This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
An introduction to GIS Data Types. Strengths and weaknesses of raster and vector data are discussed. Also covered is the importance of topology. Concludes with a discussion of the vector-based format of OpenStreetMap data.
What is GIS ?
Dimensions Modeling in GIS ?
GIS Models real word(Raster, Vector)
GIS Challenges ? Data and Tech.
GIS Functionality
Building information modeling (BIM) ?
GIS Components
Spatial Data
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTORRaster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
basic concept of geographic data,GIS and its component,data acquisition ,raster, vector formats,spatial data,topology and data model data output ,GIS applications
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsArti Parab Academics
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
An introduction to GIS Data Types. Strengths and weaknesses of raster and vector data are discussed. Also covered is the importance of topology. Concludes with a discussion of the vector-based format of OpenStreetMap data.
What is GIS ?
Dimensions Modeling in GIS ?
GIS Models real word(Raster, Vector)
GIS Challenges ? Data and Tech.
GIS Functionality
Building information modeling (BIM) ?
GIS Components
Spatial Data
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.This presentation consists of videos and many applications of GIS. The processes and the other parts of GIS is also nicely explained.
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTORRaster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
basic concept of geographic data,GIS and its component,data acquisition ,raster, vector formats,spatial data,topology and data model data output ,GIS applications
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsArti Parab Academics
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 1: Introduction to GIS
GIS is a computer-based tool used and managed by people to efficiently capture, store, integrate, analyze and display spatial (geographically referenced) data & associated attribute data
GIS.INTRODUCTION TO GIS PACKAGES &GEOGRAPHIIC ANALYSISTessaRaju
GIS.HOW GIS WORKS.APPLICATIONS OF GIS.GIS PACKAGES.
TOP 10 GIS SOFTWARE.FATHER OF GIS.USES OF GIS.GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS&SPATIAL ANALYSIS.NASA SATELLITE IMAGE OF KERALA FLOOD.
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
Adjusting OpenMP PageRank : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
For massive graphs that fit in RAM, but not in GPU memory, it is possible to take
advantage of a shared memory system with multiple CPUs, each with multiple cores, to
accelerate pagerank computation. If the NUMA architecture of the system is properly taken
into account with good vertex partitioning, the speedup can be significant. To take steps in
this direction, experiments are conducted to implement pagerank in OpenMP using two
different approaches, uniform and hybrid. The uniform approach runs all primitives required
for pagerank in OpenMP mode (with multiple threads). On the other hand, the hybrid
approach runs certain primitives in sequential mode (i.e., sumAt, multiply).
Unleashing the Power of Data_ Choosing a Trusted Analytics Platform.pdfEnterprise Wired
In this guide, we'll explore the key considerations and features to look for when choosing a Trusted analytics platform that meets your organization's needs and delivers actionable intelligence you can trust.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
3. what is gis ?
GEOGRAPHIC
implies that locations of the data items are known, or can be
calculated, in terms of Geographic co-ordinated(latitude,longitude)
INFORMATION
implies that the data in a GIS are organized to yield useful l
knowledge,often as colored maps and images,but also as
statistical graphics,tables,and various on-screen responses
to interactive queries.
SYSTEM
implies that as GIS is made up from several inter-related and linked
component with different functions. thus,GIS have functinal
capabilities for data capture,input,manipulation,transformation,
visualization,combination,query,analysis,modelling and output.
4. WHAT IS GIS?
where is it?
what else is nearby?
where is the highest concentration of 'x'?
where can i find things with characteristic 'y'?
where is the closest 'z' to my location?
GIS = Geographic Information System
-links databases and maps
-Manages information about places
-Helps answer question such as :
5. GIS
Geographical information system (GIS) is basically
defined as a systematic integration of hardware
and software for capturing, storing, displaying,
updating manipulating and analyzing spatial data.
A technology hardware and software tools
An information handling strategy
The objective : to improve overall decision making
6. Map making and geographic analysis are not new, but a GIS performs
these tasks better and faster than do the old manual methods. And,
before GIS technology, only a few people had the skills necessary to use
geographic information to help with decision making and problem
solving.
GIS
7. Why is GIS unique?
GIS handles SPATIAL information
GIS makes connection between activities
-information referenced by its location in space
based on spatial proximity.
10. COMPONENTS OF A GIS
A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software, data, people, and
methods.
Hardware : it consists of a computer system on which the GIS software will run.
Software: GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store,
analyze, and display geographic information.
People: GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the
system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work.
Method: a successful GIS operates according to a welldesigned plan and
business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to each
organizations.
Data: Geographic data and related tabular data that can be collected in-
house. Digital map forms the basic data input for GIS
11. Data Types in GIS
The data in a GIS can be classified into two main categories:
1. Spatial data
Describes the absolute and relative location of geographic features.
2. Attribute data or Non-spatial data
Describes characteristics of the spatial features. These characteristics
can be quantitative and/or qualitative in nature.
12. The Data Model
Data model is a conceptual description (mental model) of how
spatial data are organized for use by the GIS.
The data model represents a set of guidelines to convert the real
world (called entity) to the digitally and logically represented spatial
objects consisting of the attributes and geometry.
The attributes are managed by thematic or semantic structure while
the geometry is represented by geometric-topological structure.
13. There are two major types of geometric data model ; vector and raster
model.
a. Vector Model Vector model uses discrete points, lines and/or areas
corresponding to discrete objects with name or code number of
attributes.
b. Raster Model Raster model uses regularly spaced grid cells in specfic
sequence. An element of the grid cell is called a pixel (picture cell). The
conventional sequence is row by row from the left to the right and then
line by line from the top to bottom. Every location is given in two
dimensional image coordinates ; pixel number and line number, which
contains a single value of attributes.
14.
15.
16. Professionals in just about any industry can benefit from GIS technology. Here are some of the
most popular examples of industries that use GIS.
Industries That Use GIS Data
Supply Chain – Being able to track inventory shipments can make the
supply chain more effective, thus saving money for businesses.
Insurance – Having the ability to accurately determine risk is vital for
insurance companies. GIS can identify areas that are more likely to
experience earthquakes, floods, or other natural disasters, as well as identify
areas with higher crime rates.
Forestry – GIS systems can collect data to help preserve ecosystems by
identifying species in certain areas, changes in animal populations, and
mapping out things like annual rainfall, temperatures, and the severity and
length of dry seasons.
17. Urban Planning – GIS helps planners better understand the needs of
their city. It allows them to design the city to fill those needs in a way
that will benefit it’s businesses and residents.
Banking – Banks can use GIS to determine where their branches
locations should be or what branches they should close to increase
profitability. It can also help them decide what products are best
suited for their demographics.
Public Health – Public health offices can use GIS to identify areas at
risk for certain diseases. Using this data, they can deploy awareness
campaigns to help educate the citizens of a particular area at risk.
Industries That Use GIS Data