This document provides a summary of key Spanish 3 grammatical concepts. It covers topics such as preterite and imperfect tenses, irregular verb forms, comparatives and superlatives, future tense, transition words, and the uses of por and para in Spanish. The document is organized as a table of contents with 21 sections explaining these various grammatical elements of the Spanish language.

1. Spanish 3 Grammatical Concepts
Nicholas Arce

2. Table of Contents
1- Title 15- Comparatives and Superlatives
2- Table of Contents 16- Future Tense
3- Preterite Tense 17- Future Triggers
4- Preterite Triggers 18- Future Irregulars
5- Car, Gar, Zar 19- Transition Words
6- Spock 20- Por
7- Snake, Snakey 21- Para
8- Cucuracha
9- Imperfect Tense
10- Imperfect Triggers
11- Irregulars
12-Preterite vs. Imperfect
13- Ser vs. Estar
14- Verbs like Gustar

3.  This verb form is used for
completed actions in the past.
Such as you ate yesterday,
Regular Verb Forms comiste ayer, or I swam at 8,
Nadé a las ocho. They have a
é amos definitive start and end.
-Ar
aste -
ó aron
Preterite
-Er/Ir í imos
iste -
ió ieron

4.  Every verb tense has Triggers
words which will help
you identify which
tense to use. For the
preterite tense...  Ante ayer
 El dia anterior
 El jueves pasado
 El otro dia
 UN! vez
All these will help you identify the
perterite tense

5. Car, Gar, Zar
 Most (if not all) verb forms have
irregulars. The preterite has quite a
few...the first being the car, gar,
and zar verbs.
 For these verbs, take off the ending
of the infintive, and for the YO
form with verbs ending in car, gar,
or zar, use the endings qué, gué,
and cé respectively.
 buscar---busqué
 llegar---llegué
 empezar---empecé

6. Irregular conjugations for each
Spock! grouping. No accents!
Hacer
hice, hicimos, hiciste, hizo, hicieron
Dar Ir
Ver Dar/Ver
Ser -i,-imos,-iste,-io,-ieron
Hacer
Ir/Ser
fui, fuimos, fuiste, fue, fueron

7.  Only the bottom of the Snake....Snakey
chart....(3rd person) has an
irregular conjugation where the
vowel changes to a y.
 Leer  Oir
leyó oyó
leyeron oyeron

8. Cucurachas!
 andar anduv-
 estar estuv- These verbs all have the same endings: e, imos,
 tener tuv- iste, o, ieron.
 caber cup-
 haber hub-
Anduve, anduvimos, anduviste, anduvo,
 poder pud- anduvieron
 poner pus-
 saber sup-
 hacer hic- ***** for those, the 3rd person plural drops the 'I'
in the conjugation. For example. Trajeron instead
 querer quis-
of trajieron....
 venir vin-
 *decir dij-
 *producir
produj-
 *traer traj-

9. Imperfect
 Used to describe past actions The endings are....
that don't have a specific
beginning or ending. They -Ar
aba abámos
have an imperfect time. They
abas -
describe habitual past actions,
or uncompleted actions. Also aba aban
vague refrences would use the
imperfect.... cuando ERA -Er/Ir
niño... ía íamos
ías -
ía ían

10. A veces
A menudo
De vez en cuando
Triggers Mientras
Muchas veces
Los lunes
Denotes the imperfect
tense!!!! Cada dia
Frequentemente
siempre

11. Imperfect Irregulars
Ir Ser Ver
iba era veía
ibas eras veías
iba era veía
íbamos éramos veíamos
iban eran veían
Only 3, enough said?

12. Preterite vs. Imperfect
We have two ways we could
possibly express past actions,
with the preterite and imperfect
tenses. So, which one should
we use? Well, the preterite, as I
Nadaste a las dies (Pret.)
said before, is like a snapshot, a
definite time. Imperfect is like Nadaba de vez en cuando (imp.)
a movie, it keeps moving.
If that isn't confusing enough, they
can both be used in the same
sentence. But luckily, the Cuando dormía, mi perro comió
imperfect shows the una hamburguesa con queso.
background information such
as time, weather, and location,
while the preterite shows the
specific events.

13. Ser vs. Estar
Ser Estar
 D- descriptions  H- health
 O- occupations  E- emotions
 C- characteristic  L- location
 T- time  P- physical characteristics
 O- origin  ING- for verbs in English
ending in -ing you need estar +
 R- relationships
verb + ando/iendo
 P- possesion
 E- events
 D- dates

14. Verbs like Gustar
 Some verbs work like gustar
 Personal pronoun + gusta/an + noun
me encantan los zapatos
me fascina comer
no me importa
 aburrir, faltar, importar, interesar, molestar, quedar, caer,
doler, disgustar, preocupar, sorprender, apetecer

15. Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives Superlatives
Mas ____ que ____ el mas ___ de ____
Menos ____ que ____ el menos ___ de ____
 Nuestra casa es mas grande que su  Nuestra casa es el mas grande de
casa todos en el mundo
*Irregular adjectives *OTRO!
 Bueno- mejor  Tan___ como
*Numbers!
 Malo- peor
 Mas de or menos de as ___ as
 Viejo- mayor
 Tanto ___como
 Joven- menor
as much/many as

16. Future Tense
All verbs end the same
way! Infintive + ending é emos
ás -
Hablaré miercoles. á án

17. Triggers
 When you see these,  Mañana
you know the event will  El lunes
be happening sometime
in the future!  Despues de mañana
 El proximo dia

18. Irregulars!
 Caber cabr
 Poner pondr
 Decir dir
 Same endings, but the  Haber habr
stem changes!  Salir saldr
 Hacer har
 Poder podr
 Tener tendr
 Querer querr
 Valer valdr
 Sabe sabr
 Venir vendr

19. Transition Words
These words will
spice up your • Aunque- even though
sentences and
• Mientras- while
provide you with
ways of saying • A pasar de- in spite of
more things. • Por lo tanto- therefore
• Sin embargo/no
obstante- nevertheless

20. Por
For By means of
Passing through PORtal
General, not specific PORtugal
How long PORever
The cause of something PORpuse
An exhange imPORt/exPORt
Doing something in I am POR, pay for me
place of someone
By means of moving transPORtation

21. Para
For In order to
For whom something is Suprise PARAtay
done
Destination PARAguay
The purpose for whom PARAsites
something is done
Opinions PARAdon me, but...
Contrast and compare comPARAson
deadline PARAmedic