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G10 genetics
This document covers key concepts in genetics and inheritance patterns, including Mendel's experiments with pea plants, dominant and recessive traits, sex linkage of genetic disorders, and applications of biotechnology. It discusses Mendel's work breeding pea plants and identifying inheritance patterns. It defines concepts like genotype and phenotype and explains monohybrid crosses. It also covers codominance and blood types, sex linkage of traits, genetic disorders, and modern applications of genetics like genetic screening, DNA profiling, genetically modified organisms, and stem cell research.
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G10 genetics
- 1. Grade 10 Biology Geneticsand Inheritance Patterns Mr KremerGrade 10 Biology Genetics and Inheritance Patterns Mr Kremer
- 2. Genetics: Key concepts •Mendel’s experiments with pea plants • Dominant, recessive, + codominant traits • Sex linkage of genetic disorders • Biotechnology + its consequences
- 3.
- 4. Mendellian Genetics Gregor Mendel +his pea plants Alleles + traits Dominant, recessive, + codominant Heterozygous + homozygous Phenotype + genotype
- 5. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk
- 6. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 7. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 8. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 9. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants
- 10. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring
- 11. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring • Developed Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment
- 12. Gregor Mendel +His Work • 1800‘s monk • Systematically bred pea plants • Identified patterns in offspring • Developed Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment
- 13.
- 14. Dominant + Recessive Traits Alleles, chromosomes,+ loci Traits + characteristics Dominant vs recessive Heterozygous + homozygous Monohybrid cross
- 15. Essential Vocabulary • Locus= place on a chromosome where a specific gene is found • Gene = combination of alleles controlling a trait • Allele = one form of a gene (basically, half a gene) from M om ! from D ad!
- 16. Essential Vocabulary • Genotype= allelic composition • Phenotype = physical expression of genotype • Bb = genotype • brown eyes = phenotype
- 17. Dominant + RecessiveTraits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous
- 18. Dominant + RecessiveTraits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same
- 19. Dominant + RecessiveTraits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same • Heterozygous = different alleles
- 20. Dominant + RecessiveTraits • Dominant = always expressed • Recessive = only expressed if homozygous • Homozygous = both alleles are the same • Heterozygous = different alleles
- 21. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 22. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 23. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 24. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 25. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 26. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 27. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 28. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 29. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 30. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes
- 31. Monohybrid Crosses • Showprobability of offspring inheriting a trait • Alleles listed along x- and y-axes • Combine alleles in boxes to show possible genotypes • Genotypes determine phenotypes 3:1 ratio
- 32.
- 33. Codominance + BloodTypes
- 34. Codominance + Blood Types Codominance Incompletedominance Blood types Crosses involving codominant traits Image credit: http://www.joannelovesscience.com
- 35. Codominance + IncompleteDominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 36. Codominance + IncompleteDominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 37. Codominance + IncompleteDominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed
- 38. Codominance + IncompleteDominance • Codominance = both heterozygous alleles fully expressed • Incomplete dominance = a blend of each characteristic is expressed
- 39. Codominance + BloodTypes • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 40. Codominance + BloodTypes • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 41. Codominance + BloodTypes • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 42. Codominance + BloodTypes • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 43. Codominance + BloodTypes • 3 blood type alleles: • IA = Type A • IB = Type B • i = Type O • A + B = codominant • O is recessive
- 44.
- 45. Sex Linkage Sex Linkage X+ Y chromosomes Colorblindness Hemophilia Image credit: http://www.biologycorner.com
- 46. Sex Linkage • Genecarried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 47. Sex Linkage • Genecarried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 48. Sex Linkage • Genecarried on X chromosome • Women = XX • Men = XY • women need 2 copies of recessive allele • men need only 1 copy
- 49.
- 50.
- 51.
- 52. Genetic Disorders • Causedby gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 53. Genetic Disorders • Causedby gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 54. Genetic Disorders • Causedby gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 55. Genetic Disorders • Causedby gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 56. Genetic Disorders • Causedby gene variation or mutation • Environmental mutation • Inherited as recessive alleles • Wrong number of chromosomes
- 57.
- 58.
- 59. Genetic Screening • ExamineDNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 60. Genetic Screening • ExamineDNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 61. Genetic Screening • ExamineDNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 62. Genetic Screening • ExamineDNA for genetic disorders • Good for preventative care + treatment • Ethics of use for insurance + health care? • May be used in job placement
- 63. DNA Profiling • akaDNA fingerprinting • Compare samples to database • Forensics (CSI) • Questions about legality/ownership of information
- 64. DNA Profiling • akaDNA fingerprinting • Compare samples to database • Forensics (CSI) • Questions about legality/ownership of information
- 65. Genetically Modified Organisms •Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 66. Genetically Modified Organisms •Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 67. Genetically Modified Organisms •Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 68. Genetically Modified Organisms •Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
- 69. Genetically Modified Organisms •Inserting/deleting genes for human benefit • Common in US agriculture • Benefits: higher yield + productivity • Concerns: ecological dangers, loss of diversity
Editor's Notes
- #6 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #7 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #8 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #9 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #10 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #11 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #12 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #13 Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
- #47 Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- #48 Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- #49 Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- #50 Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- #51 Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
- #53 Marfan syndrome disorder of connective tissue gene alteration or mutation causes defect in growth hormone production
- #54 Marfan wrists
- #55 carcinogens can interfere with DNA replication radiation may alter nucleotides in DNA
- #56 achondroplasia (dwarfism)
- #57 Trisomy 21 aka Down Syndrome
- #69 drought- and disease-resistance growth patterns
- #70 once planted in a field, pollination occurs naturally - can’t control which genes are transported to non-GMO plants