The document discusses the principles and various types of foundations, focusing on deep foundations like precast and cast-in-situ piles. It explains the manufacturing processes, advantages, and disadvantages of each type, as well as construction techniques and soil suitability. Additionally, it highlights the importance of proper design and soil testing in foundation engineering.

2. WE THE GROUP MEMBERS:
• MD. BULBUL AHMED
•MD.SHARIFUL ISLAM
•MD.YOUSUF BIN AZIZ
•ABU SAYED MD.TARIN
•MD.FARHAN ABIR
•MD.SABBIR KARIM
•MD.YASIN
•MD.EZAZ AHMED
•S.M.RAHAT RAHMAN
•MD.ABU RAIHAN
10.01.03.003
10.01.03.008
10.01.03.018
10.01.03.020
10.01.03.026
10.01.03.037
10.01.03.038
10.01.03.041
10.01.03.044
10.01.03.049

4. Deep Foundation
Foundation:
Foundation is the lowest and
supporting layer of a structure.
Geotechnical engineers design foundations based
on the load characteristics of the structure.

5. FOUNDATION
SHALLOW
FOUNDATION
DEEP FOUNDATION
The most common forms of construction pertaining to deep
foundation are :
PILES
PIERS
CAISSONS

6. Shallow Foundation

7. Deep Foundation

11. Classification of Piles
Depending upon materials used in their manufacture,
piles can be classified as :
a) Concrete Piles
i) Cast-In-Place or cast-in-situ Piles
ii) Pre-cast Piles
iii) Pre-stressed concrete Piles
b) Steel Piles
c) Timber Piles
d) Composite Piles

13. PRECAST PILE

14. Definition & Explanation
PRE-CAST PILE: Pre means before & cast
means made. So precast pile refers to a pile that
has made before it is being used.

15. PRECAST PILE

16. Why and Where it is used?
• Pre cast pile is used for extra heavy weight
structure because it can ensure full strength by
proper maintaining.
• It can be used under water.
• There is no possibility of the reinforcements
getting displaced.
• There is no possibility of the voids being left.
• Not to attack by corrosive constituents in the
soil and the sub-soil water.

22. Structure of Precast pile & Related
Information
• By the soil test, we would be find the depth of penetrate.
• By which length of a pile can be determined.
• After determine the total weight of the building, we would find
the number of piles.
• The diameter of the pile normally varies from 35 cm to 65 cm
and their length varies from 20 ft to 30 ft.
• Besides bearing load for easy transportation & movement big
weir or reinforcement is used in the pre cast pile.
• For easy driven rectangular pile is often made.

23. • Longitudinal reinforcement usually consists of one bar 20 mm to
50mm in diameter at each angle of the section of the pile.
• The vertical rods are tied horizontally by bars 6mm to 10mm in
diameter.
• The horizontal bars may be provided in the form of stirrups
wound around the verticals.
• Pile shoe & pile stirrup is used in the lower part of the pile to
driven the pile easily.

24. CASING

25. SOIL CONDITION
Soil suitability
• Suitable in a wide
range of soil conditions
• Working loads in excess
of 1000kN
• Useful for very deep
piling upto 40 m
• In soft ground or in
aggressive or
contaminated soils
Bearing Capacity
• High bearing capacity
• Concrete formations
around the contracted
sections increase the
capacity.
• Compact soil &
increase the bearing
capacity

26. Process of Precast pile
• Steel form is used for the precast pile
manufacture.
• Before pore the concrete in to the
form, Mobil or other kind of oil have
been used.
• cement, sand ,aggregate ratio is
normally 1:2:4 in pre cast pile.
• But to make the foundation stronger
mix ratio is used 1:1.5:3
• When the concrete pore in the steel
form it would be ramming by the
vibrator.

27. Picture of Processing Precast pile

28. Curing & Driving
•After 3 days, pile have been covering by
the sheet.
• After 3 days of casting, steel form would
be removed.
• Then the piles would be prepare for 4
weeks curing.
•Then the piles are transported to the site
for driving

29. Picture of Curing

30. Picture of Driving

31. Advantages of Precast Pile
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cast well before work.
Well supervised
Reinforcement remain in their proper position
Can be driven under water
After driven they can be loaded soon
We can get required strength
Detect the damage before use
Properly cured by water

32. Disadvantages of Precast Pile
•
•
•
•
•
•
Difficult to manufacture
Not economical
Subject to longitudinal and transverse cracking
Not aesthetic
Not appropriate for curved or flared structures
Complicated for skews

33. Reinforcement of the Site
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Main rod 22 mm diameter
Stirrup 10 mm diameter 60 grade
Spacing on stirrup 4”~6”~4”
Some extra16 mm rod was provide in both two end
due to pressure
extra rod length is 3.5’
Clear cover 2’’ for subsurface
Stirrup hook bend at 135 degree & bending portion is
3’’ long Steel shuttering
Triangle pile shoe was set in the bottom of the pile

34. Difference of Theoretical & Practical
Theoretical
• We can joint two pile
together
Practical
• We use one pile to
drive.
• Maximum length 40 ft
• They use 50~55 ft pile
• All of the test have to
• They only do some test
done before use
in site

35. Cast In Situ Pile

36. WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?
•Cast in situ piles are those piles which are
cast in position in side the ground.
•Reinforcements are necessary to be provided
in a cast in situ Piles , when the pile acts as a
column and is subjected to a lateral force.

37. WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?

38. PURPOSE OF CAST-IN-SITU PILE
• Load Transmission
• Load Resistance

39. TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES
SIMPLEX PILE
FRANKI PILE

40. TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES
VIBRO PILE
VIBRO EXPANDED PILE

41. TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES
RAYMOND PILE
MAC ARTHUR PILE

42. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF CAST IN SITU PILE
LOOSANING OF SOIL
I.
Cutting and Scraping
Boring Grab
Cutting Teeth For Rotary Drilling
ii. Ripping
iii. Percussion

43. REMOVAL OF SOIL
Intermittent Transport
• Rope Grab
• Rotary Drill
CONTINUOUS TRANSPORT
• Flush Drilling
• Continuous Auger

44. TEMPORARY SUPPORT
Drill Casing
• Vibrating
• Oscillating
• Rotating
DRILLING MUD
• Water
• Bentonite
• Polymer

45. ENLARGED BASE
• Under reaming
• Grouting
• Plug Expulsion
CASTING Of Pile
Reinforcement
Concrete
Mix
Casting of
Concrete

46. BORING PROCESS
Choice of place and boring machine

47. FIELD TANK AND REMOVAL OF OVERFLOWING
WATER

48. THE PROCESS OF CASTING
Insertion of temporary casing with shoe

49. THE PROCESS OF CASTING
Placement of reinforcement

50. THE PROCESS OF CASTING
CASTING OF CONCRETE

51. THE PROCESS OF CASTING
CASTING OF CONCRETE

52. THE PROCESS OF CASTING
Removal of temporary tube and finish of casting

53. COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICAL
FIELD
Theoretically
• Pouring of Concrete
and Withdrawing of
steel tube gradually
• Polymer, Bentonite,
or Steel Case is used
• Auger or rotary drill
is used
Practical Field
• Steel tube is
withdrawn after 28
days
• Only Bentonite
solution is used
• Only Rotary drill is
used

54. DIFFICULTIES OF PILEING AND HOW TO
OVERCOME THIS
PROBLEM
• Rocky layer of soil
with stone
• Rising water from
the bottom of hole
• Corrosion can be
occurred
SOLUTION
• Abort drilling
• Pump the water.
Best, use precast pile
• Soil test is needed.
Corrosion resistant
cement

55. ADVANTAGES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cannot be used under water
Displacement of reinforced
Dumping of concrete from a great height
Inspection is not possible; voids may be left
Contact of water of concrete to the dry soil if uncased
Freshly laid concrete is susceptible to soil components
Driving of adjacent piles may rupture shell-less cast-insitu pile

56. DISADVANTAGES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cannot be used under water
Displacement of reinforced
Dumping of concrete from a great height
Inspection is not possible; voids may be left
Contact of water of concrete to the dry soil if uncased
Freshly laid concrete is susceptible to soil components
Driving of adjacent piles may rupture shell-less cast-insitu pile