The document discusses aircraft flight control systems. It describes the primary flight controls which include the elevator, aileron, and rudder control systems. The elevator controls pitch, the ailerons control roll, and the rudder controls yaw. Secondary flight controls include trim tabs that help balance aircraft control forces. Auxiliary controls include flaps, slats, and spoilers which help with lift during takeoff and landing. The document also provides an overview of autopilot systems, how they receive input from sensors and gyros, and how they output movements to flight control surfaces like ailerons and elevators to guide the aircraft without pilot assistance.
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
In this document of Theory of Flight
we are discussing some topics in detail which are:
Intereference drag
Induced drag
Factors that Affects Induced Drag:
Stabilator
All these topics are discussed in detail hope you like it................
Drones used in every field , in order to get suitable drone for suitable business, it is essential to check before buying. You must have knowledge about drones,its types and its features. In this presentation we have discussed basic things about drone, its features, advantages,disadvantages and types of drones. Also check our website to know more about best drone advisor and drones.
INTRODUCTION:
While a helicopter is a far more complex machine than an aeroplane, the fundamental principles of flight are the same.
The rotor blades of a helicopter are identical to the wings of an aeroplane –when air is blown over them, lift is produced.
The crucial difference is that the flow of air is produced by rotating the wings – or rotor blades – rather than by moving the whole aircraft.
When the rotor blades start to spin, the air flowing over them produces lift, and this can cause the helicopter to rise into the air.
So, the engine is used to turn the blades, and the turning blades produce the required lift.
In this document of Theory of Flight
we are discussing some topics in detail which are:
Intereference drag
Induced drag
Factors that Affects Induced Drag:
Stabilator
All these topics are discussed in detail hope you like it................
Drones used in every field , in order to get suitable drone for suitable business, it is essential to check before buying. You must have knowledge about drones,its types and its features. In this presentation we have discussed basic things about drone, its features, advantages,disadvantages and types of drones. Also check our website to know more about best drone advisor and drones.
INTRODUCTION:
While a helicopter is a far more complex machine than an aeroplane, the fundamental principles of flight are the same.
The rotor blades of a helicopter are identical to the wings of an aeroplane –when air is blown over them, lift is produced.
The crucial difference is that the flow of air is produced by rotating the wings – or rotor blades – rather than by moving the whole aircraft.
When the rotor blades start to spin, the air flowing over them produces lift, and this can cause the helicopter to rise into the air.
So, the engine is used to turn the blades, and the turning blades produce the required lift.
This Powerpoint Presentation reviews on the topic - Aeroplane and Its Parts (With aerodynamics).
It was made for Educational Purpose.
If anyone want source file, E-mail:- moideenthashreef@hotmail.com
A presentation that guides the student through the forces acting on an aircraft, and how to fly a circuit at a typical airfield. This includes aircraft instrumentation and radio use. THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INTEREST AND SIMULATED FLIGHT ONLY, AS PROPER FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR ACTUAL FLIGHT
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. Aircraft Control Systems
Aircraft flight control systems consist of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit
controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an
aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered as flight controls as
they change speed. They can be divided into three main groups:
• Primary flight control
• Secondary flight control
• Auxilliary flight control
4. Primary flight control
• Elevator Control System
• Aileron Control System
• Rudder Control System
5. Elevator Control System
• An elevator is mounted on the back edge of the horizontal stabilizer.
• They move up and down together.
• When the pilot pulls the stick backward, the elevators go up. And
vice versa.
• This makes the wings fly at a higher angle of attack which generates
more lift and more drag.
• Pitch movement
6.
7. Aileron Control System
• Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of each wing.
• They move in opposite directions.
• When the pilot moves the stick left, the left aileron goes up and the right
aileron goes down.
• A raised aileron reduces lift on the upward aileron and a lowered one
increases lift
• Centering the stick returns the ailerons to neutral maintaining the bank
angle.
• The plane will continue to turn until opposite aileron motion returns the
bank angle to zero to fly straight.
• Longitudinal axis
8.
9. Rudder Control System
• Mounted on the back edge of the fin in empennage.
• When the pilot pushes the left pedal, the rudder deflects left.
• Pushing the right pedal causes the rudder to deflect right.
• Deflecting the rudder right pushes the tail left and causes the nose to
yaw right.
• Centering the rudder pedals returns the rudder to neutral and stops
the yaw.
10.
11. Aircraft Motion and Control
Axis Motion Stabilized by Control Pilot Control
Longitudinal Roll Wings Aileron Yoke twist left or
right
Lateral Pitch Horizontal
stabilizer
Elevator Yoke forward or
aft
Vertical Yaw Vertical
stabilizer
Rudder Rudder pedals
Longitudinal
Axis
Lateral
Axis
Vertical
Axis
Roll Pitch
Yaw
13. Elevator Trim Tab System
• Elevator trim balances the control force necessary to maintain the
aerodynamic down force on the tail.
• When aircraft is flying, a lot of trim could be required to maintain the
desired angle of attack.
• This mainly applies to slow flight, where maintaining a nose-up attitude
requires a lot of trim.
• An important design parameter for aircraft is the stability of the aircraft
when trimmed for level flight.
• Any disturbances such as gusts or turbulence will be damped over a short
period of time and the aircraft will return to its level flight trimmed
airspeed.
14.
15. Rudder Trim Tab System
• Trim doesn't only apply to the elevator, as there is also trim for the
rudder and ailerons.
• The use of this is to counter the effects of slip stream, or to counter
the effects of the center of gravity being to one side.
• This can be caused by a larger weight on one side of the aircraft
compared to the other, such as when one fuel tank has a lot more
fuel in it than the other, or when there are heavier people on one side
of the aircraft than the other.
18. Flap Control System
• Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-
wing aircraft.
• As flaps are extended, the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced.
• Flaps are also used on the leading edge of the wings of some high-
speed jet aircraft, where they may be called Krueger flaps.
• Flaps increase the camber of the wing airfoil, thus raising the lift
coefficient. This increase in lift coefficient allows the aircraft to
generate a given amount of lift with a slower speed.
• Extending the flaps will reduce the stalling speed of an aircraft.
• They also increase drag which helps to slow the aircraft.
19.
20. Spoilers
• On low drag aircraft like sailplanes,
spoilers are used to disrupt airflow
over the wing and greatly increase
the amount of drag.
• This allows a glider pilot to lose
altitude without gaining excessive
airspeed.
• Spoilers are sometimes called "lift
dumpers". Spoilers that can be used
asymmetrically are called spoilerons
and are able to affect an aircraft's
roll.
High Lift Devices
21. Slats
• Also known as Leading Edge Devices.
• Are extensions to the front of a wing for lift augmentation, and are intended
to reduce the stalling speed by altering the airflow over the wing.
• May be fixed or retractable .
• Fixed slats give excellent slow speed and STOL (short take off and landing )
capabilities, but compromise higher speed performance.
• Retractable slats provide reduced stalling speed for take-off and landing, but
are retracted for cruising.
22. Autopilot
• An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic system
used to guide an aero plane without assistance from the pilot.
• The pilot is relieved of most of the physical & mental fatigue of
controlling an aircraft and is free to devote his attention to the
management and direction of progress of the flight.
• On newer aircrafts today, the Autopilot has evolved into a
complex feature encompassing microprocessors and decision
making systems which take over the complete control of an
aircraft from take-off to landing.
23. Input to system
1. Pilot commands
2. Sensors on exterior
3. Gyroscope
4. Accelerometer
5. Altimeter
6. GPS
7. ILS
Output from system
1. Servo motors
2. Actuators on exterior
3. Spoilers
4. Rudder
5. Elevator
6. Ailerons
7. Engines
PrincipleofOperation