This document provides an overview of aircraft basics including: - The main components of an aircraft including wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plants. Wings can be high-wing, mid-wing, or low-wing and include ailerons and flaps. The empennage includes vertical and horizontal stabilizers with rudders and elevators. - The four main forces acting on an aircraft during flight: lift, thrust, weight, and drag. Bernoulli's equation is presented relating to lift. - Primary flight controls including ailerons, elevators, rudders, and various tail configurations. Pitch, yaw, and V-tail are also explained. - Secondary flight controls

1. AIRCRAFT BASICS
Presented By-
Yajnesh Chaturvedi
Mgr. (D), ASERDC

2. Aircraft

3. Aircraft Structure

4. Wings

5. Wing (Contd.)
• High-wing
• Mid-wing
• Low-wing
• Monoplanes – one set of wings
• Biplanes – two set of wings
• Ailerons
• Flaps

6. Empennage

7. Empennage (Contd.)
• Vertical stabilizer
• Horizontal stabilizer
• Rudder
• Elevator
• Trim tabs

8. Landing Gear
• Two main wheels and a third wheel at the
front or rear
• Parking,Taxiing, Take off, Landing
• Wheels - common
• Floats – water operation
• Skis - snow

9. Power Plant

10. Power Plant (Types)
• Pistonprop
• Turboprop
• Turbojet
• Turbofan
• Ramjet

11. Turbo Jet Engine

12. Single-spool Axial Flow Turbo Jet

13. Twin-spool By-pass Turbo-Jet

14. Ram Jet Engine

15. Lift, Thrust, Weight, and Drag

16. Bernaulli’s Equation
First term is the internal energy of unit mass of the air, ½ v² is the kinetic energy
of unit mass and gz is the potential energy of unit mass. Thus, Bernoulli’s
equation in this form is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy in
the absence of heat exchanged and work done.
This is Bernoulli’s equation for an incompressible fluid, i.e. a fluid that cannot
be compressed or expanded, and for which the density is invariable.

17. Aerofoil (Wing) Section

18. Air flow over an aerofoil inclined
at a small angle

19. Pressure Distribution over Aerofoil

20. Lift Produced

21. Principal Aerodynamic Forces
During Flight

22. Axes of an Airplane

23. Primary Flight Controls

24. Primary Flight Controls

25. Primary Flight Controls
• Aileron
• Elevator
• T-tail
• Canard
• Rudder
• V-tail

26. Pitch

27. Yaw

28. V-tail

29. Secondary Flight Controls
• Flaps
• Leading Edge Devices
• Spoilers
• Trim Devices

30. Flaps

31. Leading Edge Devices

32. Spoilers

33. Trim Systems
• Trim Tabs
• Balance Tabs
• Anti-servo Tabs
• Ground Adjustable Tabs
• Adjustable Stabilizer

34. Trim Tabs

35. Anti-servo Tabs

36. Ground Adjustable Tabs

37. Adjustable Stabilizer