GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems and is used to integrate, store, edit, analyze, share and display geographic information. GIS works by layering different types of geographic data like raster images and vector data, and uses coordinate systems to project maps onto a two-dimensional plane. Major GIS software providers include ESRI, MapInfo, and Autodesk, while open source tools include GeoServer and PostGIS for storing spatial data in databases. GIS has applications in areas like urban planning, utilities, defense and criminology to help analyze data based on location.

2. GIS

4. What is GIS GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems In the strictest sense, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information. Helps anywhere where “Where?” can help

6. How GIS works? Raster is nothing but a digital image. Vector is a digital stored gemoetry. Vector data can be easier to register, scale, and re-project. This can simplify combining vector layers from different sources. Vector data is more compatible with relational database environments. They can be part of a relational table as a normal column and processed using a multitude of operators. A word about drafting

7. How GIS works? There are two common types of coordinate systems used in GIS: * A global or spherical coordinate system such as latitude-longitude. * A projected coordinate system based on a map projection such as transverse Mercator (along with numerous other map projection models) provide various mechanisms to project maps of the earth's spherical surface onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate plane.

9. GIS DBs and Filetypes Spatial - Spatial supports the object-relational model for representing geometries. This model stores an entire geometry in the Oracle native spatial data type for vector data, SDO_GEOMETRY. INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES( 1, 'cola_a', SDO_GEOMETRY( 2003, -- two-dimensional polygon NULL, NULL, SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,3), -- one rectangle (1003 = exterior) SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(1,1, 5,7) -- only 2 points needed to -- define rectangle (lower left and upper right)

10. GIS DBs and Filetypes PostGIS INSERT INTO geotable ( the_geom, the_name ) VALUES ( ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-126.4 45.32)', 312), 'A Place'); ESRI's Shape Files (.shp), Mapinfo .tab files FME – Feature Manipulation Engine

12. Google Maps Demo A small Google Maps Demo Adding a marker StreetView on Google Maps

13. OpenGS Consortium A Web Map Service (WMS) is a standard protocol for serving georeferenced map images over the Internet that are generated by a map server using data from a GIS database.