3. Basic Structure of a
Fungus
The body of fungus made
thin strands called
hyphae.
As hyphae grow, form
tangled mass called
mycelium.
Hyphae grow on/in
“ food source” releasing
enzymes that digest food
outside their body.
Hyphae 1 cell thick-
facilitates
diffusion/absorption.
5. Reproduction
Fungi produce spores
Spores = reproductive cells
Spores withstand harsh conditions
by becoming dormant
Favorable conditions cause spores
form new fungus
Spores made both asexually and
sexually
Fungi reproduce asexually when
environmental conditions are
favorable.
Fungi reproduce sexually when
environmental conditions are
unfavorable.
Fungi do not have male/female-
instead “ +” and “ -” mating types.
6. Groups of Fungi
Fungi classified 4 major groups based
on their sexual reproductive
structure:
1) Zygomycota
2) Ascomycota
3) Basidiomycota
4) Deuteromycota
7. Phylum Zygomycota
Smallest group
“ Molds” - ex) bread mold
Specialized hyphae:
-rhizoids: “ roots”
penetrate/anchor fungus to
bread, release enzymes
digest food source, and
absorb nutrients
Asexual reproduction:
sporangiophores: hyphae that
grow up into the air produce
sporangium store spores.
Spores usually carried by air
Sexual reproduction:
zygospore formed when +/-
hyphae fuse
8. Phylum Ascomycota (sac
Largest Group
fungi)
ex) yeast, mildew, morels, truffles, cup fungi
Asexual Reproduction: hyphae called conidiophores produce conidia
(spores)
Sexual Reproduction: form spores called ascospores in “ saclike”
structures called an ascus
Each ascus bursts open shooting spores into the air
9. Phylum Basidiomycota (club
fungi)
ex) mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi
The part of the mushroom that lives above ground is called
the “ fruiting body.”
Rarely reproduce asexually
Sexual Reproduction: spores called basidiospores form
under caps of mushrooms on structures called basidia
10. Phylum Deuteromycota
ex) Penicillin, many
disease causing
fungi.
No sexual phase in
life cycle
Spores are
produced asexually.
11. Harmful Fungi
Parasites (+/-)
cause disease in
plants and
humans
Plants: corn
smut, mildew,
wheat rust
Humans:
athlete’s foot,
ringworm,
histoplasmosis
12. Helpful Fungi
1) Decomposers
2) Food and food production (yeast)
3) Antibiotics: Penicillin/Erythromycin
13. Helpful Fungi (cont.)
4) Mutalistic relationship (+/+) with plants
Mycorrhizae – plant root and mycelium fungi
Plant provides food from doing photosynthesis
Fungus absorb water/minerals and breaks down
nutrients in soil