Basidiomycota
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Basidiomycota, also known as club fungi, are characterized by their cell walls containing chitin and glucan. They produce basidiospores externally on structures called basidia, with each basidium typically forming four basidiospores. Sexual reproduction occurs through plasmogamy, karyogamy and immediate meiosis without distinct sex organs. Hyphae have septa with dolipore pores that maintain the dikaryotic condition within the fungi.
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Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species.The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós) 'sac, wineskin'), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota.
Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomycetes are now identified and classified based on morphological or physiological similarities to ascus-bearing taxa, and by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.
Basidiomycota by sohail
Introduction
Salient features
Characteristics
Classification
Somatic structures
Basidium
Asexual reproduction in basidiomycetes
Basidiocarp
Reproduction in fungi
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction is more common and occurs through fragmentation, fission, budding or sporulation. Sporulation produces spores like sporangiospores or conidia. Sexual reproduction involves the union of nuclei through plasmogamy and karyogamy, followed by meiosis. It occurs via processes like planogametic copulation, gametangial contact or somatogamy and produces offspring through recombination of genetic material.
P Basidiomycota.pptx
The document summarizes key information about the phylum Basidiomycota. Some key points:
- Basidiomycota includes about 30% of all fungi and has over 15,000 species, including mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, and smuts. Most are saprophytic.
- They have septate mycelium usually with dolipore septa and clamp connections. They undergo a dikaryophase and produce basidiospores.
- Asexual reproduction occurs via fragmentation, budding, or sporidia. Sexual reproduction involves the dikaryophase and plasmogamy between compatible nuclei, ending with karyogamy and meiosis in the bas
Lecture on fungi [11 25-13 monday]
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are nonphotosynthetic and include mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and lichens. They have cell walls made of chitin and are more genetically similar to animals. Fungi play important roles as decomposers that recycle nutrients and are used for food, antibiotics like penicillin, and symbiotic relationships with plants. They reproduce both sexually through structures like ascocarps and basidiocarps and asexually via spores. Major fungal groups include chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota which differ in their reproductive structures and life cycles.
Classification of fungi
As part of our project on educational technology 3/ field study 3
I am asking for your help with regards to the ppt that i made kindly leave a comment on my presentation thanks alot
Asexual reproduction in ASCOMYCOTA.pptx
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Bacteria.pdf
Bacteria are unicellular, procaryotic microorganisms which have diverse shape size and structures. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth. Even the human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells. Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even helpful. A relatively small number of species cause disease.
Fungi 1195182837648559-3
Fungi are classified as eukaryotes that can take two morphological forms: yeasts and hyphae. Most fungi occur as hyphae, which are branching, threadlike filaments that can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually. They are heterotrophs that feed on dead or living organic matter and have cell walls composed of chitin and/or cellulose.
Chapter 3.pptx
This document provides an overview of fungal taxonomy and classification. It discusses the six main fungal phyla: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and imperfect fungi. Each phylum is characterized by its unique traits such as spore production, nutrition, and phylogenetic relationships. The document also outlines the taxonomic ranks including species, genus, family, order, class, and kingdom.
Structure of bacteria
E. coli is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the large intestine. It has several protective outer layers including a capsule, cell wall, and outer plasma membrane. The capsule and slime layer help protect the bacterium from drying out and prevent phagocytosis. The cell wall provides shape and rigidity while the plasma membranes serve as selective barriers. Inside, the cytoplasm contains ribosomes and other structures for carrying out metabolic functions. E. coli can also contain extra-chromosomal DNA elements like plasmids that allow for antibiotic resistance or virulence factor encoding. It uses flagella and pili for motility and adhesion.
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Prokaryotic cells have a simpler structure than eukaryotic cells and lack membrane-bound organelles. They have a cell wall and plasma membrane, but interior structures like the cytoplasm lack internal membranes. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Some prokaryotes like bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall, while others like archaea have different cell wall compositions. Surface structures can include flagella, pili, or fimbriae. Binary fission is how prokaryotes replicate.
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- 1. BASIDIOMYCOTA N.H. SHANKAR REDDY 2nd Ph.D. Plant Pathology Annamalai University
- 2. General characters • Otherwise called as club fungi • Cell wall is made up of chitin + glucan • The most diagnostic feature of basidiomycota is presence of basidiospores which are formed above the basidium • Septate hyphae, dolipore septa, clamp connection are usually present with extensive dikaryotic phage (most diagnostic feature of basidiomycota) • Each basidia produces 4 basidiospore (basidiospores are produced exogenously/ outside the basidia) • Sex organs are lacking in the basidiomycetes, in which sexual process is mainly by plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis • Sex organs are lacking in basidiomycetes. The sexual process is represented by plasmogamy and karyogamy and immediately followed by meiosis
- 3. • Dolipore septa – It is a complex pore septa, present in the middle of the hyphae to form a barrel shaped pore called ‘dolipore’, both the ends of pore covered by a double layer membrane (pore cap) called “parenthosome”. However dolipore septais absent in the members of rust and smut. • Purpose of dolipore septa To ensure the dikaryotic condition of hyphae (where clamp connection also performs the same function)