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Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Indiana Standards
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• 8.3.3 Explain that genetic information is
transmitted from parents to offspring mostly by
chromosomes.
Number Off!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How do sex cells differ from body cells?
• Before sexual reproduction can take place, each
parent produces sex cells.
• Sex cells have half of the genetic information that
body cells have.
• When genetic information from two parents
combines, the offspring will have one full set of
genetic information.
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
How do sex cells differ from body cells?
• In body cells, chromosomes are found in pairs of
homologous chromosomes, which have the
same structure and size.
• Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes.
However, some may be different versions of the
genes.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
How do sex cells differ from body cells?
• One chromosome pair is made up of sex
chromosomes.
• Cells with homologous chromosomes are called
diploid.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Why do organisms need sex cells?
• Normal human body cells contain 46
chromosomes.
• Sex cells are also known as gametes. Gametes
have only half of the usual number of
chromosomes.
• Gametes are haploid, meaning they have one
chromosome from each homologous pair.
Gametes are made in the reproductive organs.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Why do organisms need sex cells?
• Sex cells are needed so that in sexual
reproduction offspring receive a total of 46
chromosomes.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
How are sex cells made?
• Mitosis produces two new cells that contain exact
copies of the chromosomes of the parent cell.
• A different kind of cell division is needed to
produce sex cells.
• Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces
haploid sex cells such as sperm or egg cells.
• When an egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, a new
diploid cell forms.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
One Step at a Time
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are the stages of meiosis?
• Meiosis has two parts: meiosis I and meiosis II.
• Recall that homologous chromosomes have the
same genes but are not exact copies of each
other.
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
One Step at a Time
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are the stages of meiosis?
• Before meiosis I begins, each chromosome is
duplicated. Each half is called a chromatid.
• Chromatids are connected by centromeres.
• During meiosis I, pairs of homologous
chromosomes and sex chromosomes split apart
into two new cells.
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In prophase I, duplicated homologous
chromosomes pair up.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In metaphase I, the homologous chromosome
pairs line up in the middle of the cell.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes
separate from their partners and move to opposite
sides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In telophase I and cytokinesis, the nuclear
membranes re-form and the cell divides into two
cells. The chromatids are still joined.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• Meiosis II involves both of the new cells that
formed during meiosis I.
• The new cells divide during meiosis II.
• Meiosis II results in four haploid sex cells.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In males, the four sex cells develop into sperm
cells.
• In females of some species, three cells are broken
down, and only one haploid cell becomes an egg.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In prophase II, the nuclear membrane breaks
apart.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In metaphase II, the chromosomes line up in the
middle of the cells.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In anaphase II, the chromatids are pulled apart
and move to opposite sides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
.
What are the stages of meiosis?
• In telophase II and cytokinesis, the nuclear
membranes re-form and the cells divide. Each cell
is haploid.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
How does meiosis compare to mitosis?
• Only sex cells undergo meiosis. All other cells
divide by mitosis.
• In meiosis, chromosomes are copied once, and
the nucleus divides twice.
• In mitosis, the chromosomes are copied once, and
the nucleus divides once.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
How does meiosis compare to mitosis?
• Meiosis produces haploid cells. Mitosis produces
diploid cells.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
Down Syndrome
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Down syndrome is a genetic disease caused by an
error during meiosis.
• The chromatids in chromosome 21 do not
separate, so one of the sex cells gets an extra
copy of chromosome 21.
• Down syndrome causes a number of health
problems and learning difficulties, but many
people with Down syndrome have fulfilling lives.

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Meiosis grade 8

  • 1. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
  • 2. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis Indiana Standards Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • 8.3.3 Explain that genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring mostly by chromosomes.
  • 3. Number Off! Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company How do sex cells differ from body cells? • Before sexual reproduction can take place, each parent produces sex cells. • Sex cells have half of the genetic information that body cells have. • When genetic information from two parents combines, the offspring will have one full set of genetic information. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 4. How do sex cells differ from body cells? • In body cells, chromosomes are found in pairs of homologous chromosomes, which have the same structure and size. • Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes. However, some may be different versions of the genes. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 5. How do sex cells differ from body cells? • One chromosome pair is made up of sex chromosomes. • Cells with homologous chromosomes are called diploid. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 6. Why do organisms need sex cells? • Normal human body cells contain 46 chromosomes. • Sex cells are also known as gametes. Gametes have only half of the usual number of chromosomes. • Gametes are haploid, meaning they have one chromosome from each homologous pair. Gametes are made in the reproductive organs. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 7. Why do organisms need sex cells? • Sex cells are needed so that in sexual reproduction offspring receive a total of 46 chromosomes. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 8. How are sex cells made? • Mitosis produces two new cells that contain exact copies of the chromosomes of the parent cell. • A different kind of cell division is needed to produce sex cells. • Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces haploid sex cells such as sperm or egg cells. • When an egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, a new diploid cell forms. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 9. One Step at a Time Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are the stages of meiosis? • Meiosis has two parts: meiosis I and meiosis II. • Recall that homologous chromosomes have the same genes but are not exact copies of each other. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 10. One Step at a Time Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are the stages of meiosis? • Before meiosis I begins, each chromosome is duplicated. Each half is called a chromatid. • Chromatids are connected by centromeres. • During meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes and sex chromosomes split apart into two new cells. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 11. What are the stages of meiosis? • In prophase I, duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 12. What are the stages of meiosis? • In metaphase I, the homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 13. What are the stages of meiosis? • In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes separate from their partners and move to opposite sides. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 14. What are the stages of meiosis? • In telophase I and cytokinesis, the nuclear membranes re-form and the cell divides into two cells. The chromatids are still joined. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 15. What are the stages of meiosis? • Meiosis II involves both of the new cells that formed during meiosis I. • The new cells divide during meiosis II. • Meiosis II results in four haploid sex cells. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 16. What are the stages of meiosis? • In males, the four sex cells develop into sperm cells. • In females of some species, three cells are broken down, and only one haploid cell becomes an egg. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 17. What are the stages of meiosis? • In prophase II, the nuclear membrane breaks apart. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 18. What are the stages of meiosis? • In metaphase II, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cells. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 19. What are the stages of meiosis? • In anaphase II, the chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis .
  • 20. What are the stages of meiosis? • In telophase II and cytokinesis, the nuclear membranes re-form and the cells divide. Each cell is haploid. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 21. How does meiosis compare to mitosis? • Only sex cells undergo meiosis. All other cells divide by mitosis. • In meiosis, chromosomes are copied once, and the nucleus divides twice. • In mitosis, the chromosomes are copied once, and the nucleus divides once. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 22. How does meiosis compare to mitosis? • Meiosis produces haploid cells. Mitosis produces diploid cells. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis
  • 23. Unit 7 Lesson 2 Meiosis Down Syndrome Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Down syndrome is a genetic disease caused by an error during meiosis. • The chromatids in chromosome 21 do not separate, so one of the sex cells gets an extra copy of chromosome 21. • Down syndrome causes a number of health problems and learning difficulties, but many people with Down syndrome have fulfilling lives.