FYBSc-Microbiology SIWS College Mumbai University

6. Fungi
Eucaryotic, unicellular to multicellular, microscopic
to macroscopic organisms, spore bearer with
absorptive nutrition and lacking chlorophyll

7. Distribution
• Terrestrial, fresh water and marine
• Also in polar region

8. Importance
Beneficial-
• act as decomposer, degrade complex organic
compound
• Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and others are
recycled
• Making of bread, wine, beer
• Preparation of cheeses, soy sauce and sufu
• Production of organic acids- citric acid, gallic acid
• Drugs- cortisone
• Antibiotics- penicillin,

9. Beneficial
• Immunosuppressive drug- cyclosporin
• Important research tool

10. Harmful effect-
• Pathogenic for plants, animals
• Over 5000 sp attack economically valuable crops,
garden plants and many wild plants
• About 20 new human fungal pathogens are
documented each year

11. Structure
• Single cell ( yeast) to multi-cellular
• Cell wall is having chitin
• Thallus- vegetative structure
• Thallus consists of long, branched, thread like
structure called hyphae
• Collection of hyphae make mycelia
• Collection of mycelia make thallus

13. Mycelium

15. Nutrition and metabolism
• Most fungi are saprophytes
• They grow in dark, moist habitat rich with organic
materials
• Release hydrolytic enzymes to digest substrate
• Chemoorganoheterotroph
• Storage material-glycogen
• Use glucose or maltose and nitrogenous
compounds to synthesize their own amino acids
and proteins
• They are usually aerobic except yeast(facultative
anaerobe)

16. • Obligatory anaerobes are found in rumen

17. Reproduction-asexual
1. Transverse fission-

18. 2. Budding-

20. Reproduction
3.Arthrospore

21. 4.sporangiospore

23. 5.chlamydospore

24. 6. Zoospore

25. 7. conidiospore

26. Sexual reproduction

27. Zygospore

30. Ascospore

32. Ascocarp

33. Basidiospores

34. 1

36. 2

39. 3

41. 4

42. Classification
Sub class- Urediniomycetes
Mycelial or yeast form
5

43. Life cycle of Yeast

44. Ustiloginomycetes 6
• Common corn pathogen, causes tumour in plants
• Have specialized hyphae called appresorria for
penetrating host tissue
• With the help of these tomours are formed and
fungi grow inside to produce spores called
teliospores

48. Glomeramycota 7
• Ecologically important
• Eg. Mycorrhizal fungi- association between fungi
and plants

50. Importance of Mycorrhiza
• Fungus help protect its host from stress
• Delivers nutrients from soil
• Fungus get carbohydrate from the plant

51. Microsporidia 8
• Confusing taxonomy(curious fungi)
• Considered as protist
• Some are pathogens
• Are obligatory parasite, infects insects, fish,
human (AIDS patients are the target)
• Causes diarrhoea, pneumonia, encephalitis,
nephritis
• Morphology of spore- unique

52. polaroplast
exospore
endospore
nucleus
Polar tube
Posterior vacuole