This document discusses aircraft flight control systems. It describes the primary, secondary, and auxiliary flight controls, including the elevator, aileron, and rudder control systems, as well as secondary controls like trim tabs and auxiliary controls like flaps. It also provides details on how the autopilot system works, noting that it uses sensors, a gyroscope, and actuators to automatically control the aircraft without pilot input. The autopilot takes over complete control of the aircraft from take-off to landing.
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Auto Pilot:
An Autopilot is a system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a person.Developed by Elmer Sperry Sr.
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This presentation is about the Fly-By-Wire technology adopted in aircraft systems for greater maneuverability. The mechanical and electronics aspects of this technology is briefed in this presentation.
Powered Flight explained from First Principles. Starts with Sir Issac Newton's Laws of motion. Explains concepts of Weight, Lift, Drag and Thrust. Controlling the flight using concepts of Pitch, Roll & Yaw explained with illustrations.How this is explained with the help of Ailerons, Rudder and Elevators explained. Clear visuals provided.
Auto Pilot:
An Autopilot is a system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a person.Developed by Elmer Sperry Sr.
This power point presentation contain a general information about given topic in somewhat short description & if you need detailed one , you can request or post your Email ID. Prefer an "OCR A Extended" fonts.
This presentation is about the Fly-By-Wire technology adopted in aircraft systems for greater maneuverability. The mechanical and electronics aspects of this technology is briefed in this presentation.
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A presentation that guides the student through the forces acting on an aircraft, and how to fly a circuit at a typical airfield. This includes aircraft instrumentation and radio use. THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INTEREST AND SIMULATED FLIGHT ONLY, AS PROPER FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR ACTUAL FLIGHT
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Aircraft Control Systems
Aircraft flight control systems consist of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit
controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an
aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered as flight controls as
they change speed. They can be divided into three main groups:
• Primary flight control
• Secondary flight control
• Auxilliary flight control
3. Primary flight control
• Elevator Control System
• Aileron Control System
• Rudder Control System
4. Elevator Control System
• An elevator is mounted on the back edge of the horizontal stabilizer.
• They move up and down together.
• When the pilot pulls the stick backward, the elevators go up. And
vice versa.
• This makes the wings fly at a higher angle of attack which generates
more lift and more drag.
• Pitch movement
5.
6. Aileron Control System
• Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of each wing.
• They move in opposite directions.
• When the pilot moves the stick left, the left aileron goes up and the right
aileron goes down.
• A raised aileron reduces lift on the upward aileron and a lowered one
increases lift
• Centering the stick returns the ailerons to neutral maintaining the bank
angle.
• The plane will continue to turn until opposite aileron motion returns the
bank angle to zero to fly straight.
• Longitudinal axis
7.
8. Rudder Control System
• Mounted on the back edge of the fin in empennage.
• When the pilot pushes the left pedal, the rudder deflects left.
• Pushing the right pedal causes the rudder to deflect right.
• Deflecting the rudder right pushes the tail left and causes the nose to
yaw right.
• Centering the rudder pedals returns the rudder to neutral and stops
the yaw.
9.
10. Aircraft Motion and Control
Axis Motion Stabilized by Control Pilot Control
Longitudinal Roll Wings Aileron Yoke twist left or
right
Lateral Pitch Horizontal
stabilizer
Elevator Yoke forward or
aft
Vertical Yaw Vertical
stabilizer
Rudder Rudder pedals
Longitudinal
Axis
Lateral
Axis
Vertical
Axis
Roll Pitch
Yaw
12. Elevator Trim Tab System
• Elevator trim balances the control force necessary to maintain the
aerodynamic down force on the tail.
• When aircraft is flying, a lot of trim could be required to maintain the
desired angle of attack.
• This mainly applies to slow flight, where maintaining a nose-up attitude
requires a lot of trim.
• An important design parameter for aircraft is the stability of the aircraft
when trimmed for level flight.
• Any disturbances such as gusts or turbulence will be damped over a short
period of time and the aircraft will return to its level flight trimmed
airspeed.
13.
14. Rudder Trim Tab System
• Trim doesn't only apply to the elevator, as there is also trim for the
rudder and ailerons.
• The use of this is to counter the effects of slip stream, or to counter
the effects of the center of gravity being to one side.
• This can be caused by a larger weight on one side of the aircraft
compared to the other, such as when one fuel tank has a lot more
fuel in it than the other, or when there are heavier people on one side
of the aircraft than the other.
17. Flap Control System
• Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-
wing aircraft.
• As flaps are extended, the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced.
• Flaps are also used on the leading edge of the wings of some high-
speed jet aircraft, where they may be called Krueger flaps.
• Flaps increase the camber of the wing airfoil, thus raising the lift
coefficient. This increase in lift coefficient allows the aircraft to
generate a given amount of lift with a slower speed.
• Extending the flaps will reduce the stalling speed of an aircraft.
• They also increase drag which helps to slow the aircraft.
18.
19. Spoilers
• On low drag aircraft like sailplanes,
spoilers are used to disrupt airflow
over the wing and greatly increase
the amount of drag.
• This allows a glider pilot to lose
altitude without gaining excessive
airspeed.
• Spoilers are sometimes called "lift
dumpers". Spoilers that can be used
asymmetrically are called spoilerons
and are able to affect an aircraft's
roll.
High Lift Devices
20. Slats
• Also known as Leading Edge Devices.
• Are extensions to the front of a wing for lift augmentation, and are intended
to reduce the stalling speed by altering the airflow over the wing.
• May be fixed or retractable .
• Fixed slats give excellent slow speed and STOL (short take off and landing )
capabilities, but compromise higher speed performance.
• Retractable slats provide reduced stalling speed for take-off and landing, but
are retracted for cruising.
21. Autopilot
• An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic system
used to guide an aero plane without assistance from the pilot.
• The pilot is relieved of most of the physical & mental fatigue of
controlling an aircraft and is free to devote his attention to the
management and direction of progress of the flight.
• On newer aircrafts today, the Autopilot has evolved into a
complex feature encompassing microprocessors and decision
making systems which take over the complete control of an
aircraft from take-off to landing.
22. Input to system
1. Pilot commands
2. Sensors on exterior
3. Gyroscope
4. Accelerometer
5. Altimeter
6. GPS
7. ILS
Output from system
1. Servo motors
2. Actuators on exterior
3. Spoilers
4. Rudder
5. Elevator
6. Ailerons
7. Engines
Principle of Operation