The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive, and consumed significant electricity. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, more reliable, and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers faster, smaller, cheaper, and more powerful. The fourth generation used microprocessors and microchips, resulting in smaller, more portable personal computers. The fifth generation involves artificial intelligence through technologies like robotics, speech recognition, and vision recognition.

1. MAHENDRA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
Paper Presentation of Generation of Computer

2. GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

3. GENERATION
 The state of improvement in the development of a
product
 It is the stage of technological development or
innovation
 Every new generation has small and more advanced
than previous one.
 New discoveries are constantly being developed .

4. Computers Generation

5. Computer Generation
First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes
 Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors
Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated
Circuits
Fourth Generation - 1971-Present:
Microprocessors
Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond:
Artificial Intelligence

6. First Generation Computers
1940-1956

7. First Generation Computers
Vacuum tubes
 Devices Used : Vacuum Tubes
 Period : 1940-1956
 Size : Very Huge (Size of 3 room )
 3.5 KW of electricity per day
 Binary coded language used(‘0’s and ‘1’s)
 Input: Punch cards and paper tape
 Processing : Very Slow (microseconds )
 Output: Printouts
Examples : UNIVAC ,EDVAC , EDSAC,ENIAC

8. Characteristics of First Generation
Computers
 Vacuum tube based on Technology
 Supported Machine language only
 Very costly
 Generate lot of heat
 Need of A.C
 Slow Input/Output device
 Huge size
 .Non-portable
 Consumed lot of electricity

10. Second Generation Computer

11. Second Generation Computer
Transistor
 Period: 1957-1963
 Device Used : Transistors
 Size: Smaller than first generation of computer
 Input and Output: Punch Card
 Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation
computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 A.C. needed
 Support machine and assembly languages(COBAL and FORTRAN)
 Example: IBM 1620,IBM 7094,UNIVAC 1108

13. Characteristics of Second Generation
Computer
 Transistor based on technology
 Processing Speed :milliseconds
 Smaller in size
 Reliable and prone to hardware failure
 Portable
 Generate less amount of heat
 Easier to program

14. Third Generation Computer
Integrated Circuits (IC’s)

15. Third Generation Computer
IC’S
 Period : 1963 to 1975
 Device Use : Integrated Circuits
 Technology : ICs Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits
on a single chip
 Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers
 Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers
 Input: Keyboard
 Output: Monitor
 Example: IBM-360 series,IBM-370/168TDC-316

16. Characteristics of third generation
computer
 IC used
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Smaller size
 Faster (nanoseconds)
 Lesser maintenance
 More reliable
 Still costly
 Generate less heat
 A.C. needed
 Support high-level language

18. Fourth Generation Computer
Microprocessors

19. Fourth Generation Computer
Microprocessors
 Period : After 1972 to present
 Size : Very small size
 Devices Used : Silicon Chips
 LSI and VLSI technology used
 Processing : Faster
 High level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming) used
 Semiconductor memory devices used
 GUI’s and OS used
 Example: Apple II,CRAY – 1 and Altair 8800

20. IC’s

21. Characteristics of Fourth Generation
Computer
 LSI and VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PC's
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No A.C. needed
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Less maintenance

23. Fifth Generation
Artificial Intelligence

24. Fifth Generation
 Period : Present and Beyond
 Devices Used : Superconducters
 Technology used: SLSI
 Size : Very small
 Examples :
 Robots
 Speech Recognition
 Vision Recognition

26. Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence
 Less power consumption .
 High performance,
 lower cost and very compact.
 Portable note book computers introduced .
 Memory chips up to 1 GB.
 Hard disk drives up to 180 GB
 Optical disks up to 27 GB are available (still the capacity is increasing) .

27. Artificial intelligence includes:
Games Playing
programming computers to play games such as chess and
checkers.

28. Thankyou……..