A supracondylar fracture occurs just above the elbow joint and is one of the most common fractures in children. It can cause complications like compartment syndrome if the brachial artery is damaged. A Colles' fracture is a break of the radius bone in the forearm near the wrist, causing the "dinner fork" deformity. Fractures of the femoral neck mainly occur in older people with osteoporosis and are classified by the Garden system. Compartment syndrome results from increased pressure in an enclosed muscle space, causing pain, numbness and possible tissue death.
Dentists wishing to gain a license to practice dentistry in Canada.
These are the detailed information about the licensing process as detailed by the National Dental Examining Board of Canada
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Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors with single tooth implants Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. Several treatment
options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors. These options include canine substitution, resin bonded fixed partial dentures, cantilevered
fixed partial dentures, conventional fixed partial dentures and single tooth implants. Depending on which treatment option is chosen, a specific criterion has to be
addressed. Interdisciplinary treatment plays a vital role to achieve an excellent, esthetic result for a most predictable outcome. This paper describes the therapeutic use
of osseointegrated implants to replace congenitally missing upper lateral incisors. Highlighting the importance of the Orthodontic/Restorative interface.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Do it-yourself-paeds-ortho (Paediatric Orthopaedics for beginners)Jonathan Cheah
This is a powerpoint developed by the consultants from the mater children's hospital brisbane emergency department (which has now amalgamated with the royal children's hospital to create the brand new Lady Cilento Children's Hospital LCCH)
This is ideal for medical students/ residents to use to learn paediatrics orthopaedics.
Easy and fun to go through.
paediatric injuries around the elbow
supracondylar elbow injuries
pulled elbow in paediatric age r
radiological signs around elbow in supracondylar fracture humerus
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
10. Most commonly brachial artery injury, and if left untreated could lead to Volkmann's contracture (permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers).
12. T – among the commonest fractures in children (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 311)
13. F – can cause compartment syndrome (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1269576-treatment)
14. F – Occur as a complication of fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus, which may lead to tardy ulnar nerve palsy. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubitus_valgus)
15. F – Existence of collateral arteries (Netter 4th edition page 434)
16. T – distal fragment may be displaced and / or tilted either posteriorly / anteriorly / medially / laterally / rotated (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 311)
31. T – so-called ‘dinner for deformity’ (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 324)
32. F – dorsal displacement of the distal fragment of the radius (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 324)
33. F – control manual reduction is sufficient if its displaced (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 324)
34. T – can cause stiffness if it the joint is not being used for movement (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 324)
35. F – Tear of extensor pollicis longus (EPL) a few weeks after fracture (Apley’s concise 3rd edition page 325)
36.
37. The Shenton line is an imaginary line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus(superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. This line should be continuous and smooth.
50. Operative treatment is almost mandatory. Displaced fracture will not unite without internal fixation. Impacted fracture can be left to unite, but there is always a risk that they may become displaced, even while lying in bed, so fixation is safer.
100. T bone cyst (a local benign condition) (http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=859111436)
101. T previous traumatic fracture (pathological fracture is due to pathologic bone-weakening condition) (http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/pathological_fracture/causes.htm)
102. T secondary to bone tumour ( osteosarcoma, osteoblastoma, metastatic tumors) (http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/pathological_fracture/causes.htm) (http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=859111436)
103. The common sites of fractures in patients with osteoporosis are :
104. Femoral neck (True) (typical fragility occurs in vertebral column, hip, ribs , and wrist) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis
111. Is caused by forced adduction and internal rotation (False) (by forced abduction and external rotation of the soulder) (APLEY’S CONCISE SYSTEM OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND FRACTURES, THIRD EDITION, page 306)
112. Causes the head of the humerus to end up just below the coracoids process (True) ( X-ray shows head of humerus lying below and medial to the socket) (APLEY’S CONCISE SYSTEM OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND FRACTURES , THIRD EDITION, page 306)
113. Is less common occurred as compare to posterior dislocation (False) (humeral head displacement is usually anterior, less often posterior) (APLEY’S CONCISE SYSTEM OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND FRACTURES , THIRD EDITION, page 306)
114. Would result in axillary nerve injury as a complication (True) (The axillary nerve may be injured) (APLEY’S CONCISE SYSTEM OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND FRACTURES , THIRD EDITION, page 306)
115.
116. Pain in leg (unilateral or bilateral) that starts in the buttocks and travels down the back of the thighs and legs (sciatica)
117. Numbness in the groin or area of contact if sitting on the saddle (perineal or saddle paresthesia)
143. Elderly patient refuse to use above knee prostheses because of the high energy requirement T
144.
145. 27Achilles tendon ruptureACommon in people > 40 years oldTApley’s pg 250BSimmond’s test positiveThttp://web.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/74-B/2/314.pdfhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmDi08rlR3IUsed to test for rupture of tendo achillis. Positive when no movement of plantarflexion when the culf is squeeze or pushed while the patient is prone and the foot is hanging by the side of the bed.CResult in difficult to walk tip-toeTPatient unable to tiptoe. (Apley’s pg 250).DCannot be treat non-operativelyFImmobilization by plaster is still needed with or without surgery and is worn for 8 weeks with the foot in equines. Shoe with raised heel worn for a further 6 weeks. (apley’s pg 250).Lockable brace is a more sophisticated alternative. (apley’s pg 250).ETreatment via surgical reconstruction will result in wound dehiscence asThttp://www.emedicinehealth.com/achilles_tendon_rupture/page7_em.htm#Surgeryhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/85024-treatment
146.
147. Occur when bleeding or edema increases the pressure in one of the osteofascial compartment beyond systemic blood pressure. F
169. Select the appropriate antibiotics using direct culture results in samples from the infected site, whenever possible.
170. Empiric therapy is often initiated on the basis of the patient's age and the clinical presentation.
171. Empiric therapy should always include coverage for S aureus and consideration of CA-MRSA.
172.
173. Paralysis of the teres minor muscle and deltoid muscle , resulting in loss of abduction of arm (from 15-90 degrees), weak flexion, extension, and rotation of shoulder. Paralysis of deltoid & teres minor results in Flat shoulder deformity.
176. = following the age, if the onset of the Perthes’ disease under the age of 6, it is favorable prognostic sign where they need no active treatment and have to be put under follow up. While, if the onset >6 years old, it is unfavorable sign (poor prognosis) and they need treatment by containment of the femoral head. (‘containment’= keeping the femoral head well seated within the acetabulum)
177. (ref: Apley’s Concise System of Orthopaedics and Fractures)
183. (ref: Apley’s Concise System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/radiographic_evaluation_of_perthes_disease, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/410482-overview.)
185. = Duration of the hip pain did not become one of the prognostic features of Perthes’ disease as usually the children will feel intermittent pain for several weeks to months as they often did not complaint about it. The prognostic features for Perthes disease mostly based on age and x-ray appearance.
186. (ref: Apley’s Concise System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826935-