The document discusses the primary control surfaces - ailerons, elevators, and rudder - of a fixed wing aircraft. Ailerons control rolling motion and are attached to the wingtips. Elevators control pitching motion and are mounted on the horizontal stabilizer. The rudder controls yawing motion and is attached to the vertical stabilizer. These control surfaces work by deflecting airflow to generate forces that rotate the aircraft around its axes.

1. Primary control surfaces
Submitted by:-
SHIVAM SONI (14/615)
Submitted to:-
ANSHUL BANSAL

2. Content
• Introduction
• Ailerons
• Elevator
• Rudder

3. Introduction
• Control surfaces of a fixed wing aircraft are
attached to the airframe on the hinges or
tracks so that they may move and thus
deflect the air stream passing over them.
• This redirection of the airstream generates
an unbalanced force to rotate the plane
about the associated axis.
• Control surfaces are used to change the
motion of aircraft in respective direction.

4. CONTROL SURFACE
• Two types of control surfaces:
• Primary control surfaces(ailerons, elevator,
&rudder)
• Secondary control surfaces(spoilers, flaps,
slats, & airbrakes)

5. Aircraft control surfaces

6. MOTION OF AN AIRPLANE

7. Ailerons

8. Ailerons
• Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of the each
wingtips and move in the opposite directions.
• When the pilot moves the stick ,the orientation of the
aileron changes such that the change in the orientation
deflects the wind and the airplane rotates in the
respective direction(due to tilting in LIFT vector).
• The plane continues to roll until the ailerons are
deflected in the opposite direction to nullify the initial
effect.

9. Aileron
• This motion is about the direction of the motion(X-
axis) of the airplane and is called ROLLINGMOTION.
• Aileron act as a controlling surface for rolling motion
and therefore are called LATERAL CONTROLS.

10. Elevator
• Moveable part of the horizontal stabilizer, hinged to
the back of the fixes part of the horizontal tail.
• Elevator moves upwards or downwards to create a
lift, resulting in a net moment about the CG of the
plane.
• Raised elevator push down the tail and cause the
nose to pitch up resulting in increase in angle of
attack and consequently the altitude.

11. Elevator
• In canard arrangement , the elevators are hinged to
the rear of a foreplane and move in the opposite
sense, for example when the pilot pulls the stick back
the elevators go down to increase the lift at the front
and lift the nose up.
• It result in motion about the direction of wing(Y-axis)
of the airplane and is called PITCHING MOTION.
• Elevator controls the latitudinal motion and are
therefore called LONGITUDINAL CONTROLS.

12. Rudder
• Rudder is typically mounted on the trailing edge of the
vertical stabilizer, part of the empennage.
• Rudder operates by redirecting the air past the fuselage
,thus imparting a turning motion to the airplane.
• Movement of the pedal causes movement of rudder in
the same direction.
• It results in Directional motion(along Z-axis) and rudder is
therefore called DIRECTIONAL CONTROLS. And perform’s
YAWING MOTION