Fiber Bragg gratings are filters built into the core of optical fibers that reflect specific wavelengths of light and transmit others. They can be used as inline filters or wavelength-specific reflectors to improve optical signal quality. The document discusses several types of FBGs: uniform FBGs with consistent grating periods; chirped FBGs with varying periods that act as dispersion compensators; blazed FBGs with tilted grating planes that reflect light out of the fiber; phase-shifted FBGs with periodic index changes that create narrow transmission windows; and long-period FBGs that couple light into cladding modes, removing resonant wavelengths from the system. Each FBG type has distinct features and applications in optical communications, sensing, and laser
This narrated power point presentation attempts to examine the losses due to non-linear effects in optical fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This narrated power point presentation attempts to examine the losses due to non-linear effects in optical fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
*(PPT was prepared for a 15 min presentation)
The topic "Photonic Integrated circuit technology" is in itself very vast that it cant be explained completely in a matter of minutes, so it is better to focus on a particular type of PIC throughout the presentation .(because,based on substrate material,the technology changes and it is always important to maintain a flow throughout the presentation).
Research well on the topic,do your best and leave the rest
:)
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Characterization of Photonic Crystal FiberSurbhi Verma
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. Because of its ability to confine light in hollow cores or with confinement characteristics not possible in conventional optical fiber, PCF is now finding applications in fiber-optic communications, fiber lasers, nonlinear devices, high-power transmission, highly sensitive gas sensors, and other areas.
In this project, photonic crystal fibers and far field measurement technique was described. The project also focused on the development of analytical formulae and a method to characterize PCF from its far field radiation pattern using effective index approach considering PCF to be similar to single mode step index fiber. This project was an explanation of an already published research paper
A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the working principle, types, classifications, merits, demerits, applications,safety and deployment issues related to Raman Amplifiers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
*(PPT was prepared for a 15 min presentation)
The topic "Photonic Integrated circuit technology" is in itself very vast that it cant be explained completely in a matter of minutes, so it is better to focus on a particular type of PIC throughout the presentation .(because,based on substrate material,the technology changes and it is always important to maintain a flow throughout the presentation).
Research well on the topic,do your best and leave the rest
:)
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Characterization of Photonic Crystal FiberSurbhi Verma
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. Because of its ability to confine light in hollow cores or with confinement characteristics not possible in conventional optical fiber, PCF is now finding applications in fiber-optic communications, fiber lasers, nonlinear devices, high-power transmission, highly sensitive gas sensors, and other areas.
In this project, photonic crystal fibers and far field measurement technique was described. The project also focused on the development of analytical formulae and a method to characterize PCF from its far field radiation pattern using effective index approach considering PCF to be similar to single mode step index fiber. This project was an explanation of an already published research paper
A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the working principle, types, classifications, merits, demerits, applications,safety and deployment issues related to Raman Amplifiers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Temperature and strain sensitivity of long period grating fiber sensor revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Long period grating fibers are special class of fibers which are produced by periodic modulation of the refractive index of the core. This perturbation leads to forward guiding mode to couple with co propagating cladding modes depending on the phase matching condition. This coupling causes the cladding modes to attenuate during propagation in the fiber and leads to dips in the attenuation bands at discrete wavelengths in the transmission spectrum. These bands are shifted when the LPG is exposed to temperature, strain, refractive index changes in surrounding environment etc. This forms the basis of LPG sensor. The properties of LPG are modified in order to achieve the required sensitivity towards any measurands as per the applications. The performance of LPG by modifying the properties of LPG is reviewed.
Keywords: Optical fiber, Optical fiber sensor, Fiber Bragg, Long period grating, Strain, Temperature
A Flexible and Stretchable Tactile Sensor utilizing Static Electricity
The tactile sensor is required for various robots.
In humanoid robots, flexibility of the sensor is an important
feature for preventing physical damage and for interacting
with the human. Moreover, stretchability of the sensor has
advantages that the sensor is nonbreakable and that the sensor can be easily mounted on curved surfaces or deformable parts such as joints. This paper proposes a novel tactile sensor made of flexible and stretchable silicone rubber.
A structure of the sensor is similar to the capacitive tactile sensors. However, the proposed sensor utilizes a different principle from existing sensors. The sensor utilizes static electricity and electrostatic induction phenomenon, and can detect some touch conditions.
This paper reports the principle and characteristics of the
proposed sensor. Experiments show that the sensor output
depends on touch area, touch velocity, and material of touch
objects. However, the sensor does not depend on touch weight.
Moreover, the experiment shows that even if the proposed
sensor is stretched, it performs as the tactile sensor.
Thunderbolt technology is a transformational I/O innovation that provides a leap
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Life Detection Using Microwaves TechnologySai Spandana
One of my first attempts to make a presentation. This presentation is based on a Research Article titled "A MODERN MICROWAVE LIFE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR
HUMAN BEING BURIED UNDER RUBBLE" published in the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies
A Study on Uniform and Apodized Fiber Bragg GratingsIJSRD
The design, simulation and analysis of an optical Fiber Bragg Grating for maximum reflectivity, minimum side lobe power wastage has been done using MATLAB software. The reflection spectra and side lobes strength were analyzed with different grating lengths, refractive index profiles and pitch values. The simulations are based on coupled mode equations and transfer matrix method that describes the interaction of guided modes.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
Optimization of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating Reflection Spectra for Maximum Re...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Reflectivity and Braggs Wavelength in FBGCSCJournals
We have presented an analytical model of splitters based on Fiber Bragg grating used to detect a Bragg wavelength from the number of wavelengths which are traveling in an optical fiber. The number of grids and grating length can be used as a wavelength shifter.This paper presents experimental results that are used to show the effect of number of grids and the length of the grating on the Bragg wavelength and reflectivity of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). The pitch of grating is directly proportional to the grating length and inversely proportional to number of grids. When the grating length is fixed and the number of grids is increased, the Bragg wavelength decreases and reflectivity increases. This increase in reflectivity is very small. Further when the number of grids was kept constant and the grating length was increased the Bragg wavelength increases. The effect of this increase in grating length on reflectivity is a very small. In our model, the effectiveness of the grating in extracting the Braggs wavelength is nearly 100%.
A high efficient narrow linewidth fiber laser based on fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG F-P) cavity was demonstrted. The spatial hole burning effect was restrained by fiber Faraday rotator(FR). Two short FBG F-P cavities as narrow bandwidth filters discriminated and selected the laser longitudinal modes efficiently. Stable single frequency 1550nm laser was acquired. Pumped by two 976nm LD, the fiber laer exhibited a 11mW threshold. The 73mW output power was obtained upon the maximum 145mW pump power. The optical-optical efficciency was 50 and the slope efficiency was 55. The 3dB linewidth of laser was less than 10kHz, measured by the delayed self-heterodyne method with 10km mono-mode fiber. The high power narrow linewidth fiber lasr can be used in high resolution fiber sensor system .
What is the Structure and Working Principle of WDM Devices.pdfHYC Co., Ltd
TFF and AWG are the two most commonly used WDM technologies. This article will introduce the structure and working principle of TFF WDM devices. The structure of a three-port WDM device includes a dual-fiber collimator, a single-fiber collimator, and a TFF filter.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
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2. Review
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is a simple and low-cost
filter built into the core of a wavelength-specific fiber
cable.
FBGs are used as inline optical filters to block
certain wavelengths, or as wavelength-specific
reflectors.
FBGs improve optical signal quality and are key to
fiber optic construction.
FBGs also may be used to stabilize laser output.
Uniform FBG: Uniform grating periods are used.
3. Fiber Bragg Gratings
The grating parameters
Length of grating
Strength of grating
Refractive index.
manipulated to produce desired grating
characteristics
The different types of FBGs are
Chirped FBGS
Blazed FBGs
Phase shifted FBGs
Long-Period In-Fiber FBGs
4. Chirped FBGs
The chirp of an optical pulse is the time
dependence of its instantaneous frequency.
Specifically, an up-chirp means that the
instantaneous frequency rises with time.
A down-chirp means that the instantaneous
frequency decreases with time.
6. Working Principle
Chirped FBG: Variable grating periods are written
into the core.
Chirped fiber gratings can be designed and made by
axially varying either the period of the grating
the effective index of refraction of the fiber.
This causes a gradual change in the grating period.
Thus when a signal enters the chirped FBG
Different wavelengths are reflected from different parts of
the grating.
Here grating imposes a wavelength dependent
delay on the signal.
Some wave lengths are delayed more than others.
8. Features
Applications
•Chirped FBG operates as a
wavelength dependent dispersion
compensator and light reflector.
•Gain Flattening Filter for EDFA .
•Chirped fiber Bragg gratings show
a wide transmission band width.
•Distributed sensing.
•The power reflectivity and the
group delay characteristics can be
made more stable by applying
apodization to fiber grating.
(apodization function is used to
purposely change the intensity
profile of an optical system )
The reflection bandwidth increases
with increasing chirp parameter
(dλD/dz)but in this case the
reflection power decreases.
•Wideband filter for CWDM system.
•Chromatic dispersion
compensation.
11. Multiple FBGs in Same Fiber Section
We can write many different FBGs into the same
section of fiber – one on top of the fiber .
Each grating will then respond quiet separately and
independently to light of its own resonant
wavelength.
This will exhibit only very little interaction between
the wavelengths.
Thus we don't need to have lots of gratings
concatenated on one after the other.
This is very useful when using a dispersion
compensated WDM systems.
12. Blazed FBGs
Blazed FBG: Constructed when grating is written at
an oblique angle to the core's centre axis.
The selected wavelength is reflected out of the fiber.
if we use a number of blazed gratings we can reflect
out unwanted wave lengths.
Thus we can construct a filter to pass only the
wavelengths we want.
14. Features
•Bragg grating planes are tilted at
an angle to the fiber axis..
Applications
•Fiber Bragg grating sensors
•Fiber Optic Filters
The bandwidth of the trapped out
light is dependent on the tilt angle
of the grating planes and the
strength of the index modulation.
•Transmission spectrum of TFBG
posses many resonant peaks.
•Transmission characteristics of
TFBGs are temperature sensitive
•Fiber bending causes the
transmission spectrum to be more
complex.
•To flatten the response of an
EDFA.
17. Phase shifted In-Fiber Bragg Gratings
In Phase shifted In-Fiber Bragg Gratings
Transmission spectrum of a fiber Bragg grating is
varied.
This is achieved by incorporating single or multiple
phase shifted regions during the fabrication process.
Phase shifts open up narrow transmission windows
inside the stop band of the Bragg grating.
Transmitted wave length can be changed by changing
the amount of phase shift.
20. Features
Applications
•Phase shifted Bragg gratings show •Highly accurate wavelength
a very narrow transmission band
references
width.
•Filters
•Using special structures even
multiple transmission bands are
•Spectroscopy
possible.
•Optical CDMA
•Central pass band has excellent
characteristics.
•Operational Systems
•Its width can be controlled
precisely.
•It varies from almost total reflection
to almost total transmission.
• It can be used for selecting a
single wavelength from among
many in a WDM system.
21. Long-Period In-Fiber Bragg Gratings
Long-period grating is one in which the grating
period is many hundred or thousand times the
resonant wave length.
22. Working
In a long period grating
Light is coupled forward rather than backward in the
fiber .
But in a single mode fiber there is no forward bound
mode available into which the light may couple.
Therefore it couples forward into the cladding mode.
After a while the coupled light leaves the system and is
lost.
Thus resonant wavelengths are removed from the
system.
23. Features
Applications
•Periodicity of the long-period
•Used for flattening the response
grating is typically several hundred of an EDFA
times greater than that of the
Bragg grating
•Band reject filters
•The bandwidth of the long-period
grating is relatively large.
•Used for fiber-optic sensing.
•Optical Sensors
• The physical length (typically a
few centimetres) of the long-period
grating is much longer than that of
the FBG.
•Long-period grating is extremely
sensitive to bends in the fibre,
long-period grating may
experience a significant nonuniform strain field along a grating
length of a few centimetres;