The document is a site report for the foundation of a commercial building called Silver Business Hub. It describes excavating the site, leveling the ground, pouring plain cement concrete to form pads, and constructing reinforced concrete columns and footings. Steel reinforcement bars were placed in the footings and columns and connected with wiring. The foundation was constructed over multiple days beginning with site clearance, marking excavation outlines, excavating pits, leveling the ground, pouring and vibrating PCC, installing reinforcement in the footings and columns, and finally closing the site.

1. FOUNDATION
-Darshan Bavadiya
-Mansi Borad
-Vatsal Gadhiya
-Darshan Savsaiya
-Ridham Vekariya
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

2. Content Of
Foundation
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

3. What is Foundation?
Foundation:
• The structure, that transmits the
load of the building to the soil…….
• The lowest artificially prepared
parts of the structure which are in direct
contact with the ground and which transmit
the load of structures to the ground…….
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

4. • Foundation Soil:
The solid ground on which the foundations rest……
• Soil Bearing Capacity:
Bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to
support the loads applied to the ground.
The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum
average contact pressure between the foundation and the
soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil.
• Footing:
The lowermost portion of the foundation which is
indirect contact with sub-soil……
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

5. How to calculate Bearing Capacity
of Soil?
• PROCEDURE:
• Excavate a pit of required depth. (preferably equal to
the depth of foundation)
• Take a solid ball or square cube of known weight and
dimension.
• Drop the ball or square cube several times, from a
known height on to the bottom surface of excavated
pit.
• Calculate the average depth of impression made
several times on the bottom surface of the excavated
pit. Let “d” is the average depth of impression
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

6. • CALCULATION:
• R = (w * h) / d
• Where,
 R = Ultimate resistance of soil (in kg)
 d = Average depth of impression (in cm)
 w = Weight of the solid ball or square cube (in kg)
 h = Height of fall of solid ball or cube (in cm)
• If “A” is the cross-sectional area of the solid steel ball or cube, then
resistance of soil per unit area is calculated using following formula.
• Resistance of soil per unit area (in kg/cm2) = R / A
• Safe bearing capacity (in kg/cm2) = R / (A * F.O.S)
Where,
F.O.S = Factor of safety
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

7. Purposes of Foundation
• To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a
larger area so as to bring down the intensity of load as
its base below the safe bearing capacity of sub-soil.
• To support the structure.
• To give stability to the structure against various
horizontal forces such as wind , rain , earthquake
• To prepare a level and hard surface for concreting and
masonry work
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

8. Requirements for good Foundation
1. Location:
should be located that it is able to resist any unexpected
future influence.
2. Stability:
should be stable or safe against anu possible failure.
3. Sattlement:
The foundation structure should not sattle or deflect to
such an degree so as to damage its usefulness or the stability
of building.
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

9. Types of Foundation
Foundation
Shallow Foundation Deep Foundation
1. Pad Foundation
2. Step Foundation
1.Pile Foundation
2. Raft Foundation
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

10. PAD FOUNDATION
•Grade of concrete is
M20
•Ratio of mixer is
1:1.5:3
(cement:sand:aggregate)
•20 mm graded coarse
aggregate
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

11. SILVER BUSINESS HUB
(commercial building)
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

12. • SITE LOCATION:-
SILVER BUSINESS HUB
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

13. R.C.C LAYOUT OF COLUMN & FOOTING
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

14. Site Clearance
• Before the excavation for the
proposed foundation is
commenced, the site shall
be cleared of vegetation,
brushwood, stumps of trees
etc.
• Roots of the trees shall be
removed to at least 30 cm
below the foundation level.
• The pits formed due to roots of trees, old foundations
etc. shall be filled up with soil and compacted.
Day-1
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

15. Marking Excavation Outline
Day-1
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

16. Excavation :
• EXCAVATION is the preliminary activity
of the construction project.
• It starts from the pits for the building
foundations and continues up to the
handing over of the project.
Depth of pit = 2.2 m
Width of pit = 2.45 m
Length of pit = 2.45 m
Day-1
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

17. Levelling : • By JCB
• By human
(Approximate level completed)
Day-2
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

18. PCC :(Plain Concrete Cement)
•Excavation levels and dimensions to be checked as per drawings.
•Remove all the loose earth from the pits.
•Do water sprinkling and ramming the cleaned surface of pit by mechanical rammer.
•Do the shuttering by planks and runners wherever if necessary.
•Mix the concrete with required
proportion and water cement ratio
by mechanical mixer machine and
place the same in to pits.
•Poured surface to be rammed and
finished smoothly
• PCC area= 1800*2100
•Footing Size = 1500*1800
•Thickness of PCC layer=100 mm
•PCC ratio= 1:4:8
Day-2
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

19. Vibrator :
•Compacting concrete to where it is
solid and can handle a heavy load
on it can be tricky and most times it
takes concrete vibrators to shift the
particles to achieve satisfactory
compaction.
•Used for removing airgap between
adjusting concrete particle
•To make PCC airtight
Day-2
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

20. Bottom Footing
Reinforcement :
-For construct Pad Footing
- Dia. of steel bar = 20 mm
Steel bar net :
-Steel bars are placed at right angle
-Jointed by senting wire
-covers are placed below the bar frame
-distance between to parallel bar 10 cm
to 15 cm
Day-3
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

21. Column :
- column frame made from steel bars
- Steel bars are placed as per structural design
- For make bars in vertical direction stirrups are
fixed around the column by senting wires
Vertical column bars( Vertical direction) are
fixed with steel bar net( Horizontal direction)
by senitng wires
- Dia of steel bar = 20 mm
Day-3
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

22. Slope (Pad)
Construction :
Mixture :
-Sand ,Cement, Aggegate,Water,….
-Constructed by handwork
-No shuttering required
Day-4
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

23. Site Closed
Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation

24. Building Material- V
5th Sem.
Site Report of
Foundation