Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
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1. The document describes how to use flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of calcium in bottled water samples. 2. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy works by aspirating and atomizing liquid samples using a flame, then measuring the absorption of light at characteristic wavelengths to detect specific metals. 3. The technique requires samples to be aspirated and mixed with combustible gases and ignited in a flame between 2100-2800°C to atomize the metals, which will absorb light from a hollow cathode lamp at wavelengths specific to each metal.
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ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Introduction
Principle
Instrumentation
1. Sharp line radiation source
2. Nebulizer and Burner
3. Monochromator
4. Photomultiplier
5. Recording system
Flameless vaporization techniques
1. Electro thermal atomizers
2. Cold vapour systems
3. Hydride generation systems
Interferences in atomic absorption spectroscopy
1. Special
2. Chemical
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) is a type of atomic absorption spectroscopy that uses a graphite-coated furnace to vaporize samples. Small aliquots of up to 100 microliters of aqueous samples are placed into the graphite tube and heated to high temperatures to break chemical bonds and produce free ground-state atoms. The amount of light absorbed by these atoms is proportional to the concentration of the element of interest. GFAAS offers greater sensitivity and lower detection limits than flame atomic absorption spectroscopy due to the higher temperatures achieved in the graphite furnace. It has applications in analyzing low metal concentrations in water samples and quantifying elements like beryllium in blood and serum.
FLAME EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses flame emission spectroscopy. It begins with an introduction stating that flame emission spectroscopy uses a flame to provide energy and excite atoms introduced into the flame. It then covers the history, principle, instrumentation, applications and potential interferences of flame emission spectroscopy. The principle involves desolvation, vaporization, atomization, excitation and emission of light at characteristic wavelengths. Common instrumentation components include burners, atomizers, monochromators, detectors and readouts. Applications include analysis of chemicals, soils, plants, waters and more. Potential issues include matrix, chemical, ionization and spectral interferences.
Atomic emission spectroscopy PPT
Atomic emission spectroscopy uses quantitative measurement of optical emission from excited atoms to determine analyte composition. The sample is nebulized and introduced into an excitation source like a flame where atoms are raised to excited states. Upon returning to lower states, atoms emit radiation of characteristic wavelengths, which are isolated and measured with a photodetector. The intensity of light emitted is proportional to the concentration of the emitting element in the sample.
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Recent Advances and Developments in Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for elemental analysis and has advanced with the introduction of non-combustion plasma sources like inductively coupled plasma. It works by exciting sample atoms in a heat source, causing electron transitions that emit photons of element-specific wavelengths. Modern instruments detect these photons through optical systems and can analyze solids using laser or spark ablation followed by plasma excitation. Applications include analysis of metals in pharmaceuticals, soils, alloys, and biological or environmental samples. The document reviews excitation sources, sample introduction methods, optical and detection components, and applications across various fields.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...Muhammad Asif Shaheeen
History, principle, types, instrumentation, comparison with atomic emission spectroscopy, interference, advantages and disadvantages of different types of atomization techniques.Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
These slide introduce the concept of atomic absorption for elemental analysis and highlight the basic principles and instrumentation of AAS.
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA -ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) uses a plasma to produce excited atoms and ions that emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths specific to elements. The document discusses how ICP-AES works, including that a sample is nebulized and transported to the plasma where it is atomized and excited, emitting radiation measured by a spectrometer. Common applications are clinical, environmental, pharmaceutical and industrial analysis to determine trace metal concentrations.
Recommended
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Introduction
Principle
Instrumentation
1. Sharp line radiation source
2. Nebulizer and Burner
3. Monochromator
4. Photomultiplier
5. Recording system
Flameless vaporization techniques
1. Electro thermal atomizers
2. Cold vapour systems
3. Hydride generation systems
Interferences in atomic absorption spectroscopy
1. Special
2. Chemical
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) is a type of atomic absorption spectroscopy that uses a graphite-coated furnace to vaporize samples. Small aliquots of up to 100 microliters of aqueous samples are placed into the graphite tube and heated to high temperatures to break chemical bonds and produce free ground-state atoms. The amount of light absorbed by these atoms is proportional to the concentration of the element of interest. GFAAS offers greater sensitivity and lower detection limits than flame atomic absorption spectroscopy due to the higher temperatures achieved in the graphite furnace. It has applications in analyzing low metal concentrations in water samples and quantifying elements like beryllium in blood and serum.
FLAME EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses flame emission spectroscopy. It begins with an introduction stating that flame emission spectroscopy uses a flame to provide energy and excite atoms introduced into the flame. It then covers the history, principle, instrumentation, applications and potential interferences of flame emission spectroscopy. The principle involves desolvation, vaporization, atomization, excitation and emission of light at characteristic wavelengths. Common instrumentation components include burners, atomizers, monochromators, detectors and readouts. Applications include analysis of chemicals, soils, plants, waters and more. Potential issues include matrix, chemical, ionization and spectral interferences.
Atomic emission spectroscopy PPT
Atomic emission spectroscopy uses quantitative measurement of optical emission from excited atoms to determine analyte composition. The sample is nebulized and introduced into an excitation source like a flame where atoms are raised to excited states. Upon returning to lower states, atoms emit radiation of characteristic wavelengths, which are isolated and measured with a photodetector. The intensity of light emitted is proportional to the concentration of the emitting element in the sample.
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Recent Advances and Developments in Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for elemental analysis and has advanced with the introduction of non-combustion plasma sources like inductively coupled plasma. It works by exciting sample atoms in a heat source, causing electron transitions that emit photons of element-specific wavelengths. Modern instruments detect these photons through optical systems and can analyze solids using laser or spark ablation followed by plasma excitation. Applications include analysis of metals in pharmaceuticals, soils, alloys, and biological or environmental samples. The document reviews excitation sources, sample introduction methods, optical and detection components, and applications across various fields.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, History, atomization techniques, and instrume...Muhammad Asif Shaheeen
History, principle, types, instrumentation, comparison with atomic emission spectroscopy, interference, advantages and disadvantages of different types of atomization techniques.Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
These slide introduce the concept of atomic absorption for elemental analysis and highlight the basic principles and instrumentation of AAS.
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA -ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) uses a plasma to produce excited atoms and ions that emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths specific to elements. The document discusses how ICP-AES works, including that a sample is nebulized and transported to the plasma where it is atomized and excited, emitting radiation measured by a spectrometer. Common applications are clinical, environmental, pharmaceutical and industrial analysis to determine trace metal concentrations.
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses the history, principle, instrumentation, interferences and applications of AAS. The key components of an AAS include a light source such as a hollow cathode lamp, a sample atomizer like a flame, and a detector like a photomultiplier tube. AAS can be used to quantitatively analyze over 60 elements in solution by measuring the absorption of ground state atoms. Sensitivity can be improved using techniques like graphite furnace atomic absorption or hydride generation.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
The document discusses various aspects of atomic absorption spectroscopy including the principles, instrumentation, and applications. It describes different atomization techniques like flame, electrothermal, hydride generation, and cold vapor that are used to convert samples into gaseous atoms. The key components of an atomic absorption spectrometer including the light sources, atomizers, monochromators, and detectors are summarized. Various performance characteristics, interferences, and sample preparation methods are also highlighted. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in many fields.
INSTRUMENTATION OF FLAME EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses different types of nebulizers used in atomic absorption spectroscopy. It describes several pneumatic nebulizers including concentric tubes, cross flow, and fritted disk nebulizers. It also mentions electrothermal vaporizers and ultrasound nebulizers. The document then discusses components of the flame atomization system including burners, mirrors, and slits used to deliver the sample to the flame and direct the emitted radiation to the detector.
atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy uses the principle that free atoms generated from a sample can absorb radiation at specific frequencies, allowing the technique to quantify the concentration of various metals and metalloids present. The sample is atomized using a flame or graphite furnace and exposed to light from a hollow cathode lamp, with absorption measured to generate calibration curves and determine unknown concentrations. AAS is a common analytical technique used across various fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and pharmaceutical applications.
FOURIER -TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETER [FTIR]
An Infrared spectrum represents a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks which correspond to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material-Because each different material is a unique combination of atoms, no two compounds produce the exact same spectrum, therefore IR can result in a unique identification of every different kind of material!
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in liquid or biological samples. It works by atomizing the sample then measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths corresponding to the element of interest. The instrument consists of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and readout. It can detect metals down to ppm concentrations and is used widely in clinical and food testing to analyze essential nutrients and toxic elements.
Flame emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy ppt
This document provides information on flame emission spectroscopy (FES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses the principles, instrumentation, interferences and applications of these techniques. The key points are:
- FES and AAS work by atomizing samples in a flame or furnace and measuring the absorption of light at characteristic wavelengths to determine elemental composition.
- Instrumentation includes burners/atomizers to vaporize samples, monochromators to select wavelengths, and detectors to measure absorption. Flames and electrothermal atomizers are commonly used.
- Applications include analysis of metals in materials, soils, waters and clinical/environmental samples. Calibration curves are used to determine unknown concentrations from measured absorb
Emission spectroscopy
The document discusses atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and two specific techniques: flame photometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Flame photometry uses a low temperature flame to atomize samples and determine the presence and concentration of sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. ICP-AES uses a plasma torch to produce excited atoms and ions from samples. The plasma is much hotter than a flame and allows for more complete atomization and a wider dynamic range of analysis.
Light sources for atomic absorption spectroscopy (aas)
This document discusses light sources and background corrections for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It describes two main light sources: hollow-cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps. Hollow-cathode lamps consist of a tungsten anode and metal cathode enclosed in a glass tube with inert gas. An applied voltage excites the gas to produce characteristic radiation from the coated metal. Electrodeless discharge lamps contain inert gas and metal salt excited by radio waves. The document also discusses methods to correct for spectral interferences, including continuum source correction, Zeeman effect background correction, and source self-reversal using high and low lamp currents.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms. It works by vaporizing a sample using a flame or graphite furnace atomizer and measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp at a specific wavelength corresponding to the element of interest. Key components of an atomic absorption spectrometer include the radiation source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and recorder. It can analyze over 60 elements and provides a sensitive technique for detecting metals in samples. Potential interferences include physical effects that alter nebulization or chemical effects that influence atomization.
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is a standard method for metal analysis where a sample is vaporized to form free atoms that are excited to higher energy states. When the atoms return to lower states, they emit photons of radiation. Modern instruments use non-combustion plasma sources like inductively coupled plasma. An atomic emission spectrometer consists of a sample atomizer, monochromator, and detector. The sample is vaporized and excited, then the emitted light is dispersed and measured to identify elemental composition. Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for applications like pharmaceutical and metals analysis, and determining mineral composition in materials.
Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometer , types of spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer working principle, instruments of AAS, cathode hollow lamp, chopper, Flame, Burner , total consumption burner, pre-mix burner , Monochromators prism and diffraction grating , read out device, types of AAS, Flame AAS , non flame AAS(Graphite furnace AAS ), applications , interference , atomic emission spectrophotometry different types of flame , principle of emission spectrophotometry, comparision of spectrophotometry.
Flame and atomic abosrption spectrophometry
Flame spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry are analytical techniques used to determine the presence of elements. Flame spectrophotometry uses the emission spectra of atoms in a flame, while atomic absorption spectrometry uses atomic absorption of light to analyze elements. Both techniques involve aspirating a sample solution into a flame to vaporize, dissociate, and excite the atoms. The emitted or absorbed light is then measured with a spectrometer to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze elemental composition. These techniques are used in applications such as water analysis, food testing, and clinical analysis.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique that uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of atomic absorption in a sample. It works by vaporizing the sample into atoms, then measuring how much light is absorbed by the atoms at a specific wavelength. The amount of absorption is directly related to the concentration of the element being measured. The key components of an atomic absorption spectroscopy system are the lamp sources, which emit specific wavelengths of light corresponding to the element being analyzed, the atomization process which turns solid or liquid samples into gaseous atoms, detectors that convert light signals into electrical signals, and monochromators that isolate the desired wavelength of light. Potential sources of interference must also be considered and addressed. Common applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is a technique used to identify elements in a sample based on the wavelengths of light emitted by atoms excited by a heat source like a flame, furnace, or plasma. It works by exciting the sample atoms, which then relax and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. The light is separated by wavelength and the intensities are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Common excitation sources include flames, arcs, sparks, and inductively coupled plasma, with the plasma being the most widely used currently due to its ability to analyze a wide range of elements simultaneously.
Mass spectroscopy pdf
This document provides an introduction to mass spectrometry, including definitions, principles, instrumentation, ionization techniques, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how mass spectrometry works to ionize chemical compounds and measure their mass-to-charge ratios to determine molecular structures. The key components of a mass spectrometer and various ionization methods are defined. Applications including qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, proteomics, and combination with chromatography are summarized.
Flame photometer (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) Flame emission spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of flame photometry, which uses the intensity of light emitted from atoms in a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in solutions. It describes the basic principles, where a sample is nebulized into a flame and the heat excites the metal atoms to emit light at specific wavelengths. It then discusses the key components of a flame photometer in detail, including the nebulizer, burners, mirrors, slits, and detectors used to measure the light intensities and determine concentrations. Limitations of the technique are that only certain elements can be analyzed as solutions that are volatile in flames.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to detect metals and some non-metals in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample in a flame or furnace and measuring how much light of a specific wavelength is absorbed, which is proportional to the concentration of the metal in the sample. The sample is converted to free atoms that can then absorb light, and instruments consist of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, and detector to measure absorption and determine concentrations. It is a common method for trace metal analysis.
Chemical ionization
This document discusses mass spectrometry and chemical ionization. It explains that mass spectrometry can provide molecular structure information by determining molecular weight. Chemical ionization is a softer ionization technique than electron ionization, which causes less fragmentation and makes it easier to detect molecular ions. The document describes the instrumentation for chemical ionization, where a reagent gas like methane is ionized by electrons and the resulting ions collide with analyte molecules to form positively or negatively charged molecular ions depending on the mode used. The advantages of chemical ionization are also summarized.
Inductively coupled mass spectrometry
This document provides an overview of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-MS uses a plasma to atomize and ionize elemental samples and then a mass spectrometer to separate and detect ions to determine elemental composition. Key components include the sample introduction system, plasma torch, mass filter, and detector. ICP-MS can detect over 70 elements at very low concentrations (parts-per-trillion levels) and is widely used in applications like semiconductor analysis, biological research, and geochemistry. Limitations include potential matrix effects and polyatomic interferences.
Week 6-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.pptx
Dr. Animikh Ray is a scientist who works at the Father Muller Research Center and teaches at the Father Muller Medical College department of biochemistry. Atomic spectroscopy techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are commonly used to determine the concentration of elements in samples. AAS works by atomizing a sample in a flame and measuring its absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp, while ICP-MS uses a plasma to atomize samples and then detects elements via their mass-to-charge ratios. These techniques can detect most elements down to parts-per-million or lower concentrations and are widely applied in fields like nutrition, toxicology, and clinical
Flame emission & atomic absorption spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of flame emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It discusses the theory, principles, instrumentation, interferences and applications of both techniques. Flame emission spectroscopy measures the light emitted from excited atoms in a flame, while atomic absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms. Both can be used to analyze metals but atomic absorption spectroscopy provides better precision and is applicable to more elements.
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Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses the history, principle, instrumentation, interferences and applications of AAS. The key components of an AAS include a light source such as a hollow cathode lamp, a sample atomizer like a flame, and a detector like a photomultiplier tube. AAS can be used to quantitatively analyze over 60 elements in solution by measuring the absorption of ground state atoms. Sensitivity can be improved using techniques like graphite furnace atomic absorption or hydride generation.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
The document discusses various aspects of atomic absorption spectroscopy including the principles, instrumentation, and applications. It describes different atomization techniques like flame, electrothermal, hydride generation, and cold vapor that are used to convert samples into gaseous atoms. The key components of an atomic absorption spectrometer including the light sources, atomizers, monochromators, and detectors are summarized. Various performance characteristics, interferences, and sample preparation methods are also highlighted. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in many fields.
INSTRUMENTATION OF FLAME EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
This document discusses different types of nebulizers used in atomic absorption spectroscopy. It describes several pneumatic nebulizers including concentric tubes, cross flow, and fritted disk nebulizers. It also mentions electrothermal vaporizers and ultrasound nebulizers. The document then discusses components of the flame atomization system including burners, mirrors, and slits used to deliver the sample to the flame and direct the emitted radiation to the detector.
atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy uses the principle that free atoms generated from a sample can absorb radiation at specific frequencies, allowing the technique to quantify the concentration of various metals and metalloids present. The sample is atomized using a flame or graphite furnace and exposed to light from a hollow cathode lamp, with absorption measured to generate calibration curves and determine unknown concentrations. AAS is a common analytical technique used across various fields like environmental analysis, food testing, and pharmaceutical applications.
FOURIER -TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETER [FTIR]
An Infrared spectrum represents a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks which correspond to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material-Because each different material is a unique combination of atoms, no two compounds produce the exact same spectrum, therefore IR can result in a unique identification of every different kind of material!
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in liquid or biological samples. It works by atomizing the sample then measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths corresponding to the element of interest. The instrument consists of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and readout. It can detect metals down to ppm concentrations and is used widely in clinical and food testing to analyze essential nutrients and toxic elements.
Flame emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy ppt
This document provides information on flame emission spectroscopy (FES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It discusses the principles, instrumentation, interferences and applications of these techniques. The key points are:
- FES and AAS work by atomizing samples in a flame or furnace and measuring the absorption of light at characteristic wavelengths to determine elemental composition.
- Instrumentation includes burners/atomizers to vaporize samples, monochromators to select wavelengths, and detectors to measure absorption. Flames and electrothermal atomizers are commonly used.
- Applications include analysis of metals in materials, soils, waters and clinical/environmental samples. Calibration curves are used to determine unknown concentrations from measured absorb
Emission spectroscopy
The document discusses atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and two specific techniques: flame photometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Flame photometry uses a low temperature flame to atomize samples and determine the presence and concentration of sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. ICP-AES uses a plasma torch to produce excited atoms and ions from samples. The plasma is much hotter than a flame and allows for more complete atomization and a wider dynamic range of analysis.
Light sources for atomic absorption spectroscopy (aas)
This document discusses light sources and background corrections for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It describes two main light sources: hollow-cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps. Hollow-cathode lamps consist of a tungsten anode and metal cathode enclosed in a glass tube with inert gas. An applied voltage excites the gas to produce characteristic radiation from the coated metal. Electrodeless discharge lamps contain inert gas and metal salt excited by radio waves. The document also discusses methods to correct for spectral interferences, including continuum source correction, Zeeman effect background correction, and source self-reversal using high and low lamp currents.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms. It works by vaporizing a sample using a flame or graphite furnace atomizer and measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp at a specific wavelength corresponding to the element of interest. Key components of an atomic absorption spectrometer include the radiation source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and recorder. It can analyze over 60 elements and provides a sensitive technique for detecting metals in samples. Potential interferences include physical effects that alter nebulization or chemical effects that influence atomization.
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is a standard method for metal analysis where a sample is vaporized to form free atoms that are excited to higher energy states. When the atoms return to lower states, they emit photons of radiation. Modern instruments use non-combustion plasma sources like inductively coupled plasma. An atomic emission spectrometer consists of a sample atomizer, monochromator, and detector. The sample is vaporized and excited, then the emitted light is dispersed and measured to identify elemental composition. Atomic emission spectroscopy is used for applications like pharmaceutical and metals analysis, and determining mineral composition in materials.
Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometer , types of spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer working principle, instruments of AAS, cathode hollow lamp, chopper, Flame, Burner , total consumption burner, pre-mix burner , Monochromators prism and diffraction grating , read out device, types of AAS, Flame AAS , non flame AAS(Graphite furnace AAS ), applications , interference , atomic emission spectrophotometry different types of flame , principle of emission spectrophotometry, comparision of spectrophotometry.
Flame and atomic abosrption spectrophometry
Flame spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry are analytical techniques used to determine the presence of elements. Flame spectrophotometry uses the emission spectra of atoms in a flame, while atomic absorption spectrometry uses atomic absorption of light to analyze elements. Both techniques involve aspirating a sample solution into a flame to vaporize, dissociate, and excite the atoms. The emitted or absorbed light is then measured with a spectrometer to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze elemental composition. These techniques are used in applications such as water analysis, food testing, and clinical analysis.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique that uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of atomic absorption in a sample. It works by vaporizing the sample into atoms, then measuring how much light is absorbed by the atoms at a specific wavelength. The amount of absorption is directly related to the concentration of the element being measured. The key components of an atomic absorption spectroscopy system are the lamp sources, which emit specific wavelengths of light corresponding to the element being analyzed, the atomization process which turns solid or liquid samples into gaseous atoms, detectors that convert light signals into electrical signals, and monochromators that isolate the desired wavelength of light. Potential sources of interference must also be considered and addressed. Common applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy is a technique used to identify elements in a sample based on the wavelengths of light emitted by atoms excited by a heat source like a flame, furnace, or plasma. It works by exciting the sample atoms, which then relax and emit light of characteristic wavelengths. The light is separated by wavelength and the intensities are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Common excitation sources include flames, arcs, sparks, and inductively coupled plasma, with the plasma being the most widely used currently due to its ability to analyze a wide range of elements simultaneously.
Mass spectroscopy pdf
This document provides an introduction to mass spectrometry, including definitions, principles, instrumentation, ionization techniques, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how mass spectrometry works to ionize chemical compounds and measure their mass-to-charge ratios to determine molecular structures. The key components of a mass spectrometer and various ionization methods are defined. Applications including qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, proteomics, and combination with chromatography are summarized.
Flame photometer (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) Flame emission spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of flame photometry, which uses the intensity of light emitted from atoms in a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions in solutions. It describes the basic principles, where a sample is nebulized into a flame and the heat excites the metal atoms to emit light at specific wavelengths. It then discusses the key components of a flame photometer in detail, including the nebulizer, burners, mirrors, slits, and detectors used to measure the light intensities and determine concentrations. Limitations of the technique are that only certain elements can be analyzed as solutions that are volatile in flames.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to detect metals and some non-metals in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample in a flame or furnace and measuring how much light of a specific wavelength is absorbed, which is proportional to the concentration of the metal in the sample. The sample is converted to free atoms that can then absorb light, and instruments consist of a light source, atomizer, monochromator, and detector to measure absorption and determine concentrations. It is a common method for trace metal analysis.
Chemical ionization
This document discusses mass spectrometry and chemical ionization. It explains that mass spectrometry can provide molecular structure information by determining molecular weight. Chemical ionization is a softer ionization technique than electron ionization, which causes less fragmentation and makes it easier to detect molecular ions. The document describes the instrumentation for chemical ionization, where a reagent gas like methane is ionized by electrons and the resulting ions collide with analyte molecules to form positively or negatively charged molecular ions depending on the mode used. The advantages of chemical ionization are also summarized.
Inductively coupled mass spectrometry
This document provides an overview of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-MS uses a plasma to atomize and ionize elemental samples and then a mass spectrometer to separate and detect ions to determine elemental composition. Key components include the sample introduction system, plasma torch, mass filter, and detector. ICP-MS can detect over 70 elements at very low concentrations (parts-per-trillion levels) and is widely used in applications like semiconductor analysis, biological research, and geochemistry. Limitations include potential matrix effects and polyatomic interferences.
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Similar to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Week 6-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.pptx
Dr. Animikh Ray is a scientist who works at the Father Muller Research Center and teaches at the Father Muller Medical College department of biochemistry. Atomic spectroscopy techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are commonly used to determine the concentration of elements in samples. AAS works by atomizing a sample in a flame and measuring its absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp, while ICP-MS uses a plasma to atomize samples and then detects elements via their mass-to-charge ratios. These techniques can detect most elements down to parts-per-million or lower concentrations and are widely applied in fields like nutrition, toxicology, and clinical
Flame emission & atomic absorption spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of flame emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It discusses the theory, principles, instrumentation, interferences and applications of both techniques. Flame emission spectroscopy measures the light emitted from excited atoms in a flame, while atomic absorption spectroscopy measures the absorption of light by ground state atoms. Both can be used to analyze metals but atomic absorption spectroscopy provides better precision and is applicable to more elements.
Atomic absorption & flame emission spectrophotometry by Dr. Anurag Yadav
The document discusses various techniques in atomic spectrophotometry including atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and flame emission spectrophotometry. It describes the basic principles, instrumentation, and components of AAS including the light source, burner, monochromator, detector, and methods of determining analyte concentration from calibration curves. Flame emission spectrophotometry is similar but analyte atoms are excited in the flame rather than in the ground state. Alternative techniques like flameless atomic absorption using graphite tubes are also summarized. The document compares AAS and emission spectroscopy and discusses sources of interference in atomic absorption measurements.
Aas
Atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy are analytical techniques used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in solutions by measuring the absorption or emission of light from ground state and excited state atoms. Both techniques involve atomizing the sample using a flame or graphite furnace and using a light source and monochromator to detect specific elemental absorption or emission spectra, with the main difference being that atomic absorption relies on light absorption by ground state atoms while atomic emission detects light emitted from excited atoms. These techniques are commonly used for trace metal analysis in applications such as environmental monitoring, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical and food analysis.
Atomic absorption & flame emissionn.pptx
This document discusses atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame emission spectroscopy. It begins by explaining the basic principles of atomic absorption spectroscopy, where ground state atoms absorb radiation from a light source in a flame. It then describes the typical instrumentation used, including the light source, burner, monochromator, detector, and readout device. Applications include clinical analysis and environmental monitoring. Flame emission spectroscopy is also covered, noting that excited atoms emit radiation characteristic of the element. Both techniques can be used to measure trace metal concentrations, though they differ in whether they detect absorbed or emitted radiation. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided.
Absorption and emission spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used for elemental analysis of metals in liquids. It works by vaporizing the sample then exciting the metal atoms with light of a specific wavelength, which they will absorb. This allows for sensitive and precise quantification of metal content down to ppb levels, regardless of the chemical form of the metal in the sample. The technique involves a light source, atomizer, monochromator, detector, and means of measuring absorption. It provides a simple yet powerful way to determine total metal concentrations in samples.
Mridu- AAS.pptx
a brief discussion of AAS, an analytical technique use for heavy metal analysis. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a quantitative method of analysis of any kind of sample; that is applicable to many metals
AAS can be used to determine over 70 different elements in solution, or directly in solid samples via electro thermal vaporization.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is a very common technique for detecting metals and metalloids in samples.
It is very reliable and simple to use.
It also measures the concentration of metals in the sample.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the concentration of an element by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed at a characteristic wavelength when it passes through cloud of atoms
As the number of atoms in the light path increases, the amount of light absorbed increases.
Applications: Presence of metals as an impurity or in alloys can be perform.
Level of metals could be detected in tissue samples like Aluminum in blood and Copper in brain tissues.
Due to wear and tear there are different sorts of metals which are given in the lubrication oils which could be determined for the analysis of conditions of machines.
Determination of elements in the agricultural samples.
Water sample analysis (e.g. Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Al, Ba content).
Food sample analysis.
Analysis of animal feedstuffs (e.g. Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Se, Zn).
Analysis of additives in lubricating oils and greases (Ba, Ca, Na, Li, Zn, Mg). analysis of soils.
Clinical sample analysis (blood samples: whole blood, plasma, serum; Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Fe).
Analysis of Environmental samples such as- drinking water, ocean water, soil.
Pharmaceutical sample Analysis: Estimation of zinc in insulin preparation, calcium in calcium salt is done by using AAS. Principle: The sample, in solution, is aspirated as a spray into a chamber, where it is mixed with air and fuel.
This mixture passes through baffles, here large drops fall and are drained off. Only fine droplets reach the flame.
Light from the hollow-cathode lamp passes through the sample of ground-state atoms in the flame.
The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration.
The element being determined must be reduced to the elemental state, vaporized, and imposed in the beam of the radiation in the source.
When a ground-state atom absorbs light energy, an excited atom is produced.
The excited atom then returns to the ground state, emitting light of the same energy as it absorbed.
The flame sample thus contains a dynamic population of ground-state and excited atoms, both absorbing and emitting radiant energy. The emitted energy from the flame will go in all directions, and it will be a steady emission.
Because the purpose of the instrument is to measure the amount of light absorbed, the light detector must be able to distinguish between the light beam emitted by the hollow cathode lamp and that emitted by excited atoms in the flame.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry - AAS
It relate with the spectrophotometry. The components and the uses of each of them are detailed. The ultimate goal of using this spectrometry and the uses of them also explained well.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy lec
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique used to detect metals and some non-metals in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample in a flame or graphite furnace and measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths that are characteristic of different elements. The amount of light absorbed can then be used to determine the concentration of those elements in the original sample. It is a common, reliable, and simple method that can analyze over 60 different elements at very low concentrations.
AAS.ppt
This document discusses atomic spectroscopy techniques for metal analysis. It introduces principles of atomic spectroscopy including absorption, emission, and fluorescence. Instrumentation for atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are described. Factors for selecting the proper atomic spectroscopy technique for a given application are also covered.
Atomic absorption-spectrometry
Atomic absorption spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the concentration of elements in a sample by converting them to gaseous atoms and measuring how much light of a specific wavelength they absorb. It works by vaporizing the sample using a flame or heating and passing light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element through it. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element and is measured using a detector. It has various applications in fields like clinical analysis, environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, mining and more. The document provides details on how atomic absorption spectrometry works and the components involved like the light source, atomization methods, and calibration.
Atomic absorption-spectrometry
Atomic absorption spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the concentration of elements in a sample by converting them into gaseous atoms and measuring how much light of a specific wavelength they absorb. It can detect down to parts per billion and is used in clinical, environmental, pharmaceutical, industrial, and mining applications. The technique works by vaporizing the sample using a flame or heating and passing light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element through the vapor, then measuring the absorption with a detector. It provides a sensitive and specific way to determine concentrations of metals and other elements in various materials.
APA seminar
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in a sample. It works by measuring the absorption of light passing through atoms of the element of interest that have been atomized in a flame. The amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the number of ground state atoms present, which allows the technique to be used for quantitative analysis. The instrument consists of a hollow cathode lamp, burner, monochromator, and photomultiplier tube to measure absorption. Applications include determining trace elements in biological samples and quantifying metals in foods, soils, and industrial samples.
AAS.pptx
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to determine the concentration of metal elements in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample in a flame and measuring the absorption of light from a lamp at specific wavelengths corresponding to elements. The instrument is calibrated using standards of known concentration to create a calibration curve relating absorption to concentration. Absorption measurements of samples can then be used to determine unknown concentrations by reference to the calibration curve.
Presentation biological techinque copy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a common technique for detecting metals and metalloids in samples. It works by measuring the absorption of light by free metallic ions in a flame. The instrument uses a hollow cathode lamp to produce light of a specific wavelength, and a burner to atomize the liquid sample and produce free atoms. It can be used to quantitatively analyze over 62 elements in various materials like water, soil, biological samples, and ceramics. Some key applications include analyzing heavy metals in blood and urine, determining nutrient levels in foods, and measuring metal concentrations in groundwater.
AAS interference.pptx
introduction
Interference is a phenomena
that leads to changes (either positive or negative) in intensity of the analyte signal in spectroscopy.
Interferences in atomic absorption spectroscopy fall into two basic categories, namely, non-spectral and spectral.
1. spectral 2. Non Spectral ( Matrix interference, chemical interference, ionization interference)
PRINCIPLE - atomic absorpion spectroscopy
Atoms of the analyte have a fixed number of electrons.
If the light of a specific wavelength is passed through a flame containing that atom, electrons present in different energy levels, known as orbitals, absorb a certain wavelength and excite to higher energy levels.
The extent of absorption ά the number of ground-state atoms in the flame.
Only for information- The ground state is more stable than the excited state. The electrons spontaneously return back to the ground state. It emits the same amount of radiant energy. This process is called fluorescence. Fluorescence is used in atomic emission spectroscopy.
Brief note on - Instrumentation
The basic components of atomic absorption are:
Light source
Chopper
Atomizer
Burners
flames
Monochromators
Detectors
Amplifier
Readout devices
WORKING PROCESS
Calibration
Quantitative analysis in AAS
Safety measures
Important questions and answer
Atomic absorption
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metal elements in solutions. It works by vaporizing the sample into atoms and measuring how much light of a specific wavelength is absorbed. The technique was largely developed in the 1950s and can analyze over 70 metal elements. It uses a light source, atomizer like a flame or graphite furnace to vaporize samples, monochromator, and detector. Flame atomic absorption is common but graphite furnace offers greater sensitivity for smaller sample sizes.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the concentration of elements in samples. It works by vaporizing the sample into free atoms and passing light from a hollow cathode lamp of the target element through the vapor. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element. The technique has various applications in fields like clinical analysis, environmental monitoring, and mining. It involves preparing samples, calibrating the instrument using standards, and accounting for potential interferences from other elements or molecules.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectrometry analyzes samples by breaking them down into atoms and measuring the absorption of light of a specific wavelength by those atoms. It works by vaporizing a sample in a flame and passing light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element being analyzed through the flame. The extent to which light is absorbed is proportional to the number of ground state atoms present and can be used to determine the elemental composition of a sample. Key components of an AAS instrument include the hollow cathode lamp light source, the flame atomizer and fuel system to vaporize samples, a monochromator to select the wavelength of light, and a photomultiplier detector to measure light absorption.
Instru booklet
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the concentration of metals and metalloids in samples. It works by heating the sample to atomize it and measuring the absorption of light from a hollow cathode lamp of the element of interest. The amount of absorption is proportional to the concentration of the element. The technique has high sensitivity and specificity. It is used in applications like clinical analysis, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, and industrial quality control. Potential interferences include chemical bonding and ionization of elements.
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Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 1. 1 INSTRUMENTALANALYSIS LAB. Mr Haydar A.M.S BSc, MSc Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Email: Haydar.kovly@gmail.com
- 3. Aim of the experiment 3 To be familiar with using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Determination of calcium (Ca) in bottled water.
- 4. 4 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is an analytical technique that measures the concentrations of elements. • Used for qualitative and quantitative detection. • It’s used for the determination of the presence and concentrations of metals in liquid samples. • Metals that can be detected include Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Ca, Zn, Cd and many more. • Concentrations range is in the low mg/L (ppm) range.
- 5. 5 The AAS instrument Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 6. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: 6 The technique requires a liquid sample to be aspirated, aerosolized, and mixed with combustible gases, such as acetylene and air or acetylene and nitrous oxide. The mixture is ignited in a flame whose temperature ranges from 2100 to 2800 ºC. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 7. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: •When metals are exposed to heat, they absorb light that emit from the source. •Each metal absorbs light at a characteristic frequency. For example: Metal Zn Fe Cu Ca Na λ (nm) 214 248 325 423 589 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 8. 1. We set the instrument at certain wavelength suitable for a certain element 2. The element in the sample will be atomized by heat 4. The monochromator isolates the line of interest 3. The element in the sample will absorb some of the light, thus reducing its intensity 5. The detector measures the change in intensity 6. A computer data system converts the change in intensity into an absorbance The simple diagram for the AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 9. Light absorption 9 unexcited ground state atoms, which absorb light at characteristic wavelengths, as shown in the figure. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 10. Lamp (Hollow Cathode Lamp) 10 Consists of a cathode and an anode. The cathode is made of the element of interest. The Anode consists of tungsten 1. A large voltage across the anode and cathode will cause the inert gas to ionize. 2. The inert gas ions will then be accelerated into the cathode, sputtering off atoms from the cathode. 3. Both the inert gas and the sputtered cathode atoms will in turn be excited by collisions with each other. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 11. Lamp (Hollow Cathode Lamp) 11 4- When these excited atoms decay to lower energy levels they emit a few spectral lines characteristic of the element of interest. 5- The light is emitted directionally through the lamp's window, a window made of a glass transparent in the UV and visible wavelengths. 6- The light can then be detected and a spectrum can be determined. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 12. Lamp (Hollow Cathode Lamp) 12 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 13. 13 Fuel and oxidant flame b Air – acetylene Air- propane Air- hydrogen b Nitrous oxide – acetylene Auxiliary oxidant Fuel Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 14. 14 Common fuels and oxidants used in flame spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 15. 15 The Flame Calcium Flame Copper Flame Potassium Flame Manganese Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- 16. 16 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy PerkinElmer Analyst 200
- 17. 17 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Lamp installation
- 18. 18 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Nebulizer To convert the test solution to gaseous atoms (produce a mist or aerosol)
- 19. 19 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Safety Consideration
- 20. 20 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Safety Consideration
- 21. 21 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Safety Consideration Dealing carefully with gas cylinder and air compressor.