The document provides an overview of key grammar concepts in Spanish, including: 1) Qué vs Cuál, Ser vs Estar, Gustar and other common verbs, transitions words, imperfect tense triggers and irregulars. 2) Formulas like Acabar de + infinitive, Hace expressions, and commands with pronouns. 3) Reflexive verbs, modal verbs, preterite tense conjugations and common time expressions used with the preterite.

2.  Qué vs Cuál  Verbos como Gustar
 Ser: doctorped  Reflexive Verbs
 Estar: helping › Sentirse
 Gustar  Modal Verbs
 Transitions Words  Tú Commands
 Imperfect › Affirmative
› Triggers › Negative
› Irregular › Irregulars
 Acabar de + infinitive  DOP + placement
 Hace expressions  Preterite
 Formulas

3. Example:
 What? •¿De que color
es los zapatos?
 Used when asked for •¿Cuál es tu
Qué
defintions numero de
telefono?
 Most often used before
nouns
 Same singular and pural form
 Which or What?
 Usually used before es and other
forms of ser when not seeking a
Cuál
definition
 Used to seggest a choice or selection
form a group
 Singular: Cuál Pural: Cuáles

4. ossession
› ¿De quienes?
vents
escription › ¿Cyando/donde es?
› ¿Qué es? ates
rigin › ¿Qué dia es hoy?
› ¿De dondé es?
haracteristics
› ¿Cómo es?
ime
› ¿Qué hora es?
ccupation
› ¿Qué hace?
elationships
› ¿Quien es?

5. Heath Emotions Location Present
Condition
¿Como ¿Como ¿Donde
estas? estas? esta? ¿Como
esta?
I ar: ando N ir/er: G ir/er:
endo -yendo
Estar is used when you are talking about something temporary.

6. Me gusta Nos gusta You should clarify or make it
easier for the reader/listener
Te gusta Os gusta to understand who or what
likes the ____, since the
Le gusta Les gusta pronouns are not very direct.
Place an “a (name or
Singular:
regular pronoun) + gustar
•The singular forms of gustar are used
pronoun + gustar.
when the object that follows is singular.
Examples:
Ex. Me gusta el boligrafa
A mi me gusta – clarify
that I like it.
Me gustan Nos gustan A Juan le gusta –
clarifying Juan likes it.
Te gustan Os gustan
Le gustan Les gustan
To say you do NOT
Plural: like something, you
•Use the plural form when the object put a NO before the
following gustar is also plural. me,te, le, nos, os, or
Ex. Me gustan los bibligrafas. les.

7. Por la noche in the night
 Antes before
 Primero first  Segund second
 Entonces then  Igualmente generally
 Después after  También also
 Normalmente normally  Una vez once
 Típicamente tipically  Por la tonto accordingly
 Cada diás everyday
 Por la mañana in the morning
 Por la tarde in the adternoon

8. Only Regular
Imperfect Verbs.
AR ER/IR
- aba Yo - ía
- abas Tú - ías
- aba Usted - ía Examples:
- ábamos Nostrosos - íamos Todos los días yo
hablaba
- abais Vostoros - íais Everyday I talk.
- aban Ustedes - ían Cuando era una
niña, montaba los
 Uses cabollos.
When I was a little
› Ongoing past tense action girl, I rode horses.
› Repeated action
› No definite beginning or end
 Like a film not just a single snap shot
› Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions

9.  Have the same uses!
 3 irregular verbs are ir, ser, and ver.
Ir Ser Ver
• iba • era • veía
• ibas • eras • veías
• iba • era • veía
• íbamos • éramos • veíamos
• ibais • erais • veíais
• iban • eran • veían

10. todos los a a veces Siempre cada día los lunes
días menudo •sometimes •always •everyday •Mondays
•everyday •often
generalmente mientras De vez en Muchas frecuentemente
•generally
•while cuando veces •frequently
•occasionally •Very often

11.  Acabar de : to just have finished
 Use this formula to say you have just done
something, you have just completed an
action
 Conjugate acabar: Yo Acabo de
Tú Acabas de
› Examples Usted Acaba de
 I have just finished Nosotros Acabamos de
swimming Ustedes Acaban de
 Acabo de nadar.
 Acabar conjugated de
infinitive

12.  Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
› = have mush time you have spent doing
something
 The conjugated verb can be in any tense
 Examples
› I spent 4 hours working on my Spanish Grammar
Book
› Hace cuatro horas que trabajo en mi Español
Libro Gramática
 Hace + time + que + conjugated verb

13.  Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
This formula is used to talk about how much time you have been
doing something.
 Hay + que + infintive
This formulas is used to talk about how much time you have
been doing something.
 Se prohibe + infintive
This formula is used to talk about what needs to be done or
what must de done.
It is very impersonal and is directed to no one in particular.
 Ir + a + infintive
This formula tells what someone is going to do. * Remember to
conjugate ir and leave what they are going to do in the infinitive.

14. Pronouns
Verbs
Me • gusta Gustar
• gustan (to like)
The singular
and plural
Te • falta
• faltan
Faltar
(to miss, missing)
forms rules
apply to
these verbs
Le • duele
• duelen
Doler
(to hurt, hurts)
too.
The
clarifying
rules are also
Nos • fascina
• fascinan
Fascinar
(to fasinate) the same.
Les • molesta
• molestan
Molestar
(to bully, bother)

15.  Verbs to do for or to yourself
 -se stuck on to the end of the verb
› Example: Levarse, Peinarse
 The do-er and reciever of the action are
the same.
› I wash my face. I am doing the washing but I
(my face) is also receiving the washing.
 Refelxive pronouns: me nos
te os
se se

16.  Reflexive verb, reflects on how oneslf
feels
 Stem changer (e – ie) “boot”
 ¿Cómo te sientes?
› Me siento…
 ¿Cómo se sienten?
› Se siente…
Me siento Nos sentimos
Te sientes Os sentís
Se siente Se sienten

17. ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
querer + infinitive (want to do something)
deber + infinitive (should do something)
* Conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to
get a new meaning.

18. The o now has an
accent because
 Conjugate into tú form when you attach a
DOP to a
affirmative
 Simply drop the “s” commands, you
have to accent
 DOPs can be attached to the end
Affrimative
the third to last
syllable so the
› Examples pronunciation says
the same
 How do you say “Eat the hamburger!”
 ¡Come la hamburguesa!
 Or you can say ¡Cómelo!
 Irregulars: TVDISHES
Comer
Conjugate to yo form
 Conjugate to the yo form
 Change the vowel
› ar = e er/ir = a Como
Negative
 Add a “s” Change vowel er verb =a
 DOPs can NOT attach to the
end, instead they come after Coma
the no but before the verb. Add s
› Examples
 Don’t eat it
 ¡no lo comas!
Comas

19.  Affrimative  Negative
Di Decir No digas
Haz Hacer No hagas
Ir No vayas
Ve
Pon Poner No pongas
Sal Salir No salgas
Sé Ser No seas
Ten Tener No tengas
Ven Venir No vengas
DOP + placement rules are the same.

20. Me Nos
te Os
 Reflexives
› A sentence can have both a subject pronoun and reflexive Lo Los
 Yo me quito la ropa La Las
 El se pone el desodorante.
 Subject pronoun reflexive pronoun conjugated reflexive verb …
› Infintive Contruction: The pronouns are added to the end of the infintive
reflexive verb
 You replace the –se with the correct subject-verb agreement pronoun
 Voy a afeitarme
 Infintive reflexive verbreflexive pronoun.
 3 ways to attach DOPs at the end
› Infintives
 Voy a Comerlo I am going to eat it
› Affirmative Commands
 ¡Cómelo! Eat it!
 The o now has an accent because when you attach a DOP to a
affirmative commands, you have to accent the third to last syllable so the
pronunciation says the same.
› Present Progressive
 Estoy comiendolo I will eat it
 Negative Commands
› Pronouns are placed after the no but before the verb in a negative command.
 ¡No lo comas! Do not eat it!

21. Tigger words
Endings for Preterite:
Ayer yesterday
AR ER/IR A noche at night
-é Yo -í El año pasado
last year
- aste Tú - iste La semana
passado
-ó Usted - ió Last week
- amos Nostrosos - imos Ante ayer
before
yesterday
- aran Ustedes - ieron
 Uses
› Simple happened and its over action; a
definite time in the past
› Has a beginign and or ending
› It’s a single snapshot in time
› Example
• The boy fell and broke his leg. It
happened at that single point in time.

22. FIN