This presentation discusses Open Educational Resources (OER) and high impact OER adoption. It defines OER as resources with free access and permission for users to retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute. Studies show OER improves affordability and student success compared to commercial textbooks. High impact adoption invigorates pedagogy through reusable assignments and entire OER-based degree programs. The open nature of OER allows new opportunities to enhance teaching and learning.

1. OER 101
David Wiley, PhD
@opencontent

2. Unless otherwise noted
this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0

3. education

4. education =

5. education = sharing

6. sharing

7. what you know

8. sharing

9. feedback

10. sharing

11. encouragement

12. sharing

13. passion

14. sharing

15. yourself

16. “internet”

17. Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

18. unprecedented capacity

19. sharing

20. education = sharing

21. unprecedented capacity

22. education

23. except, it doesn’t

29. ©

30. Copyright
Regulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

31. Internet
Enables
Copyright
Forbids

33. Open Educational Resources

34. Which “open”?

35. open ≈ free

36. free is assumed online

37. open = free + permissions

38. Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

39. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

41. retain is fundamental

42. retain is prerequisite
to revise and remix

43. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

44. Open Educational Resources
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

45. “Faux-pen”
1. Free (possibly gated) access
2. All rights reserved (or stronger)

47. “Closed Until Proven Open”
1. Online resources without an explicit
copyright statement
2. Resources in library databases

48. traditionally © materials
+ internet

50. openly licensed materials
+ internet

52. Internet
Enables
OER
Permits

53. OER Adoption
Replacing whatever was previously in
the “Required Materials” section of your
syllabus with OER

54. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

55. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

57. Textbook Pricing in Context
One Month Access to… Costs…
Netflix – 20k Movies / TV Episodes $7.99 / month
Spotify – 15M Songs $9.99 / month
CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $19.67 / month

58. There is a direct relationship between
textbook costs and student success






60%+ do not purchase textbooks
at some point due to cost
35% take fewer courses due to
textbook cost
31% choose not to register for a
course due to textbook cost
23% regularly go without
textbooks due to cost
14% have dropped a course
due to textbook cost
2012 Florida Virtual Campus student survey

59. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

61. A Multi-Institutional Study of the
Impact of Open Textbook Adoption
on the Learning Outcomes of Post-
secondary Students
Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, and Wiley
Journal of Computing in
Higher Education (2015)

62. Participants
• 4909 treatment
• 11,818 control
• 50 different undergraduate courses
• 130 teachers
• 10 institutions

63. Method
Quasi-experimental design with:
• Propensity score matched groups
• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better;
Credits Enrolled This Term; Credits Enrolled
Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition
• 3 covariates: age, gender, and race

64. Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

65. Credits Taken
Semester OER Users Others Result
Fall 13.29 11.14 t (8101) = 27.81 p < .01
Winter 10.71 9.16 F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

66. Improving Course Throughput Rates
and Open Educational Resources:
Results from the Z Degree Program
at Tidewater Community College
Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams
Accepted International Review
of Research in Open and
Distance Learning

67. Course Throughput Rate
IRRODL (in press)
Drop
Deadline
Withdraw
Deadline
Final
Grade
Students

68. Commercial vs OER
2.3% | 1.8%
9.9% | 8.1%
68% | 74%
(Face to Face)
60% | 66%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

69. Commercial vs OER
4.0% | 1.4%
13.7% | 13.1%
66% | 70%
(Online)
54% | 60%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

70. openedgroup.org/review

71. impact.lumenlearning.com

73. Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function
Mani, Mullainathan, Shafir, and Zhao
Science (2013)

74. Study Design
Participants
• Shoppers in a New Jersey mall
• Sugarcane farmers in India
Test cognitive capacity during financial stress
• Thinking through car repairs ($150 / $1500)
• Before and after harvest

75. Results
• Considering a financial decision affects
people's performance on unrelated spatial
and reasoning tasks.
• Lower-income individuals performed poorly
if the repairs were expensive but did fine if
the cost was low.
• Sugarcane farmers performed the same
tasks better after harvest than before.

76. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

77. 1. Don’t stop at the swap

80. Take advantage of the
additional capabilities (5Rs)

81. 2. Use outcomes as outline

82. Outcome Assessment Resources License
1. Students will
understand
statistical test…
60 second
explainer video
URL 1
Video 1
CC BY
CC BY
2. Students will
analyze data…
Govt data
analysis
URL 1
URL 2
CC BY
CC BY SA
3. … … … …
Create Alignment

83. 3. Rethink your assessments

84. “What does open allow me to do?”

85. Disposable Assignments
Students hate doing them
You hate grading them
Huge wasted opportunity

86. US undergraduates spend
approximately 40 million hours
doing homework every year.

87. Renewable Assignments
Students see value in doing them
You see value in grading them
The work is valuable

88. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsFU3sAlPx4

89. PM4ID

90. Renewable Assignments
Are enabled by the open nature of OER

91. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

92. OER-based Degrees
When elective and required courses
adopt OER so a student can
graduate without ever being asked
to buy a textbook

93. OER-based Degrees

94. In summary…

95. Open Educational Resources
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

96. “Closed Until Proven Open”
1. Online resources without an explicit
copyright statement
2. Resources in library databases

97. High Impact OER Adoption Can:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success,
3. Invigorates pedagogy, and
4. Does it at scale

98. OER 101
@opencontent
david@lumenlearning.com