This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and how they can benefit K-12 education. It defines OER as teaching materials like textbooks, videos, and exams that are free to access and allow users to engage in 5R activities of retaining, revising, remixing, redistributing, and repurposing. Studies have found OER can save school districts millions of dollars annually in textbook costs while empowering teachers and keeping content up-to-date. The document provides examples of how OER are being successfully implemented and recommends steps superintendents and administrators can take to support OER adoption.
1. Dr. Cable Green
Director of Open Education
cable@creativecommons.org
twitter: @cgreen
Shifting your District to
Open Educational Resources with
Meredith Jacob
Assistant Director, PIJIP at American University
mjacob@wcl.american.edu
twitter: @meredithjacob
Jane Park
Director of Platforms & Partnerships
janepark@creativecommons.org
twitter: @janedaily
2. Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
28. WA State and K-12 Districts together
spend $130M/year
on textbooks and the results are:
• Books are (on average) 7-10 years out of date
• Paper only / no digital versions.
• Students can’t write / highlight in books
• Students can’t keep books at end of year
• All rights reserved… teachers can’t update
• Parents often pay for lost paper books…
37. The Z-Degree
REMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A
BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS
THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM
Decreased cost to
graduate by 25%
Increased
pedagogical flexibility
Improved course
completion rates
38.
39. OER Potential in U.S. Higher Education:
Save Students: Billions / year
If every:
Open textbook saves $128 per course / student
41. Increase Equity
All students have access to high
quality learning materials that have
the most up-to-date and relevant
content because OER can be freely
copied and distributed to anyone.
42. Save Money
Switching to OER enables schools to
repurpose funding spent on static
textbooks for other pressing needs.
Replacing just one textbook can free
up tens of thousands of dollars
available for other purposes.
43. Open Textbook Savings Calculators
http://openedgroup.org/calculator
http://lumenlearning.com/oer-adoption-impact-calculator/
44. Open Textbooks have saved students:
with an additional $53 million projected
through academic year 2015/16
45. Keep Content Relevant, Effective & High
Quality
Traditional textbooks are perpetually
outdated, forcing districts to re-invest
to replace them.
CC licenses allow educators to maintain
the quality and relevance of their OER
through continuous updates.
46. Empower Teachers
OER empower teachers as creative
professionals by giving them the
ability to adapt and customize
learning materials to meet the needs
of their students without breaking
copyright laws.
49. Do I own the copyright? If yes, I as the
rights holder can choose to share
under a CC license.
If not, what rights do I have to clear?
Whose permission do I have to seek to
share the work more liberally under
CC license terms?
Clear the rights.
50. My district has a website where we
share our materials (see link)
My district has a preferred LMS where
we share our materials (see link)
My district doesn’t have a central
site… Can you recommend one?
Where do I share?
wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking
51. Microsoft Docs.com
IOER (Illinois Open Educational
Resources)
Edmodo Spotlight
Amazon Education
OER Commons
Other platforms: What do I look for?
#GoOpen Platforms
56. Easy to add a CC license
Resources are clearly marked with a
CC license notice
You can search/filter resources by
license or usage rights
You can download the resource in
editable formats
What to look for
58. Title
Author
Source (URL)
License
Name + link, eg. CC BY linked to
https://creativecommons.org/licens
es/by/4.0)
TASL
wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking
60. Raise awareness of the existence of
OER and the benefits for your
students, teachers and parents.
61. Institutional & district support for
adaptation and adoption to ensure
successful adoption of OER.
62. Funding (talk with your State
Legislature) to support the
development or redevelopment of
OER curriculum.
Partner with other States / Districts
(e.g., K12 OER Collaborative)
63. Institutional policies concerning
OER should be developed and
disseminated to help raise
awareness, dispel myths, and to
encourage members of the K-12
community to adopt OER & open
educational practices.
64. The creation and adaptation of
OER should be appropriately
recognized as curricular
innovation and service to the
academic profession during the
promotion process.
65. Money is Shifting to Open
• Governments
• Foundations
• Open license requirements
on grants and contracts…
68. Dr. Cable Green
Director of Open Education
cable@creativecommons.org
twitter: @cgreen
Shifting your District to
Open Educational Resources with:
Meredith Jacob
Assistant Director, PIJIP at American University
mjacob@wcl.american.edu
twitter: @meredithjacob
Jane Park
Director of Platforms & Partnerships
janepark@creativecommons.org
twitter: @janedaily
69. 11 Peer Reviewed Studies:
OER Outcomes vs. Traditional Textbooks
http://openedgroup.org/
Cable does a quick intro. Hold questions. Q&A @ end.
Big remix – with special thanks to:
David Wiley
Nicole Allen
John Hilton
Dave Ernst
David Harris
TJ Bliss
CC BY: David Wiley
CC-BY slide by David Wiley
The ENTIRE INTERNET is free
CC-BY slide by David Wiley
CC-BY slide by David Wiley
CC is the law catching up with the way the internet actually works.
CC-BY image by Creative Commons
CC-BY image by Creative Commons
CC NZ is working with school Boards of Trustees of primary and secondary schools to give teachers permission to CC license works owned by the schools (work for hire).
http://creativecommons.org.nz/ccinschools/
Leicester City Council is the first local government authority in the United Kingdom (UK) to provide 84 community schools with blanket permission to openly license their educational resources.
The council is recommending that school staff use the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to share materials created in the course of their work.
With the free primer textbook, the Ministry wants to address the issue of rising textbook prices (average textbook expenditures by families have risen by almost 50% percent since 2007) as well as end a range of unfair practices by publishers (that forced, for example, parents to purchase new textbooks each year by bundling them into a single volume with exercise books).
The Ministry estimates that parents will save 100 million Złoty (approximately 25m Euro) on textbook expenses in the first year, and up to 700 million złoty (approximately 168m Euro) in 2020. The costs of the free textbooks will be covered from budget funds previously reserved for subsidies to textbook purchases for poor families.
The Ministry will also subsidise, along the free primer textbook, a range of supplementary materials, including exercise books and a foreign language textbook. In following years, the program will be extended so that it will cover grades from 1 to 9. The program will also be integrated with open e-textbooks from the „Digital school” program.
http://oerpolicy.eu/polish-ministry-of-education-releases-an-open-primer-textbook/
saved students an estimated $8.3 million dollars to date, more than quadruple the state’s initial investment
One of the earliest major programs to pursue open textbooks as a textbook affordability strategy comes from Washington State. The state legislature recognized that most of the enrollments in community and technical colleges were concentrated in a small number of courses, and therefore state student financial aid was being used to purchase the same textbooks over and over again each year. So, the legislature appropriated funding for a program called the Open Course Library to outfit the system’s 81 largest enrollment courses with OER and other low-cost materials that faculty could optionally use. So far it has saved students an estimated $8.3 million dollars to date, more than quadruple the state’s initial investment. Those savings will only continue to grow as more colleges, students and instructors make use of the materials.
Allen, Nicole (2014). Back to Facts: Washington's Open Course Library [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.sparc.arl.org/blog/back-facts-washingtons-open-course-library
http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/The%20Billion%20Dollar%20Solution.pdf
Based on the National Center for Education Statistics’
most recent enrollment records, there are more than
11 million full-time undergraduates at institutions of
higher education. With the availability of more than 160
open textbooks right now, we stipulate that every
undergraduate takes at least ONE course for which
there is an open textbook available, each year. From
this stipulation, we can estimate that if every student
had just one of their traditional textbooks replaced with
OER or an open textbook, it would save students in this
country more than $1 billion dollars annually.
This is also a conservative estimate. This savings figure
does not include the fact that most students take two semesters of schooling per year (which would double the estimates of savings), or the fact
that the average full-time student takes as many as 5 or 6 courses per semester.
How do I share? (Jane) - 10 min Easy to share Do you have copyright to the work? Add a CC license? District web site.... OER platforms we recommend; we’re working with Here are 4 things I should look for… Can I add a CC license easily, etc. How do I use others' works?
How do I give credit / attribution? (Jane) Easy to give credit Basics of BY requirement in licenses TASL - easy! What platforms should enable -- automate attribution Point to resource on best practices
How do I share? (Jane) - 10 min Easy to share Do you have copyright to the work? Add a CC license? District web site.... OER platforms we recommend; we’re working with Here are 4 things I should look for… Can I add a CC license easily, etc. How do I use others' works?
How do I give credit / attribution? (Jane) Easy to give credit Basics of BY requirement in licenses TASL - easy! What platforms should enable -- automate attribution Point to resource on best practices
TBD- may leave out
make it easy for authors to add a (non-ND) CC license to their educational resource
making it OER properly mark the (machine-readable) CC licensed OER on the platform
allow the public to Search / Filter results by CC license
allow the public to download (editable versions when available) OER hosted on the platform
How do I give credit / attribution? (Jane) Easy to give credit Basics of BY requirement in licenses TASL - easy! What platforms should enable -- automate attribution Point to resource on best practices
Easy to share
Do you have copyright to the work?
Add a CC license?
District web site....
OER platforms we recommend; we’re working with
Here are 4 things I should look for… Can I add a CC license easily, etc.
Awareness should also be raised of the pedagogical and financial benefits of OER to districts (e.g., cost savings, flexible and permanent access, course performance), teachers (e.g., ability to adapt materials, improved learning outcomes, OER creation as course assignments), and institutions (e.g., retention, completion).
Further education is recommended on copyright laws and Creative Commons licenses, preferably through the support of the Library and/or the District’s Copyright Office.
These policies should ideally be tied to the district’s mission and academic plan.
Know about this trend
Use the free, open content
Q&A on CC licenses and OER (Meredith, Jane, Cable) - 15 min
Across eleven academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (with 48,623 students participated) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks.
Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276.
Across eleven academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (with 48,623 students participated) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks.
Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276.
person icon by Ferran Brown from the Noun Project
Across eleven academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (with 48,623 students participated) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks.
Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276.
person icon by Ferran Brown from the Noun Project
In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,366 students and 2,144 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior.
Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3).
In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,366 students and 2,144 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior.
Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3).
person icon by Ferran Brown from the Noun Project
In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,366 students and 2,144 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior.
Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3).