Forces can start, stop, or change the motion of objects. There are two main types of forces - contact forces, which require touching objects, like pushing or pulling, and non-contact forces, which act over a distance without touching, like magnetic or gravitational forces. Forces are measured in units called newtons. Forces can be balanced, where opposing forces cancel each other out, or unbalanced, where a net force causes motion or changes the motion of an object. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass.

1. Forces
Sarah Jones
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2. Forces around you
When you lie in bed at night everything is so
still it seems nothing moves. But your chest
moves up and down as you breathe, and your
heart is pumping blood throughout your body.
While this is happening the Earth is hurtling
through space at 100 000 kilometres per hour!
All this motion is caused by forces, which
affect you every moment of your life.

3. • Forces are pushes or pulls.
• Forces can start objects moving, and they can
stop, speed up, slow down, or change the
direction of moving objects. They can lift
things, or cause them to turn, bend or twist.

4. Forces can also prevent motion; for example,
a handbrake on a car stops it from rolling
down a hill.
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5. What do forces do to objects?
• Start motion
• Stop motion
• Speed up motion
• Slow down motion
• Change the direction of motion
• Change the shape of an object

6. Contact Forces
• When you push something by hand, or pull it
with a rope, you are using contact forces.
• Air resistance
• Wind blowing trees
• Ocean waves crashing on rocks

7. Non-contact Forces
• Non-contact forces do not need contact, and
can act at a distance.
• Two magnets exert a force on each other
without touching
• Gravitational forces
• Electrostatic forces

8. Measuring Forces

9. The unit used to measure force is the newton (N),
named after Sir Isaac Newton.

10. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

13. Drawing force diagrams

14. • Thrust – a forward push
• Upthrust – the upwards force on a body in a
liquid or a gas

16. Friction
• Friction is an example of a contact force.
• It occurs whenever two surfaces in contact
move past each other.
• Friction always opposes motion.
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17. Mass and Weight
• In the 17th century Sir Isaac Newton came to
the conclusion that gravity is the force of
attraction between objects, and that the size
of this force depends on the mass of the
objects.
• The mass of an object
is the amount of
matter in it.

18. • The greater the mass of objects, the greater
the force between them.
• You are attracted by the Earth and the Earth is
attracted by you. This is why you don’t fall off
the Earth (most of the force of attraction is
due to the enormous mass of the Earth).

19. • Mass is the amount of matter in an object
and is measured in kilograms. Mass is not a
force.
• Mass will have the same value anywhere in
the Universe. Including space.

20. Spring balances and scales actually measure
the force of attraction between an object and
the Earth. This is what weight is. Because it is
a force it is measured in newtons.

21. • Weight is a force and is caused by the pull of
gravity acting on a mass. Like other forces,
weight is measured in newtons.
• Weight has different values depending on
where you are in the Universe.

22. W=mg (g=10N/kg)
(g=gravitational field strength)
On the Earth Mass = 42 kg On the Moon Mass = 42 kg
On the Earth Weight = 420 N On the Moon Weight = 70 N