner (1958), “Educational Psychology covers the entire
range of behavior and personality as related to education. It is the branch of
psychology which deals with teaching and learning.”
• Slavin (1991) defines “Educational Psychology as “Research on student,
teaching and learning focuses on education process, skills, values and
attitude distracted from teacher to student in the classroom, including
psychology principle in teaching.”
• Peel (1956)- “Educational Psychology is the science of Education.”
• Berliner (1992): “Educational psychologists study what people think and do
as they teach and learn a particular curriculum in a particular environment
where education and training are intended to take place.”
• Consolidated Definition: Educational Psychology may be defined as “the
application of the principles, facts and techniques of individual and group
Psychology to human development in a more or less controlled situation
concerned with learning and teaching process in education and solving
educational problems.”

15.  Critical thinking – What would you do in order to help all
your students to progress & prepare for great achievements?
Answer : Of course by learning the right methods and skills
required for us to teach in an environmental classroom
 Educational Psychology teaches us to be aware of the
challenges & possibilities of teaching.
 For example : In a class, there will be a group of students who
performed very well in their examination while some
obtained low marks.
Solution : You will realize that some students who are gifted
and talented learners while some might be having learning
disabilities.
Consider
yourself as a
teacher.

16.  Undoubtedly, the study of Educational Psychology may be very helpful to
equip teachers with necessary skills to deal with classroom learning-
teaching problems. But, the way we are conducting courses of educational
psychology are not of great help because courses are mostly theoretical in
nature and fail to create permanent impact on the personality of teacher-
trainees.
 Provide knowledge on theories & psychology principles to teachers to
practice it in classroom.
 Give knowledge on students behavior so that teachers can avoid discipline
problems in classroom effectively.
 Completing psychology knowledge on student attitude to help teachers
create their healthy personality and positive self-concept with better
guidance.
 Give better understanding on student nature and needs to help teachers
use effective motivation techniques and create good relationship between
teacher-student.
 Provide teachers knowledge, skills and useful teaching attitude in
education activities.

17. Educational Psychology is an offshoot of psychology. Its nature cannot be
different from psychology.
• Applied branch and scientific method: It is an applied branch of fundamental
Psychology. Educational Psychology employs scientific methods and adopts
scientific approach to study the learner’s behavior.
• Specific Science: Educational Psychology limits its dealing with the behavior of
the pupil in relation to Educational environment.
• An academic discipline: Educational psychology draws its subject matter from
other disciplines such as anthropology, developmental psychology, abnormal
psychology, animal psychology, biology, physiology and so on.
• A positive science: Educational psychology is a positive science not a normative
science as it is not concerned with the values. It does not concern itself with
‘what ought to be’ it only describes what it is, e:g:- why education should be
provided and what type of education to be provided. It focuses its attention on
“How, When and Where” education should be provided. Educational
psychology studies the child’s behavior as it is, not, as it ought to be.
• A natural science: An educational psychologist conducts his investigations,
gathers his data and reaches his conclusions in exactly the same manner as
physicist or the biologist.

18. • Body of facts: It possesses a systematic, well organized and
internationally accepted body of facts supported by the
psychological laws, principles and theories.
• A growing and developing science: Educational psychology is
concerned with new researches developing each day with
changes. New facts about human nature are coming to the fore on
account of researches in this field. Thus, the science of
educational psychology is ever growing and developing.
• A Practical Science/Area of Application: It is utilitarian and
practical in nature. The educator and the teacher make use of the
knowledge of educational psychology at every step. In fact,
effective teaching is impossible without the knowledge of
educational psychology. In it the subject matter, researches,
principles & procedures of psychology are brought to bear upon
the problem of the educative process.
• An educational science: It primarily deals with how, when and
what of education so it is also an educational science.

19. Educational Psychology is of great importance today because it
includes the study of following:
 Lindgren’s View: Lindgren’s view was that three focal point of
education are also included in scope of Educational psychology. The
three focal points are as under:
 THE LEARNER: Before the behavior modification of a learner it is
necessary to know the individuality and personality of a learner and
Educational psychology plays its role very efficiently in this concern
by examine the following:
a) The study of child, his attitude, aptitude, intelligence, creativity and the
aspects of motivation.
b) Individual differences among children.
c) Various stages of growth and development.
d) Personality and influence of child’s environment on his personality.
 THE LEARNING PROCESS:
To make learning process flexible Educational psychology examines
aspects :

20. a) Nature of learning or learning material
b) How this learning should take place?
c) Different theories of learning.
d) How maximum learning can be achieved in a minimum time.
 THE LEARNING SITUATION:
Under this aspect Educational psychology examine the following:
a) Classroom climate and nature of management.
b) To use the method of individual differences to teach children.
c) Using such pedagogy (teaching of children) and andragogy (teaching of adults)
which facilitate the learning
d) New techniques of evaluation.
e) Knowledge of educational and vocational guidance by teacher to learner.
The study of following is also included in scope:
 Study of heredity and environment.
 Study of exceptional children.
 Study of guidance and counseling.
 Study of expectations.
 Study of Group Dynamics.
 Study of Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics.

21. One simple question may be asked
that “why should Educational
Psychology be taught to teachers?”
Answer to this question is in next 2
slides.

22.  Contribution to Theory of Education:
 To Understand Development Characteristics.
 To Understand the Nature of Classroom Learning.
 To Understand Individual Differences.
 To Understand Effective Teaching Methods.
 To Understand Problems of Children.
 Knowledge of Mental Health.
 Curriculum Construction.
 Measurement of Learning Outcomes.
 Research.
 Guidance for Education of Exceptional Children.
 Helps to develop positive attitude.
 Understanding of Group Dynamics.

23.  Contribution to Practice of Education:
 Problem of Discipline.
 Use of Audio-Visual Aids.
 School and Classroom Administration.
 Time Table.
 Co-curricular Activities.
 Use of Innovations.
 Production of Text Books.

24.  General Psychology: It studies a common man’s behavior in all cognitive
processes and educational psychology take all general psychology topics into
consideration to the student’s attention, perception, learning and memory.
 Social Psychology: It studies individual’s behavior in social situation and
educational psychology formulates and uses the effective teaching method &
learning techniques in accordance with the learner’s needs, motives and
classroom environment.
 Sociology: studies group behavior and educational psychology makes use of it
in the:
 Study of learners collective behavior in classroom,
 In the formation of attitudes in study habits,
 Examination of relationship of:-
a) Teachers-learner’s
b) Teachers-administration
c) Student-administration
d) Games and educational bodies
e) Teachers and parents etc.

25.  Child Psychology: It studies the physical, mental, social and moral developmental
changes in different age levels and educational psychology take child psychology
into consideration for preparing syllabus for students according to their age and
grade(class) level in accordance with their different socio-economic background
and cognitive potencies.
 School Psychology: It is related to Educational Psychology as Clinical Psychology is
related to Abnormal Psychology. Educational Psychology takes help of School
Psychologists:-
 In the diagnosis and solution of educational problems of general and special
children, the mentally retarded and gifted as well.
 In formulating different syllabus, teaching techniques and mode of examination
according to the children’s interest, ability, performance and vocational aptitudes
 Suggest remedial programs for the problematic children.
 Psychometric: It is a branch of psychology which develops and interprets
psychological tests in assessment aptitude, ability, intelligence, personality,
motives, attitudes and emotional problems in adjustment through verbal and non-
verbal tests. Educational psychology applies the psychometric methods not only in
the evaluation of learning capacity and achievement but also in diagnosing the
educational problems for formulating guidance & counseling programs.

26. In the end it can be concluded that:
 Educational Psychology deals with the conditions that
promote or retard the development of the learner.
 It attempts to describe and explain the changes that
take place in the development of learner.
 Teaching and learning are focal points of educational
psychology.
 Educational Psychologists investigate the methods and
techniques imparting education to the learner,
discover a number of general rules and apply them to
the practical problems of learning.

27.  Prof.Zarin Bukhari, Saniya Shah and Hania Shah, Processes of Education & Applied Psychology, Allied
Book Centre, Lahore (for students appearing in B.A/B.Sc. Psychology & Applied Psychology Paper-A)
 Prof.Zarin Bukhari, Saniya Shah and Hania Shah, Processes of Education & Applied Psychology, Allied
Book Centre, Lahore (for students appearing in B.A/B.Sc. Psychology & Applied Psychology Paper-B)
 S.M. Shahid, Education(Part-II) For Degree Classes, Majeed Book Depot, Lahore.
 Pervaiz Iqbal, Qualify B.ED Volume-II, Majeed Book Depot, Lahore.
 Rakhshanda Shahnaz, An Approach to Psychology Degree Classes Vol.-II, Caravan Book House, Lahore.
 http://www.slideshare.net/niksitimaisarah/educational-psychology-34677692?related=1
 http://www.mu.ac.in/myweb_test/SYBA%20Study%20Material/edu-II%20psycho.pdf
 https://johnparankimalil.wordpress.com/2012/03/09/meaning-nature-and-scope-of-educational-
psychology/
 http://knowledgeportal.pakteachers.org/sites/knowledgeportal.pakteachers.org/files/resources/Lectur
e%20Notes%20on%20Educational%20Psychology.pdf
 http://www.preservearticles.com/201102244166/what-are-the-scopes-of-educational-psychology.html
 https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB0QFjAA&url=http
%3A%2F%2Fmuthupandi.co.in%2Fpsychology.ppt&ei=1ZK6VLuSO8e4UbGFgqAE&usg=AFQjCNHCQqZma
U8bDBS9vm-X6GcvPcmgRw
 https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=HyQgZTQnAtAC&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=%E2%80%9CEducatio
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 http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/education/what-is-the-scope-of-educational-
psychology.html