This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamics and flight controls. It explains the four main forces that act on aircraft - lift, gravity/weight, thrust, and drag. It describes how control surfaces like the ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw. Finally, it gives a brief tour of common flight instruments that provide information to pilots like airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical speed. The goal is to help readers understand how aircraft fly and how pilots control and navigate them.
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Powered Flight explained from First Principles. Starts with Sir Issac Newton's Laws of motion. Explains concepts of Weight, Lift, Drag and Thrust. Controlling the flight using concepts of Pitch, Roll & Yaw explained with illustrations.How this is explained with the help of Ailerons, Rudder and Elevators explained. Clear visuals provided.
This presentation gives you eight simple tips on how to make your PowerPoint presentation slides more visually engaging, creative and fun. Try out these advice and you will make your best PowerPoint presentation ever.
This presentation was created by my powerpoint design agency Slides. We are based in Spain but have clients worldwide.
Drop me an email and we will discuss your project.
To help the curious class stay relevant, we’ve assembled an A-Z glossary of what we predict to be the 100 must-know terms and concepts for 2017.
We hope this cultural crib sheet will help prepare you for the year ahead.
Enjoy!
Powered Flight explained from First Principles. Starts with Sir Issac Newton's Laws of motion. Explains concepts of Weight, Lift, Drag and Thrust. Controlling the flight using concepts of Pitch, Roll & Yaw explained with illustrations.How this is explained with the help of Ailerons, Rudder and Elevators explained. Clear visuals provided.
This presentation gives you eight simple tips on how to make your PowerPoint presentation slides more visually engaging, creative and fun. Try out these advice and you will make your best PowerPoint presentation ever.
This presentation was created by my powerpoint design agency Slides. We are based in Spain but have clients worldwide.
Drop me an email and we will discuss your project.
To help the curious class stay relevant, we’ve assembled an A-Z glossary of what we predict to be the 100 must-know terms and concepts for 2017.
We hope this cultural crib sheet will help prepare you for the year ahead.
Enjoy!
What 33 Successful Entrepreneurs Learned From FailureReferralCandy
Entrepreneurs encounter failure often. Successful entrepreneurs overcome failure and emerge wiser. We've taken 33 lessons about failure from Brian Honigman's article "33 Entrepreneurs Share Their Biggest Lessons Learned from Failure", illustrated them with statistics and a little story about entrepreneurship... in space!
How People Really Hold and Touch (their Phones)Steven Hoober
For the newest version of this presentation, always go to: 4ourth.com/tppt
For the latest video version, see: 4ourth.com/tvid
Presented at ConveyUX in Seattle, 7 Feb 2014
For the newest version of this presentation, always go to: 4ourth.com/tppt
For the latest video version, see: 4ourth.com/tvid
We are finally starting to think about how touchscreen devices really work, and design proper sized targets, think about touch as different from mouse selection, and to create common gesture libraries.
But despite this we still forget the user. Fingers and thumbs take up space, and cover the screen. Corners of screens have different accuracy than the center. It's time to re-evaluate what we think we know.
Steven reviews his ongoing research into how people actually interact with mobile devices, presents some new ideas on how we can design to avoid errors and take advantage of this new knowledge, and leaves you with 10 (relatively) simple steps to improve your touchscreen designs tomorrow.
You are dumb at the internet. You don't know what will go viral. We don't either. But we are slighter less dumber. So here's a bunch of stuff we learned that will help you be less dumb too.
An impactful approach to the Seven Deadly Sins you and your Brand should avoid on Social Media! From a humoristic approach to a modern-life analogy for Social Media and including everything in between, this deck is a compelling resource that will provide you with more than a few take-aways for your Brand!
Digital Strategy 101 is an overview of the current state of digital strategy and an exploration of core concepts, deliverables, and thought-leaders relevant to young practitioners.
SEO has changed a lot over the last two decades. We all know about Google Panda & Penguin, but did you know there was a time when search engine results were returned by humans? Crazy right? We take a trip down memory lane to chart some of the biggest events in SEO that have helped shape the industry today.
Inside this guide, you'll learn an insiders tips and techniques to getting into the marketing industry - no job applications necessary.
You'll learn what marketing really is, why you'll find a job easily, what entry level marketing jobs look like and four actionable things you can try right now to help get you into the marketing industry.
Visit Inbound.org and the Inbound.org/jobs community jobs board to find opportunities and connect with professional marketers from all over.
The What If Technique presented by Motivate DesignMotivate Design
Why "What If"...?
The What If Technique tackles the challenge of engaging a creative, disruptive mindset when it comes to design thinking and crafting innovative user experiences.
Thinking disruptively is a disruptive thing to do, which means it's a very hard thing to do, especially when you add in risk-averse business leaders and company cultures, who hold on tight to psychological blocks, corporate lore, and excuse personas that stifle creativity and possibilities (see www.motivatedesign.com/what-if for more details).
The What If Technique offers key steps, tools and examples to help you achieve incremental changes that promote disruptive thinking, overcome barriers to creativity, and lead to big, innovative differences for business leaders, companies, and ultimately user experiences and products.
Let's find out what's what together! Explore your "What Ifs" with us. See www.motivatedesign.com/what-if for details about the What If Technique, studio workshops, the book, case studies and more downloads--including a the sample chapter "Corporate Lore and Blocks to Creativity"
Connect with us @Motivate_Design
Today we all live and work in the Internet Century, where technology is roiling the business landscape, and the pace of change is only accelerating.
In their new book How Google Works, Google Executive Chairman and ex-CEO Eric Schmidt and former SVP of Products Jonathan Rosenberg share the lessons they learned over the course of a decade running Google.
Covering topics including corporate culture, strategy, talent, decision-making, communication, innovation, and dealing with disruption, the authors illustrate management maxims with numerous insider anecdotes from Google’s history.
In an era when everything is speeding up, the best way for businesses to succeed is to attract smart-creative people and give them an environment where they can thrive at scale. How Google Works is a new book that explains how to do just that.
This is a visual preview of How Google Works. You can pick up a copy of the book at www.howgoogleworks.net
A presentation that guides the student through the forces acting on an aircraft, and how to fly a circuit at a typical airfield. This includes aircraft instrumentation and radio use. THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INTEREST AND SIMULATED FLIGHT ONLY, AS PROPER FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR ACTUAL FLIGHT
The axes of an aircraft are three imaginary lines that pass through an aircraft’s CG. The axes can be considered as imaginary axles around which the aircraft turns. The three axes pass through the CG at 90° angles to each other. The axis passes through the CG and parallel to a line from nose to tail is the longitudinal axis, the axis that passes parallel to a line from wingtip to wingtip is the lateral axis, and the axis that passes through the CG at right angles to the other two axes is the vertical axis. Whenever an aircraft changes its flight attitude or position in flight, it rotates about one or more of the three axes.
How PR professionals can leverage LinkedIn as a tool for more than personal networking. This presentation originally delivered to the Florida Public Relations Association (FPRA) Capital Chapter at their February 2014 meeting.
1. Welcome
B a s ic A e r o d y n a m ic s
a n d F lig h t C o n t r o ls
1
2. Learning Objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to…
v Explain the four basic aerodynamic forces that
act on aircraft
v Understand how these forces relate to and
interact with each other
v Identify common flight controls on aircraft
v Explain the affect that each control has on the
flight of an aircraft
v Identify hybrid flight controls of advanced
aircraft
2
4. Four Basic Forces
Lift
Bernoulli’s Principle:
v An increase in the velocity of any fluid is always
accompanied by a decrease in pressure.
v Since air behaves like a fluid,
Bernoulli’s Principle applies.
v Any time air moves, its
pressure is lower than when it
is still.
v The faster air moves,
the lower its pressure.
4
5. Four Basic Forces
Lift
Air traveling over the curved surface of
a wing has farther to go than air going under.
v Air above must move
lift faster in order to get to the
back at the same time as
the air underneath.
v Faster air means pressure
over the wing drops.
v The low pressure above
the wing lifts it up!
5
6. Four Basic Forces
GRAVITY
Gravity / Weight:
v All objects have mass, but the weight of an
object is the result of the force of gravity acting
on the mass.
v Since the force applied to the aircraft is the
same, gravity and weight are equivalent for our
purposes.
6
7. Four Basic Forces
GRAVITY
Center of Gravity:
v The average weight of all parts, fuel, and
payload is called the center of gravity.
v In flight, the aircraft rotates about the
center of gravity.
7
8. Four Basic Forces
GRAVITY
(D1*W1) + (D2*W2) + (D3*W3) + (D4*W4) + (D5*W5)
Distance to CG =
Total Weight
8
9. Four Basic Forces
v The purpose of thrust is to
Thrust
overcome drag, not to lift the
aircraft: A million pound
airliner has 4 engines that
produce a total of only
200,000 pounds of thrust.
The wings are doing the
lifting, not the engines.
v The direction of thrust
depends on the type of
engine and where they are
attached.
9
10. Four Basic Forces
drag
Definition of Drag:
v Drag is a mechanical force generated by a solid
object moving through a liquid.
v It results from the difference in velocity between
the object and the fluid.
v It can be considered to be aerodynamic friction
that opposes the movement of the aircraft.
v In layman’s terms it is often known as wind
resistance.
10
11. Four Basic Forces
drag
Types of Drag:
v Induced drag - Occurs whenever a lifting body
or a wing or generates lift.
v Caused by air under the wing slipping around the
wingtip to form a vortex which travels out behind the
wing creating drag.
v Also caused by downward force of wind leaving the
trailing edge of the wing. More drag is thus
produced at higher angles of attack.
11
12. Four Basic Forces
drag
Types of Drag:
v Parasitic drag
v Results from the aircraft pushing air out of the way
(form drag).
v Also caused by the friction of air against the actual
surface of the aircraft (skin friction).
v Air vortices caused by some surfaces or structures
on the plane can also cause interference drag.
12
14. The flight controls and instrument panel
are in the front of the cockpit.
14
15. Flight controls and instrument panels
vary, but have the same basic functions
“Glass Cockpit” Side Sticks
15
16. The control wheel or yoke is used
to steer the airplane in different directions.
Turning Left Straight and Level Turning Right
Side Stick Some airplanes have a stick rather
than a wheel. Moving the stick to
the right or left is like turning the
wheel, and moving it forward and
backward is like pushing the wheel
forward and back.
16
17. Moving the yoke (or pushing the stick) left or
right moves the ailerons in opposite directions
Turning Right
One moves up while the other moves down
17
19. Pulling back or pushing forward on the yoke
moves the elevators up or down
Climbing
Pulling back on yoke
moves elevators up,
causing tail to drop and
nose to rise.
19
21. Pressing rudder pedals on the floor moves the
rudder left or right to aid turns
Brakes are
located at the
top or “toe” of
the pedal
Rudder controls yaw
21
22. The airspeed indicator shows speed
through the air --- not over the ground
The pitot tube on
the wing catches
on-rushing air. This
“ram air” is
compared to static
air to determine air
speed.
The static port
measures still air that
is not affected by the
airplane’s speed
through the air
22
23. The attitude indicator provides an artificial
horizon to show the pilot the airplane’s
position in relation to the ground
Here, the airplane is banking
left with its nose on the
horizon —where brown
“ground” meets blue “sky.”
23
24. The altimeter measures air pressure outside the
airplane and compares it to air pressure at sea
level to determine altitude
Like clock hands, the long
hand shows smaller
increments (100s of feet) while
the shorter hand shows larger
increments (1,000s of feet).
This altimeter reads 1720 feet.
24
25. The turn coordinator shows if the wings are
level or banked. The position of the ball
indicates if the airplane is turning properly
Turn Coordinator
The ball is centered when
the turn is balanced by
rudder
25
26. The heading indicator displays the
direction of flight
This airplane is heading
south at 175 degrees.
26
27. The vertical speed indicator uses changes in air
pressure to indicate rate of climb or descent
Airplane is descending at
190 feet per minute
27
28. Radios help communicate with air traffic control
(ATC) and other pilots. Other radios help
navigate using ground stations or satellites.
28
29. Most airplanes have a radar transponder that
shows their location, speed and altitude to ATC
An assigned four-digit code
helps identify a particular
airplane on a controller’s radar
screen
29
30. Pilots increasingly use GPS satellite navigation
GPS can be small, handheld and
portable.
Flat-panel GPS moving maps and
flight displays are just like the
ones in airliners and some cars.
GPS can be used to
display position and
ground speed, locate
nearby airports, and plot
course, distance and
time to any destination
30