The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and included the ENIAC computer. The second generation used transistors, which were more reliable than vacuum tubes. The third generation used integrated circuits, which were smaller than transistors. The fourth generation used microprocessors, which contained the CPU on a single chip. The fifth generation includes modern computers with artificial intelligence capabilities. Today's computers are classified as fourth generation and have tremendous processing power and data storage.

1. BY

2. FIRST GENERATIONS 1946- 1958

3. 1st Generation (1946-58)
Vacuum Tubes (ENIAC)
• America got its first glimpse of
ENIAC in 1946.
• ENIAC was built by Eckert and
Mauchly.
• ENIAC was announced on February
14th,1946.
• It was first introduced to the
Army. The ENIAC museumonline

4. FIRST GENERATION,
1946 – 1958: THE VACUUM TUBE
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a tabulating
machine which won the contest for the fastest
machine which could count the US 1890 census.
VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size of light
bulbs.

5. • In 1949 Wilkes assembled
the EDSAC.
• Mark 1 Computer used
Williams memory in 1949.
• Forrester installed
magnetic memory in
1953.
• The 701 was shipped in
1953.
The EDSAC
www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~edsac/

6. DISADVANTAGES:
• They generate more heat causing
many problems in temperature
regulation and climate control.
• Tubes were subject to frequent
burn-out.

7. SECOND GENERATION,
1959 – 1964: THE TRANSISTOR
The year 1959 marked the invention of transistors, which
characterized the second generation of computers.
TRANSISTOR – was a three-legged component which
shrunk the size of the first generation computers.
Occupied only 1/100th of the space occupied by a
vacuum tube
More reliable, had greater computational speed, required
no warm-up time and consumed far less electricity.

8. • Transistors
• Magnetic Cores
• 32,000 bits
• Punch Cards
• CDC, GE, IBM

9. 2ND GENERATION (1959-64)
TRANSISTORS
• IBM’s 7000seris,the
first transistorized
computers.
• IBM had an 81.2%
share of the
computer market.
• IBM announced the
System/360.
www.piercefuller.com

10. • Silicon Chips (Integrated circuits)= IC
• Cores, IC’s
• 128,000 bits
• Keyboard Entry
• IBM, NCR, Honeywell

11. THIRD GENERATION,
1965 – 1974: THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Third generation computers arose in 1965
with the invention of smaller electronic
circuits called integrated circuits (IC’S)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square silicon
chips containing circuitry that can
perform the functions of hundreds of
transistors.

12. 3RD GENERATION (1965-74)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
• Digital Equipment Corp.
introduced the PDP-8.
• The PDP-8 was the 1st
commercially
successful mini-
computer.
• PARC invented the
personal computer
graphical user
interface.
nobelprize.o
rg/educatio
nal_games/
physics/inte
grated_circu
it/history/in
dex.html

13. ADVANTAGES:
• RELIABILITY – Unlike vacuum tubes,
silicon will not break down easily. It is
very seldom that you will have to replace
it.
• LOW COST – Silicon chips are relatively
cheap because of their small size and
availability in the market. It also
consumes less electricity.

14. • Silicon Chips (Large scale integrated circuits)=LSI
• IC’s, LSI’s
• 100 million bits
• Read programs off disks
• Apple, Xerox, Texas Instrument, Hewlett-Packard

15. 4TH GENERATION(1975-1989)
MICROPROCESSOR
• Kenbak-1, 1st
personal computer
• Ray Tomlinson sent
the first e-mail.
• IBM invented the
8in. Floppy disk.
www.comput
erhistor.com
Microsoft office clipart
www.piercefuller
.com

16. FOURTH GENERATION,
1975 – PRESENT: THE MICROPROCESSOR
• Marked by the use of microprocessor
• MICROPROCESSOR – is a silicon chip that
contains the CPU – part of the computer
where all processing takes place.
4004 chip – was the first microprocessor
introduced by Intel Corporation.

17. • Silicon Chips ( Very Large Integrated Circuits) VLSI
• LSI’s, VLSI’s
• Unlimited
• CdRom, Optical Disk
• NEC, Packard Bell, Compaq, Other Clones

18. 5TH GENERATION (PRESENT AND BEYOND)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• A.I. is trying to comprehend
intelligence.
• A.I is still being created today.
• Alan Turing developed the Turing Test
in 1950.
www.essortment.
com

19. 5TH GENERATIONS COMPUTERS

20. TODAY’S COMPUTER
• is classified as fourth generation
computers.
• faster, more powerful, tremendous data
storage and processing capacity
• new brands and models would come out
the market almost every other month.
• many clones or imitations of the IBM
have become even more powerful and a
lot cheaper.

21. Necessity of Computer Today

22. REFERENCE
www.computerhistory.org
• Artificial
Intelligence.www.essotment.com.
• Microsoft office clipart
• www.google.co.in
• www.google.com/old computer images

23. Questions