describe all component of raod and road geomatric

2. HIGHWAY
 Highway is any
public road or other
public way on land. It is
used for major roads, but
also includes other public
roads and public tracks

3. HIGHWAYENGG
 Highway engineering is an engineering discipline
branching from civil engineering that involves the
planning, design, construction, operation, and
maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to
ensure safe and effective transportation of people
and goods.

4. ROAD GEOMATRICS
The proper planning ,design and fixing up
of visible dimension of highway for
providing optimum speed, comfort and
maximum safety to road user at a
minimum operation cost is road
geometrics.

5. VARIOUS ELEMENT OF ROAD
GEOMETRIC
 RIGHT OF WAY
 FORMATION WIDTH
 ROAD MARGIN
 CARRAIGE WAY
 SHOULDER
 SIDE SLOPES
 MEDIANS
 KERBS
 CAMBER
 GRADIENT

6. RIGHTOF WAY
 A right-of-way (ROW) is a right to make a way
over a piece of land, usually to and from another
piece of land. A right of way is a type
ofeasement granted or reserved over the land
for transportation purposes

8. FORMATIONWIDTH
 The formation width of a road is the sum of
the widths of medians + lanes + verges + shoulders. In
the Northern Territory road formation width is defined
as: "The width of cut or fill, including table drains, out. to
the points of any batters

10. ROAD MARGIN
 The portion of the road beyond the carriageway
and on the roadway can be generally called road
margin. Various elements that form the road
marginsare given below.

11. CARRIAGEWAY
 A carriageway or roadway consists of a width
of road on which a vehicle is not restricted by any
physical barriers or separation to move laterally. A
carriageway generally consists of a number
of traffic lanes together with any
associated shoulder, but may be a sole lane in
width (for example, a highway offramp).

12. CARRIAGEWAY

13. SHOULDER
 Shoulders are the parts of the formation width
except carriage ways. In other words, shoulder is
the part of the pavement which is non-surfaced.
 They are used by the vehicular traffic as the
emergency lanes or sometimes as the service
lanes for the repairing of the non-expected
problems. IRC recommends a minimum value 2.5
m for the shoulders for two lane rural roads. A width
of 4.6 m is recommended so that a truck can be
accommodated without interfering with the adjacent
lane.

14. SHOULDER

15. SIDE SLOPE
 A proper, flatter/gentle side slopes are necessary in
case of filling or cutting for the stability of the
pavements. If possible they must be provided with
the landscaping so making them a pleasant and
aesthetic appearance and making more stable.

16. SIDE SLOPE

17. MEDIANS
 The median strip or central reservation is the
reserved area that separates
opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways,
such as divided highways,dual
carriageways, freeways, and motorways. The
term also applies to divided roadways other
than highways, such as some major streets in
urban or suburban areas. The reserved area
may simply be paved, but commonly it is
adapted to other functions; for example, it may
accommodate decorativelandscaping, trees,
a median barrier or railway, light
rail or streetcar lines.

19. KERB
 Kerb is a line of stone or concrete forming an
edge between a pavement and a roadway, so
that the pavement is some 15 cm above the
level of the road

20. CAMBER
 The convexity or curvature of the road to avoid
staying of water is known as camber. The
highest point of camber is known as crown.

21. GRADIENT
 The grade (also called slope, incline, gradient,
mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature,
landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of
the angle of that surface to the horizontal. It is a
special case of the slope, where zero indicates
horizontality.

22. PAVEMENT
 A highway pavement is a structure consisting of
superimposed layers of processed materials above
the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function
is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-
grade. The pavement structure should be able to
provide a surface of acceptable riding quality,
adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting
characteristics, and low noise pollution. The
ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted
stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced,
so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the
sub-grade.

23. TYPES OF PAVEMENT
There are two types of pavement are:-
 Flexible pavement
 Rigid pavement

24. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
 Flexible pavement is composed of a bituminous material
surface course and underlying base and subbase
courses. The bituminous material is more often asphalt
whose viscous nature allows significant plastic
deformation. Most asphalt surfaces are built on a gravel
base, although some 'full depth' asphalt surfaces are
built directly on the subgrade. Depending on the
temperature at which it is applied, asphalt is categorized
as hot mix asphalt (HMA), warm mix asphalt, or cold mix
asphalt. Flexible Pavement is so named as the
pavement surface reflects the total deflection of all
subsequent layers due to the traffic load acting upon it.
The flexible pavement design is based on the load
distributing characteristics of a layered system.

26. RIGID PAVEMENT
 Rigid pavements are generally used in constructing
airports and major highways, such as those in
the interstate highway system. In addition, they
commonly serve as heavy-duty industrial floor slabs,
port and harbor yard pavements, and heavy-vehicle
park or terminal pavements. Like flexible pavements,
rigid highway pavements are designed as all-weather,
long-lasting structures to serve modern day high-speed
traffic. Offering high quality riding surfaces for safe
vehicular travel, they function as structural layers to
distribute vehicular wheel loads in such a manner that
the induced stresses transmitted to the subgrade soil
are of acceptable magnitudes.

28. ITS REPRESENTED BY SUMIT KUMAR