Acid fast staining is differential staining technique which differentiate bacteria into two group- acid fast bacteria and non acid bacteria. It used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium .
Culture medium or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms. There are different types of media suitable for growing different types of cells. Here, we will discuss microbiological cultures used for growing microbes, such as bacteria ,fungi, yeast & algae.
Acid fast staining is differential staining technique which differentiate bacteria into two group- acid fast bacteria and non acid bacteria. It used to identify acid-fast organisms such as members of the genus Mycobacterium .
Culture medium or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms. There are different types of media suitable for growing different types of cells. Here, we will discuss microbiological cultures used for growing microbes, such as bacteria ,fungi, yeast & algae.
Capsule is an layer around the bacteria cell which gives bacteria the protection and pathogenicity. Staining such an layer is difficult with the normal stains so it is necessary to stain the background and the cell itself which makes the capsule appear colourless.
When fresh liquid medium is inoculated with a given number of bacteria and incubated for sufficient period of time, it gives a characteristic growth pattern of bacteria.
If the bacterial population is measured periodically and log of number of viable bacteria is plotted in a graph against time, it gives a characteristic growth curve which is known as growth curve or growth cycle.
The PPT is mainly all about Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Agents causing the disease Tuberculosis, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. It was made for both BSc and MSc students.
Capsule is an layer around the bacteria cell which gives bacteria the protection and pathogenicity. Staining such an layer is difficult with the normal stains so it is necessary to stain the background and the cell itself which makes the capsule appear colourless.
When fresh liquid medium is inoculated with a given number of bacteria and incubated for sufficient period of time, it gives a characteristic growth pattern of bacteria.
If the bacterial population is measured periodically and log of number of viable bacteria is plotted in a graph against time, it gives a characteristic growth curve which is known as growth curve or growth cycle.
The PPT is mainly all about Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Agents causing the disease Tuberculosis, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. It was made for both BSc and MSc students.
Microbiology lab report :
1- introduction (Gram Staining)
2-Requirements (Reagents)
3-Method
4-Observations
College of Medicine
Al-Imam Mohammad Bin Saud Islamic University
First year
2013 – 2014
by asem shadid
Gram stain is technique used to differntiate gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
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Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with our digestion
this presentation involves a comprehensive outlines regarding the most common different methods used in diagnostic microbiology to stain bacteria and their structures
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM
The Gram stain was devised
by the Danish physician,
Hans Christian Gram,
while working in Berlin in
1883. He later published
this procedure in 1884.
3. GRAM’S STAIN
Gram staining (or Gram's method) is a method of
differentiating bacterial species into two large groups
Gram Positive Gram Negative
Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and
physical properties of their cell walls.
4. GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA
• Gram positive bacteria have a thick
cell wall of peptidoglycan.
• Peptidoglycan is a polymer
consisting of sugar amino acids
that form a mesh like outside the
plasma membrane of bacteria
forming cell wall.
• In Gram positive bacteria,
between the cell wall and cell
membrane, there is a "membrane
teichoic acid".
5. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Gram negative bacteria have
an outer membrane of
phospholipids and bacterial
Lipopolysaccharides outside of
their thin peptidoglycan layer.
The space between the outer
membrane and the
peptidoglycan layer is called
the periplasmic space.
6.
7. PRINCIPLE OF GRAM’S STAINING
The structure of the organism ‘s cell wall
determines whether the organism is gram positive
or negative.
When stained with a primary stain and fixed by a
mordant, some bacteria are able to retain the
primary stain by resisting declorization while other
get decolorized by decolorizer.
Those bacteria which retain the primary stain are
called Gram positive.
Those bacteria which get decolorized and then get
counterstained are called Gram negative.
8. 1. Crystal violet - all bacteria take crystal violet- so all
appears violet.
2. Iodine – Crystal Violet-iodine(CV-I) complex is
formed.
3. Acetone- bacteria with high lipid content loose CV-I
complex(appear colourless) but bacteria with less
lipid content retains CV-I complex ( appear violet).
4. Safranine/ basic fuchsin – only colourless bacteria
takes – appear pink.
9.
10. PROCEDURE
1. Make a smear & dry thoroughly in cool air. Fix the dried
film by passing it briefly through a bunsen flame.
2. Flood the slide with crystal violate sol. for upto 1 min.
Wash off briefly with tap water & drain.
3.Flood the slide with gram’s iodine sol. & allow to act as
a mordant for about 1 min. Wash off with tap water &
drain.
11. 4.Decolourise the smear with acetone for 10-30 sec. taking
care not to overdecolourise & immediately wash off with
water.
5.Flood the slide with safranin sol. & counterstain for about
30 sec, wash off with tap water, drain & blot dry with filter
paper & examine under oil immersion objective.
