This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in an introductory high school chemistry course, including atomic theory, periodicity, nomenclature, types of reactions, and balancing equations. The course will explore the atomic model including atomic structure and isotopes. It will examine periodic trends in properties including atomic radius, ionization energy, and reactivity. Students will learn to name ionic and covalent compounds and identify different types of chemical reactions like synthesis, decomposition, and combustion. Balancing chemical equations will be covered, applying the law of conservation of mass. Diagrams and images supplement the text to illustrate key concepts.

1. G9
CHEMISTRY
2013 -2014
Meet the Elements
Intro to Chemistry
with Mr Kremer

2. Unit%Intro%)%Topics
•Atomic%Theory
•Periodicity
•Naming%Compounds
•Types%of%Reac=ons
•Medical%Applica=ons%of%Chemistry

3. Atomic%Theory
1.rela=ve%mass%and%charge%of%protons,%
neutrons,%electrons
2.shorthand%nota=on%for%atoms/ions
3.isotopes%
4.rela=ve%atomic%mass
5.electron%arrangement%elements%1)20

4. Periodicity
1.atomic%radius
2.mel=ng%point
3.electronega=vity
4.reac=vity

5. Nomenclature%(Naming)
1.Bonding%review
a.ionic%
b.covalent%compounds
2.types%of%reac=ons
a.single%+%double%replacement
b.decomposi=on
c.combus=on

6. Balancing%Equa=ons
1.conserva=on%of%maRer
a.atomic%level
b.molar%level
c.total%mass
d.mass%of%individual%elements

7. Types%of%Reac=ons
•Synthesis
•Decomposi=on
•Single%Replacement
•Double%Replacement
•Combus=on
•Others

8. Atomic%Theory
Image source: http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/graphic/1911_gfoil_02.jpg

9. Atomic%Theory
Periodic(table(from(h0p://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/period/period.htmlSource:(h0p://www.iun.edu

10. Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
Periodic(table(from(h0p://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/period/period.htmlSource:(h0p://www.iun.edu
John(Dalton(
(1766J1844)
Source:(www.biography.com

11. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.

12. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
Image(source:(www.bcssa.org

13. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
Image(source:(www.bcssa.org
Par=cle%mass(of…
protons(=(1(a.m.u.
neutrons(=(1(a.m.u.
electrons(=(0(a.m.u.(
That(means(
this(image(is(
NOT(TO(
SCALE!
Actual%mass(of…
protons(=(1.67(×(10J27(kg
neutrons(=(1.67(×(10J27(kg
electrons(=(9.11(×(10J31(kg
You(DON’T(
have(to(
know(that!
Electrons*are*10,000*X*smaller*
than*protons*and*neutrons!!!
NOT(to((scale!

14. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
Image(source:(h0p://www.amasci.net
A:(atomic(mass(=(#(of(protons(
AND(neutrons(in(an(atom
A
chemical%symbol:(
capital(le0er((+(
someAmes(lower(case)
E
Z:(atomic(number(=(#(of(
protons(in(an(atom
Z

15. Atomic%Theory
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
*Isotope(=(atom(with(a(
different(number(of(neutrons(
(but(the(same(number(of(
protons(and(electrons)(
Rela=ve%atomic%mass(
=(raAo(of(different(
isotopes
Isotope(images(source:(h0p://bioserv.fiu.edu
three%
hydrogen%
isotopes
two%
carbon%
isotopes
Image(source:(h0p://web.sahra.arizona.edu

16. Image(source:(h0p://science.howstuffworks.com
Atomic%Theory
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
6CO2 + 12H2O ➜ C6H12O6 6O2+ 6H2O+
Photosynthesis

17. •Bohr%model:%
nucleus%
surrounded%by%
shells
•Nucleus:%protons%
and%neutrons
•Shells:%electrons%
orbi=ng
•Valence%shell:%
outermost%shell
Atomic%Theory:%Structure
Image source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IAeZpYK5VFs/TGiARmqcmhI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/9_9kadQnu4U/s1600/1.png

18. Periodicity
•%Periodicity%=%
paRerns
•Within%periods%
(rows)
•Within%groups%
(columns)
Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Periodic_trends.svg

19. Periodicity:%Metallic%Traits
•Easier%to%lose%
electrons
•less%aRrac=on%b/t%
electrons%+%
nucleus
•Nonmetals%vs%
metals!
Information source: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/
Periodic_Table_of_the_Elements/Periodic_Trends#Metallic_Character_Trends
METALS
NONMETALS

20. Periodicity:%Atomic%Radius
•SIZE%of%the%atom
•more%shells%=%
farther%from%
nucleus%=%larger%
radius
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
BIG
ATOMS
SMALL*
ATOMS

21. Periodicity:%Ioniza=on%Energy
•small%atoms%=%
electrons%close%to%
nucleus
•closer%=%stronger%
aRrac=on
•stronger%
aRrac=on%=%
harder%to%remove
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
Easy*to*
remove
Hard*to*remove

22. Periodicity:%Electron%Affinity
•anion%forma=on
•aRrac=on%between%
incoming%electron%+%
nucleus
•stronger%%aRrac=on%
=%more%energy%
released
•same%logic%as%
ioniza=on%energy
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
MORE*
ENERGY
LESS*
ENERGY

23. Periodicity:%Mel=ng%Point
•depends%on%bond%
strength
•stronger%=%higher%
M.P.
•complicated%by%
other%factors
MELTING
MELTING

24. Periodicity:%Reac=vity
Image source: http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/scinet/reaction/react/
periodic.htm
•Metals%increase:%
•DOWN%groups
•LEFT%in%periods
•Nonmetals%increase:%
•UP%groups
•RIGHT%in%periods

25. •metal(+(nonmetal
•electron(transfer
•unbalanced(electrons(create(+/J(charges
•ca:on(=(posiAve(ion(=(lost(electrons
•anion(=(negaAve(ion(=(gained(electrons
Ionic%Bonding
Image source: http://chem-net.blogspot.nl

26. •Metal(caAon(first,(then(nonmetal(anion
•“Jide”(replaces(anion’s(last(part
•criss<cross*method(determines(raAo
•transiAon(metals(need(Roman(numerals
•Roman(numeral(shows(caAon(charge
Ionic%Compounds
Image source: http://www.iun.edu

27. •2(or(more(nonmetals
•electron(sharing
•1(pair(=(single(bond
•2(pairs(=(double(bond
•3(pairs(=(triple(bond
•equal(sharing(=(nonpolar
•unequal(sharing(=(polar
Covalent%Bonding
Image source: http://seplessons.ucsf.edu/node/2241

28. •Least(electronegaAve(nonmetal(is(1st
•“Jide”(replaces(last(part(of(2nd(nonmetal
•Prefixes(show(number(of(atoms(
Covalent%Compounds
Image source: http://ehschemcorner.blogspot.nlImage source: http://chembloggerstcmv.blogspot.nl

29. •Synthesis
•DecomposiAon
•Single(replacement
•Double(replacement
•CombusAon(
•Some(others...
Types%of%Chemical%Reac=ons
Image source: http://www.oneclickroot.com

30. •Synthesis(=(build
•A(+(B(→(AB
Synthesis
Image source:Image source:

31. •Decompose(=(break(down
•AB(→(A(+(B
Decomposi=on
Image source:Image source:
NOT DECOMPOSITION!

32. •Ion(changes*place(with(1(element
•AB(+(C(→(A(+(CB
Single%Replacement
Image source:Image source:

33. •Ions(‘swap’*partners
•AB(+(CD(→(AD(+(CB
Double%Replacement
Image source: http://ehschemcorner.blogspot.nlImage source: http://chembloggerstcmv.blogspot.nl

34. •hydrocarbon(+(oxygen(gas
•produces(CO2(and(H2O
Combus=on
Image source:Image source:

35. •Acid<Base:(produce(water(+(salt
•Redox:(transfer(of(electrons
Others%You%May%Hear%Of...
Image source:Image source:

36. •Law*of*Conserva:on*of*MaPer((Mass)
•Ma0er(is(neither(created(nor(destroyed
•Simply(rearranged
•Reactants(MUST(equal(products
•Adjust(coefficients(ONLY
•NEVER(change(subscripts
Balancing%Equa=ons
Image source:Image source:

37. •List(all(elements
•Count(atoms(on(each(side
•Change(coefficients(as(needed
Balancing%Equa=ons
Image source:Image source: