Geothermal Energy is heat (thermal) derived from the earth (geo).
•It is the thermal energy from the earth's core, which is stored in the rock in the earth's crust.
Geothermal energy
Its a very vast growing energy sector in world many country and use this energy for their country
This slide shows how and where it done.
amazing ppt on geothermal energy - how it's extracted ,types of engines ,their description and its pros and cons,future of geothermal energy,technology required etc
Geothermal energy
Its a very vast growing energy sector in world many country and use this energy for their country
This slide shows how and where it done.
amazing ppt on geothermal energy - how it's extracted ,types of engines ,their description and its pros and cons,future of geothermal energy,technology required etc
Geothermal Energy (power point presentaion)Anubhavverma51
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHY EARTH IS HOT
3. SOURCES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
4. EXPLORATION
5. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIA
6. CONVERSION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
7. APPLICATIONS
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
9. CONCLUSION
This Presentation shows what is Geothermal Energy and how can we use it and what are the types of the plant setup can be done and what will be done for this India and how much it generates the power in terms of a watt in India.
geothermal energy .the slides cover every tiny information about geothermal energy .it will give an overall picture of how geothermal energy plays an vital role in our life .how it all originated .its history .the solar water heater and all.it also show shows its importance in future.
Introduction to Geothermal Energy as an effort to spread public awareness on Sustainable Development in accordance with United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
Our earth’s interior - like the sun – provides energy from nature. This heat – geothermal energy – yields warmth and power that we can use without polluting the environment.
Geothermal heat originates from Earth’s fiery consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago. At earth core – 4,000 miles deep – temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees F
This file envelops the complete basics about Earth Air Tube Heat Exchanger. This also covers the guideline regarding the design of Earth Air Tube Heat Exchanger,
Geothermal Energy (power point presentaion)Anubhavverma51
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHY EARTH IS HOT
3. SOURCES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
4. EXPLORATION
5. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIA
6. CONVERSION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
7. APPLICATIONS
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
9. CONCLUSION
This Presentation shows what is Geothermal Energy and how can we use it and what are the types of the plant setup can be done and what will be done for this India and how much it generates the power in terms of a watt in India.
geothermal energy .the slides cover every tiny information about geothermal energy .it will give an overall picture of how geothermal energy plays an vital role in our life .how it all originated .its history .the solar water heater and all.it also show shows its importance in future.
Introduction to Geothermal Energy as an effort to spread public awareness on Sustainable Development in accordance with United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
Our earth’s interior - like the sun – provides energy from nature. This heat – geothermal energy – yields warmth and power that we can use without polluting the environment.
Geothermal heat originates from Earth’s fiery consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago. At earth core – 4,000 miles deep – temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees F
This file envelops the complete basics about Earth Air Tube Heat Exchanger. This also covers the guideline regarding the design of Earth Air Tube Heat Exchanger,
A brief information about Geothermal Energy, Geothermal reservoirs, Extraction and uses, Geothermal Concept, Electricity Generation from it, Renewable energy cost, Alternative energy sources, Pros & Cons, Where does it come from?
Our planet is repleted with vast sum of energy hidden in coalmines,underneath the oceans, or maybe just through wind rolling aroung the atmosphere, springs and teachnology, which I call uranium generated fuel.You will gather knowledge about Geothermal and Nuclear Energy and how they have been a boon and curse to mankind and nature.
Geothermal is a natural gift that is residual heat from the nuclear reactions that have occurred at the beginning of the formation of the earth and the universe
.
Preliminary Survey
The event, which includes the collection, analysis, and presentation of data related to information geological, geophysical, geochemical, to estimate the location and existence of geothermal resources as well as the Work Area.
Geothermal systems:
1).Heat Sources
2).Reservoir and Clay Cap
3). The existence of Hydrology System
Grouping Geothermal :
1. Geothermal Energy "wet steam"
2. Geothermal Energy "Hot Water"
Optimizing Geothermal Resources
Efforts to use other fossil fuels are relatively inexpensive, such as gas and coal reserves of the world, adding to the community's dependence on fixed harness the energy source.Competitive electricity prices do not become less attractive to investors in investing.There have been many government policies that have been developed to increase the utilization of sustainable energy sources. However, to build new plants or even increase the installed capacity in the Work Area Mining (WKP) which has existed just steps still halting.The main obstacle seems today is the lack of integration between national energy policy with the implementation of government and stakeholders to do. It is time for the government to think far ahead, to improve the quality of life of the world to use it, through the heat of the earth as a supplier of electricity.
Marketing Plan presented to the Geothermal Energy Association on January 24, 2010 with strategic, specific ideas for broadening the appeal of geothermal energy production.
This Presentation talks about low cooling strategies for buildings viz. radiant heating/cooling, geothermal heat exchange, rock beds and ground tunnel with examples and climate consideration.
Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) - Case Studies - Economics - Performance - C...Salman Haider
Efficiency Enhancement of a Gas Turbine in Hot climate conditions. Design strategies and technology varieties. Detailed Case Studies of TIAC equipped power plants, economic and performance analysis. Study of Climate effect on GT Performance in three different locations.
This paper will compare the total power consumption of two different means of heating/cooling systems: air and water. For a single 90mm extruder, the total power consumption, output rate, and thermal control will be used to compare the two cooling means. Four different resins will be used.
Department of Mechanical and industrial EngineeringLinaCovington707
Department of Mechanical and industrial Engineering
Graduation Project
Final Written Report Template
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Graduation Project I
Modern methods for improving efficiency in heating and cooling in Green buildings
Team Members:
Ahmed Aldobi
Ahmed Guzlan
Faisal Shlashdah
Mohammed Alesaei
Advisor:
Dr. Tariq Alazab
Fall Semester
2016/17
February 17, 2020
STUDENT DECLARATION OF OWN WORK
We hereby declare and confirm with our signatures that the work submitted in this project final report is exclusively our own. We have taken care in all respect to honor the intellectual property right and have acknowledged the contribution of others through proper citing and referencing in the report. We are fully aware that any copying or improper citation of other work used in this report will be considered plagiarism, which is a clear violation of the Code of Ethics of Applied Science University.
Student’s Name: Ahmed AldobiSignature:Date:
Student’s Name: Ahmed GuzlanSignature:Date:
Student’s Name: Faisal ShlashdahSignature:Date:
Student’s Name: Mohammed AlesaeiSignature:Date:
Abstract:
The concept of green building related to many parameters that is basically interrelated to the building design and structure style, energy efficiency and saving, water management and minimizing any CO2 emission by working systems and occupants within the building. This building style reducing the environmental impact and improve the sustainability and lowering both initial and running costs of building. So, it is really efficient, attractive and got international scientific and technical standardization and implantation in developed countries.
Introduction:
In green building, space heating/cooling, ventilation and air-conditioning are the main areas where considerable amount of energy can be saved. Green building control strategies use various concepts of natural heating/cooling, ventilation and air-conditioning. Heating/cooling of building, air conditioning and ventilation are complimentary to each other and maintain freshness, temperature, comfort level. Air conditioning and ventilation are the main pillar of building heating/cooling process. Efficient ventilation helps to increase efficiency, energy conservation and cure health problems. Ventilation process maintains air quality, supplies fresh air to a space and replaces stale air. It removes bacteria, smoke, moisture, dirty things. Air infiltration should be properly controlled to conserve energy. Process of heating, cooling, ventilation, air conditioning can be achieved by passive/natural or active/artificial or combination of them. In natural the air flows due to natural wind and buoyancy. It conserves the energy and suitable only for day time. It can’t be used during night time and in existence of pollutants. Active/mechanical/artificial ventilation is good for day and night times both for heating/cooling. It provides ...
HOSPITAL
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment..
Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organizations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations.
Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.
Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers.
Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. They may have acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma centre, burn unit, surgery, or urgent care. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:
Emergency department
Cardiology
Intensive care unit
Pediatric intensive care unit
Neonatal intensive care unit
Cardiovascular intensive care unit
Neurology
Oncology
Obstetrics and gynecology
Adolescent medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesia
Cardiac Surgery
Center for Communication Enhancement Critical Care medicine
Dentistry
Dermatology
Division of Developmental medicine Division of Developmental medicine Emergency medicine
Endocrinology Gastroenterology/Nutrition.
General Pediatrics
Genetics
Gynecology
Infectious Diseases
Nephrology
Neurology
Neurosurgery
Newborn medicine
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Plastic and Oral Surgery Psychiatry
Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases
Radiology
Rheumatology
Ophthalmology
Surgery
Urology
Some hospitals will have outpatient departments and some will have chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, ward, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, and on the non-medical side, there often are medical records departments, release of information departments, Information Management (IM)(aka IT or IS), Clinical Engineering (aka Biomed), Facilities Management, Plant Ops (aka Maintenance), Dining Services, and Security departments
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
Housing is one of the basic necessities of life and the right to housing and adequate shelter is guaranteed in the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Constitution of India.
The rapid pace of urbanisation in India has resulted in severe shortage of housing and basic services like potable water, well laid out drainage system, sewerage network, sanitation facilities, electricity, roads and appropriate disposal of solid waste.
AREA OF SCHEME MINIMUM 5 ACRE, MAXIMUM 100 ACRES.
MINIMUM 60% AREA SHALL BE USED FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING & CARPET AREA OF DWELLING UNIT SHALL NOT EXCEED 75 SQM.
40% AREA MAY BE UTILIZED FOR HIG, COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
RECREATIONAL & COMMUNITY FACILITIES.
MINIMUM 20% HOUSES SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR EWS & UG AGAINST HIG UNITS BUT NOT COMPULSARY IN AN EXCLUSIVE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SCHEME.
CEILING COST OF AFFORDABLE HOUSE IN NCR-RS.3000 PER SQ. FT., METRO CITIES-RS.2800 PER SQ.FT. & TOWNS-RS.2500 PER SQ.FT. ON SUPER BUILD UP AREA (TO BE REVISED BASED ON COST INDEX)
Green architecture defines an understanding of environment-friendly architecture under all classifications, and contains some universal consent, It may have many of these characteristics:
x Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling
x Energy-efficient lighting and appliances
x Water-saving plumbing fixtures
x Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy
x Minimal harm to the natural habitat
x Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power
x Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials
x Locally-obtained woods and stone
x Responsibly-harvested woods
x Adaptive reuse of older buildings
x Use of recycled architectural salvage
x Efficient use of space1.Interaction
The relationships between construction site and architecture, green space and architecture, and also with people and form are emphasized here.
2.Form
With the new design thinking and process, concern for sustainable needs and computer aided technology, the form of architecture, or the use of building envelops may be redefined in the digital-green environment.
3.Construction:
With the aid of computer technology and 3D modelling techniques
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
India needs about 19 million low-cost homes - roughly defined as costing a million rupees ($16,700) and below - to shelter an urban population expected to nearly double to 600 million by 2030 from 2011.
Samajwadi Awas Yojana is one the most popular and affordable government scheme which is launched for urban areas for full filling the needs of Houses in very affordable price for different categories of Uttar pradesh.
Uttar pradesh government initiated this samajwadi avas yojana by the help of Public private partnership. Chief Minister of uttar pradesh has already given there approval regarding the Samajwadi Avas Vikas Yojana.
Environment has positive
effects on human behaviour.
The Environment we live in
provides us all the natural
resources necessary for human
survival for instance-food,
minerals, water, land ,air etc.
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
More from Hamzah Meraj, Faculty of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New delhi (20)
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Geothermal Energy Systems
1. Geothermal Energy Systems
Guided by:
Ar.Firoz Anwar
ContemporaryTechnology
Presented by:
Md Waseem Reza
Mohd. Khalid Raza
M.Arch, I Sem.
(Building Services)
2. Direct
Industrial &
Domestic heating
HVAC
Mineral recovery
Greenhouses
Indirect
Electricity
generation
Geothermal Energy
• Geothermal Energy is heat (thermal)
derived from the earth (geo).
•It is the thermal energy from the
earth's core, which is stored in the
rock in the earth's crust.
DefinitionApplicationsAdvantages
• Renewable
•Environment friendly
•Sustainable
•Cost effective
Worldwide use of Geothermal Energy for Direct use
Source: www.geofund.info/uploads/images/geofund%20images/geothermal_energy_utilization.JPG
Limitations:
• Not every area has accessible
geothermal sources.
•Green house gases emission.
•Localized Depletion
Hot water spring Geothermal Power Plant
Presented by: Md Waseem Reza & Mohd khalid Raza Slide Number: 1.
3. Geothermal Energy Systems
• Systems that utilizes the thermal energy stored in
earth.
Principle
• Earth behaves as a huge collector-
cum-storage medium.
• Beyond 4 m depth earth
temperature remains constant ( equal
to mean air temperature at surface),
since it absorbs only 50% of all solar
energy
Waysoftapping
Geothermal
energy
indirect
coupling
Earth air
tunnel
Geothermal
exchange
systems
direct coupling
earth envelope
Geothermal Gradient
Source: http://www3.uakron.edu/geology/Foos/Energy/1geot9.gif&imgrefur
Slide Number: 2.
Earth’s Temperatures
4. • Architectural practice of using earth
against building walls.
•Passive solar & sustainable
architecture.
Definition
Direct coupling- earth envelopes
• Earth berming
•In-hill construction
•Underground/fully recessed
construction
Typology
• Taking advantage of the earth as a
thermal mass.
•Offering extra protection from the
natural elements
•Energy savings
•Efficient use of land in urban
settings
•Shelters have low maintenance
requirements
Advantages
• Water seepage
•Internal condensation
•Bad acoustics
•Poor indoor air quality.
•Requires heavier construction than
conventional building techniques
Limitations
Earth sheltering
In-hill construction
Earth berming
underground/fully recessed
Cross-section
Slide Number: 3.
5. • An active technique that applies geothermal energy in required purposes using ground source exchange.
Indirect coupling – Geothermal exchange systems
Ground Loop system Heat Transfer fluid Heat Pump Air distribution
system
ComponentsWorking
Circulation of fluid through pipes
buried in ground
Exchange of heat either-way ( from
fluid to earth or vice-versa)
Electrically driven concentrates this
energy & release it at desired
temperature
Distribution through various
distribution systems
Slide Number: 4.
6. The earth connection is where heat transfer between the GSHP system and the soil occurs.
Ground loop system
Types
Ground loop
system
Closed loop
Horizontal
Vertical
Slinky
Pond
Open loop
Well to Well
Slide Number: 5.
7. • Central heating and/or cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground
Geothermal heat pump
Classification
Geothermal
heat pumps
Function
based
Heating
Cooling
Domestic water
heating
Ventilation
Drying
Heat recovery
Heat source
based
Ground
Ground
water
Surface
water
Air
Exhaust
air
Working
fluid based
Unit
construction
based
Brine/water
Water/water
Direct
expansion/w
ater
Air/water
Air/air
Compact, split
Installation
location (indoor,
outdoor)
Compressor heat
pump
Absorption heat
pump
Number of
compression
stages
Desuper heater
Absorption heat pump
Air to air
Water to water
Slide Number: 6.
9. Components – Heat Transfer Fluid & Distribution system
•It is the refrigerant that circulates throughout the loop
• The decision to use water or antifreeze(propylene glycol, denatured alcohol or methanol) in the loop system depends
on a number of factors, such as the type of loop system installed and local conditions.
•Most residential geothermal systems use conventional ductwork to distribute hot or cold air and to provide humidity
control.
•A few systems use water-to-water heat pumps with one or more fan-coil units, baseboard radiators, or under-floor
circulating pipes.
• Properly sized, constructed, and sealed ducts are essential to maintain system efficiency.
• Ducts must be well insulated and, whenever possible, located inside of the building's thermal envelope).
Workingsystems
Hydronic heating systems.
•Also known as forced air
distribution systems
•Hot water is circulated through
radiators or a system of in-floor
pipes to provide heat.
Forced air system
•A fan in the heat pump blows over
a fan coil and the heated or cooled
air is circulated throughout the
house or building.
•Most common as they tend to be
the most economical and they also
provide both heating and cooling
functions.
Distributionsystem
Slide Number: 8.
10. Summary- Geothermal Exchange Systems
Vertical ground loop system
Vertical pipe connected to heat
pump
Heat pump
Slide Number: 9.
12. Comparative with conventional systems
Same system can
be used for more
cooling area
Low Tonnage
requirement Reduced capacity Increased
economy
Lesser run time of
system
Reduced power
consumption upto
20-30%
Lower operational
costs
Increased
economy
Slide Number: 10.
13. Comparison with conventional systems
Advantages
Environmental benefits
Operating cost
Self sufficient
Non-flamability
Sustanibility
Retrofit
Multiple functions
Durable and highly
reliable
Low Noise
Unobstrutive
Assured Availability
Disadvantages
High installation costs
Cumbersome
Installation
Heavy machinery
required
Space requirement for
loops
Greater pay back
period
Frost time difficulties
in some countries.
Not every area has
accessible geothermal
sources.
ArchitecturalAdvantages
Space saving benefits
Elevational
considerations
Reduction in overall
load requirement of
building
Reduced ducting
requirements
Overall low initial and
running cost
Slide Number: 11.
14. Practical applications in India
TheIndianContext
•In India ground sink temperature remains between 20-25˚C.
•Enough load temperature is not available.
•Practical use merely limited to precooling fresh air to be used by conventional air-conditioning system.
•The system may be effective in peak summers and winters but fails in monsoon.
•Refrigerant- based dehumidifiers/ chillers need to be used in addition.
•Not extensively used in India.
Slide Number: 12.
15. • A passive technique consisting of a tunnel for passage
of calculated amount of air for the purpose of HVAC of a
space using natural heat of the earth, 4 m below the
earth surface.
•Also known as ground- coupled heat exchanger or earth-
tube heat exchanger.
•Used for either partial or full cooling and/or heating of
facility ventilation air
Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
Earth
Air
Tunnel
Open
loop
System
Closed
Loop
System
Combination
system
Types
Space to be
conditioned Surface
OverviewPrinciple
•Uses constant air temperature
below 4 m of earth’ surface.
•Air blown through long cement of
metal tubes buried in earth.
•Heat Dissipated through surface
contact.
•Conditioned air supplied to space
Earth Air Tunnel
4 m
Open System
Space to be
conditioned
Surface
U bend Earth Air Tunnel
Closed System
Space to be
conditioned
Surface
Earth Air Tunnel
Combination System
Slide Number: 13.
16. Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
Inlet Inline fan
(optional) Filter
Concrete/plastic
coated metal/ plastic
coated with
antimicrobial layer
tubes acting as tunnel
Outlet Blower
Air
Handling
Unit
(optional)
Air
distribution
system
Air
exhaust
system
ComponentsWorking
Fresh Air sucked in through inlet.
Inlet air filtered
(mechanically/ natural filters)
Air passed through the length of
tunnel. Heat gained/ lost through
surface contact
Conditioned air supplied to AHU
through blowers
AHU contains evaporative
coolers(summers)/dehumidifiers
(monsoons)/ chillers/cooling pads.
Air Distribution, circulation and re-
circulation of return air
Air Exhaust through solar
chimneys/ exhausts
Schematics Earth Air Tunnel
Slide Number: 14.
17. Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
Efficiency
Efficiency
Surface Area available
for contact
Length of tube
Diameter of
tube
Soil Type Clayey Soil is most effective.
Sandy soil is least
Season
Works best in dry summer
and winters
Soil Conditions
Depth of water
table
Depth of tunnel
Surface
conditions Shady, sunlit, wet, dry,
combination
Efficiency of EAT
Slide Number: 15.
18. Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
Advantages
Cost saving
Reduces air pollution
Energy saver
Reduces green house
gases
100% fresh air without
recirculation
Retrofit
Durable
Low Noise
Unobtrusive
Assured Availability
High installation costs
Cumbersome Installation
Subject to climate
Need add-ons to achieve
effective conditioning
Large space required
Frost time difficulties in
some countries.
Not every area has
accessible geothermal
sources.
Long payback period
Limitations
Slide Number: 16.
19. Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
Entire Scheme and passive
factors effecting it
Slide Number: 17.
20. Practical application in India
NIITUniversity,Neemrana,Rajasthan
•EAT used for P.G. hostels and Academic
block.
•Tunnels cool outside air from 44/360C to
280C.
•18 tunnels to handle 2 Lac CFM
•Each Tunnel 90m long to handle 12000
CFM -18000 CFM
•8 air change/Hrs. in Peak Summer and 3
air change/Hrs. during Monsoon & Winter
•Displacement Ventilation for Proper Air
Circulation
•Special AHUs for recooling &
Dehumidifying air for each Tunnel.
Slide Number: 18.
TUNNEL LAYOUT ON SITE
Source: http://nma-design.com/green-school/index_htm_files/8%20Vinod%20Gupta%20-%20NIIT%20Campus.pdf
21. Indirect coupling – Earth Air Tunnel
RETREAT,GualPahari
•EAT used for south block living
quarters.
•Tunnels cool outside air from to 30-
280C.
•4 tunnels to handle 6,000CFM
•Each Tunnel 70 m with 70 cm dia.
•4 fans 2 HPeach force air in.
•Solar chimney force air out.
•Supplemented by 10 TR
dehumidifier and chillers.
Slide Number: 19.
22. Electricity Generation
There are 3 types of power plants:-
Dry steam power plant
Flash steam power plant
Binary cycle power plant
Slide Number: 20.
• Earth’s core heat
• Water → steam → drive electrical generators
• Turbines
• Area specific
• Geothermal energy is localized
Geothermal energy is simply power derived from the Earth's internal
heat. This thermal energy is contained in the rock and fluids beneath
Earth's crust. It can be found from shallow ground to several miles
below the surface, and even farther down to the extremely hot
molten rock called magma.
These underground reservoirs of steam and hot water can be tapped
to generate electricity.
Geothermal power plant
Most power plants need steam to generate electricity. The steam
rotates a turbine that activates a generator, which produces
electricity. Many power plants still use fossil fuels to boil water for
steam. Geothermal power plants, however, use steam produced from
reservoirs of hot water found a couple of miles or more below the
Earth's surface. There are three types of geothermal power
plants: dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle.
Source http://geo-energy.org/Basics.aspx
23. Steam is produced directlyfrom the geothermal reservoir to run the turbines
that power the generator, and no separation is necessary because wells only
produce steam.
This is the oldest type ofgeothermal power plant. It was first used at Lardarello
in Italyin 1904.
Dry Steam Power Plant
Geothermally heated water under pressure is separated in a surface
vessel (called a steam separator) into steam and hot water (called “brine).
The steam is delivered to the turbine, and the turbine powers a
generator. The liquid is injected back into the reservoir.
Flash Power Plant
Slide Number: 21.
Source http://geo-energy.org/Basics.aspx
24. The geothermal water heats another liquid, such as isobutane or other organic
fluids such as pentafluoropropane, which boils at a lower temperature than water.
The two liquids are kept completely separate through the use of a heat
exchanger, which transfers the heat energy from the geothermal water to the
working fluid.
The secondary fluid expands into gaseous vapor. The force of the
expanding vapor, like steam, turns the turbines that power the generators. All
of the produced geothermal water is injected back into the reservoir.
Binary Power Plant
Slide Number: 22.
Source http://geo-energy.org/Basics.aspx
25. Environmental Impacts
• Land
– Vegetation loss
– Soil erosion
– Landslides
• Air
– Slight air heating
– Local fogging
• Ground
– Reservoir cooling
Seismicity (tremors)
Advantages of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy is a renewable source of energy.
By far, it is non-polluting and environment friendly.
There is no wastage or generation of by-products.
Maintenance cost of geothermal power plants is very less.
Geothermal power plants don't occupy too much space and thus help in
protecting natural environment.
Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on the weather conditions.
Slide Number: 23.
26. Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
Only few sites have the potential of Geothermal Energy.
Most of the sites, where geothermal energy is produced, are far from markets or cities, where it needs
to be consumed.
There is always a danger of eruption of volcano.
Installation cost of steam power plant is very high.
There is no guarantee that the amount of energy which is produced will justify the capital expenditure
and operations costs.
It may release some harmful, poisonous gases that can escape through the holes drilled during
construction.
Slide Number: 24.
28. Bibliography
•Energy efficient buildings in India, by Mili Majumdar, TERI, India, Ministry of
Non-conventional energy sources, pg. 115
•Performance evaluation and energy conservation potential of earth air tunnel
system coupled with non air- conditioned building : Building & environment by,
Kumar, R. Ramesh, S. Kaushik
•Geothermal heat pumps: a guide for planning & installing by Karl Ochsner,
Earthsean Publishers , U.K.
BooksReferred:
• www. Wikipedia.com
•www.indiaarchitectureinfo.com
Websites: