The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes from 1946-1957 and were large, expensive, unreliable, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors from 1956-1963, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1970 used integrated circuits, improving speed and memory while reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present used microprocessors and VLSI chips, making computers smaller, more powerful, and affordable with a variety of software. The goal of the ongoing fifth generation is to develop artificial intelligence for natural language understanding and thinking capabilities.

1. “GENERATION OF
COMPUTERS”
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2. GENERATIONS OF COPMUTERS
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3. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
 First generation (Vacuum tube) 1946-1957
 Second generation (Transistors) 1956-1963
 Third generation (Integrated chips) 1964-1970
 Fourth generation (Microprocessor) 1971-Present
 Fifth generation (Artificial intelligence) Present and Future
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4. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS (1946-1957)
 Vacuum tubes were used in first
generation computers. Vacuum
tubes generated so much heat that
they had to be cooled by air
conditioner. Vacuum tubes burnt
out very often and it was difficult to
repair and maintain the computers
of first generation.
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5. Characteristics of first generation computers
 Vacuum tube technology
 Slow in speed
 Huge size
 Expensive and unreliable
 Consumed lot of electricity
 Generated lot of heat
 Input based on punched cards
 Supported machine language only.
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6. Some computers of this generation were:
 ENIAC
 UNIVAC
 EDSAC
 MARK 1
 IMB 604
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7. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1956-1963)
 In 1947, three scientists, William
Shockley, John Bradeen and Walter
Brattain invented transistors. Transistors
functions like a vacuum tube. It
replaced the vacuum tubes in second
generation computers. Transistors was
faster, more reliable, smaller and much
cheaper than vacuum tube.
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8. Characteristics of second generation computers
 Use of transistors
 Smaller size as compared to first
generation computers
 Faster than first generation
computers
 Reliable as compared to First
generation computers
 Reliable as compared to First
generation computers
 Second generation computers used
punched cards readers, magnetic
tapes, magnetic disks and printers
 Support machine and assembly
languages.
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9. Some computers of this generation were:
 UNIVAC 2
 IBM 7030
 IBM 7780
 IBM 7090
 Control Data Corporation’s CDC 1604
computers.
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10. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS (1963-1970)
 Integrated Circuits (ICs), also known
as semiconductor chips were used in
third generation of computers
instead of transistors. IC chips were
developed in early 1960s. A single IC
chip contained large number of
transistors. IC chips increased the
power and decreased the cost of
computers. Invention of IC chips was
a great breakthrough in advancing
computer technology.
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11. Characteristics of third generation computers
 IC used
 The IC chips improved the speed and
memory of computers
 Consumed less electricity
 Cheaper and more reliable than
second generation computers
 Keyboard and monitors were used
with the computer
 Support high level languages.
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12. Some computers of this generation were:
 UNIVAC 1108
 IBM System/360
 IBM 370
 UNIVAC 9000 etc.
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13. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (1971-PRESENT)
 In this generation of computers LSI
(Large Scale Integration) and VLSI
(Very Large Scale Integration) chips
having millions of transistors were
developed. Microprocessor was also
developed in fourth generation
computers. A microprocessor is a
single chip that all can handle all the
processing of a computer.
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14. Characteristics of fourth generation computers:
 VLSI technology used
 Microprocessor are small in size
 Very reliable
 Consume less power and are
affordable
 Large variety of software is available
for use
 Operating system having Graphical
User Interface (GUI)
 These computers support multimedia
software
 These computers support modern
programming languages
 Support a large variety of portable
and wireless input/output devices.
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15. Some computers of this generation were:
 IBM ThinkPad series
 HP Pavilion series
 Dell Inspiron series
 Apple’s MacBook Pro
 MacBook Air series
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16. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (PRESENT AND
BEYOND)
 The goal of fifth generation
computer is to develop devices that
can develop devices that can
understand natural language and
have thinking power. This is a big
challenge for computer developers
and programmers to design such
systems and software for them.
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17. Characteristics of fifth generation computers
 Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 AI will minimize the need to write
programs
 These computers will allow users to
give command in any natural
language such as English.
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18. Some computers of this generation were:
 Robots
 Expert systems.
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19. Thank you!!!
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