This document discusses geothermal resources and classifications of geothermal power plants. It defines geothermal resources as the natural heat of the earth and energy present below the surface. New Zealand is known for its geothermal attractions, with 70% of its geothermal systems located in the Waikato Region. Geothermal resources include thermal energy in rocks, hot lakes/springs, unique organisms. Geothermal power plants are classified based on the geothermal fluid used and thermodynamic cycle. Types include steam, hot dry rock, flashed steam, binary liquid dominated, binary with hot brine, and total flow plants. Geothermal plants operate continuously as base load power and require time to reach rated production

1. SEMINAR
SUBMITTED
BY
ALBY VARGHESE
ROLL NO: 6

2. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES

3. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
• GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES means the natural heat of the earth ,the
energy ,in whatever form below the surface of the earth present in , resulting
from ,or created by ,or which may be extracted from ,the natural heat ,and
all minerals in solution or other products obtained from naturally heated
fluids ,brines ,associated gasses and steam ,in whatever form ,found below
the surface of the earth , exclusive of oil ,hydrocarbon gas ,helium or other
hydrocarbon substances ,but including ,specifically

4. New Zealand is known world wide for its
outstanding geothermal attractions
The WAIKATO REGION contains 70
Per cent of new Zealand’s geothermal systems

5. OUR GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE INCLUDES :
• Thermal energy contained in the rocks deep in the earth and carried by water
• Hot lakes ,streams and mineralized fluids
• Fragile and unique crystalline structures
• Streaming ground and fumeroles
• Boiling mud pools
• Hot springs
• The unique plants ,animals and micro organisms that live there.

6. Classification of geothermal power plants :
Geothermal power plants are of several types. They are classified
on the basis of
# Geothermal fluid used
# Thermodynamic cycle adopted

7. CLASSIFICATION
1. STEAM GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS :
It is called vapour dominated geothermal power plant . Geothermal
Fluid is steam

8. 2. PETRO GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
It is also called HOT DRY ROCK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT .
Thermal energy in hot dry geological rock is extracted by circulating water
through artificial fracture in hot dry rock . Steam turbine is used as prime
mover

9. 3. FLASHED STEAM GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
It is a type of LIQUID DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLANT . The geothermal fluid mixture of water and
steam at temperature more than 180° C and with low content of
dissolved minerals . Steam turbine is the prime mover .

10. 4. BINARY LIQUID DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLAND
The geothermal fluid is mixture of water and steam at
temperature less than 150° C .The geothermal fluid cycle is different
from the working fluid cycle . The geothermal heat is exchanged
with the working fluid of low boiling point in a heat exchanger gas
turbine drives the generator shaft .

11. 5. BINARY CYCLE GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT WITH HOT BRINE
When geothermal fluid is liquid with high mineral content , binary cycle
similar to serial number is preferred .

12. 6. TOTAL FLOW GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT
The entire geothermal fluid is passed through the spherical turbine . Such
system is used when the geothermal fluid has very high content of mud
,dissolved minerals etc. Geothermal power plants are operated continuously as
base load power plants . Productions wells require a few hours from start to
reach the rated level of delivery . Thermal equipment are loaded gradually . In
the beginning , the geothermal fluids contain excessive particulate and dirt .
After a few hours the quality of production fluid is improved . Hence frequent
restarts must be avoided

13. THANK YOU