This document discusses reducing dispersion in fiber optic communication systems using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). It begins by describing some of the challenges of signal degradation over long distances in fiber optic transmission, including attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. Dispersion causes pulse broadening and is a significant effect. FBG is commonly used to compensate for chromatic dispersion due to its low cost and insertion loss. The document simulates different fiber optic communication system configurations using FBG and dispersion compensation fiber to analyze parameters like bit error rate at various transmission powers. It analyzes pre, post and symmetrical dispersion compensation techniques. Results show FBG provides better dispersion compensation compared to DCF. The document also discusses using optical add-drop multiplexing to
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Analysis of Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Multiple Opti...rahulmonikasharma
Optical communication when used for long haul communication is characterized by dispersion and nonlinearities. Different techniques are used for the dispersion compensation and nonlinearity mitigation. Two of these techniques are Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC). In this paper the performance of the system is analyzed by comparing various results at the receiver. A 10Gb/s NRZ signal is launched into a long Single Mode Fiber (SMF). Results in the terms of Q-factor (linear) and BER are observed by varying fiber length. Optical system consisting of one OPC and two OPC is also analyzed for different transmission distance. Simulation results show that, when compared with optical system consisting of one OPC, Q-factor improvement of 3.51 is achieved for the optical system consisting of two OPC. Nonlinearities are mitigated using DCF and OPC and on comparing with DCF, Q-factor improvement of 11.3 is achieved for OPC.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Analysis of Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Multiple Opti...rahulmonikasharma
Optical communication when used for long haul communication is characterized by dispersion and nonlinearities. Different techniques are used for the dispersion compensation and nonlinearity mitigation. Two of these techniques are Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) and Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC). In this paper the performance of the system is analyzed by comparing various results at the receiver. A 10Gb/s NRZ signal is launched into a long Single Mode Fiber (SMF). Results in the terms of Q-factor (linear) and BER are observed by varying fiber length. Optical system consisting of one OPC and two OPC is also analyzed for different transmission distance. Simulation results show that, when compared with optical system consisting of one OPC, Q-factor improvement of 3.51 is achieved for the optical system consisting of two OPC. Nonlinearities are mitigated using DCF and OPC and on comparing with DCF, Q-factor improvement of 11.3 is achieved for OPC.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Simulation of Smart Antenna for D2D Communicationijtsrd
Device to Device D2D communication allows user devices to directly communicate with each other. D2D using smart antenna will reduce the interference and also reduce the power with respect to distance between the devices. This D2D communication generates directional signal transmission between D2D pairs and reduces the interference between other users. This study also proposes the study of 4x4 MIMO microstrip patch antenna for 5G cellular network. This antenna operates at the frequency of 3.3 4.2 GHZ and its resonant frequency is 3.75GHZ. Rogers RO4350B lossy with thickness of 0.101mm and dielectric constant has been used as the antenna substrate. The simulations results shows that the proposed antenna design and it explains about the beam forming concepts that provides the need of D2D communication for 5G application. The antenna is steered to particular direction with the help of beam forming algorithm. This shows that such scheme improves the system capacity compared to the traditional one by focusing it in a desired direction. This method will provide security to the data, increases the network efficiency, consume less power and traffic made by the signals is reduced. Dr. Arunachalaperumal | B. S. Aparna | R. Renugadevi "Design and Simulation of Smart Antenna for D2D Communication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31609.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31609/design-and-simulation-of-smart-antenna-for-d2d-communication/dr-arunachalaperumal
Received Power performance in downlink architecture of Radio-over-Fiber Trans...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The In this paper, we studied the RoF system and analyzed the received power performance in downlink architecture of RoF system. The RoF system employs a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a phase shifter to externally generate an optical single sideband (OSSB) signal since the OSSB signal is tolerable for power degradation due to a chromatic fiber-dispersion effect. The received power performance is analyzed by calculating a factor called Power Penalty. It is shown that Power penalty is increased exponentially as the differential delay increased with the distance due to chromatic dispersion with the change in laser linewidth (𝛾𝑅𝐹) from 10MHz to 1000MHz. The results are calculated for various transmission distances (𝐿𝐹𝐼𝐵𝐸𝑅) 1km to 40km for optical distances. The frequency of laser taken is 30-GHz RF carrier (𝑓𝑅𝐹) and wavelength 1550-nm laser (λ) with zero line width, fiber dispersion parameter (D) 17 ps/nm·km.
Keywords: Chromatic dispersion, DEMZM, Laser line width, Power penalty and Received power.
Visible light communication is a high-speed developing technique with LEDs for both lighting and data communication. In this paper, examined the visible light communication performance over Mach Zehnder Modulation via Optisystem simulation tool. Quality factor and BER values of different link distance are predicted by optisystem simulation tool. The planned system can support 5 Gbps data rate up to 50 meter of link distance with a Quality factor of 15.71 for without any external noise interruption. In the case of external noise influence, the planned VLC system performance is also investigated through simulation tool. Consider the external noise interruption, the designed system can support 2Gbps data rate up to 20-meter link distance of Quality factor of 11.935. Quality factor for the system without any external noise influence is better compared to the system with external noise influence.
This document will be help in understanding the propagation and loss of optical signal in tapered fiber. It contains some formula and important theory that will also help people to get more about fiber and light propagation through it.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Simulation of Smart Antenna for D2D Communicationijtsrd
Device to Device D2D communication allows user devices to directly communicate with each other. D2D using smart antenna will reduce the interference and also reduce the power with respect to distance between the devices. This D2D communication generates directional signal transmission between D2D pairs and reduces the interference between other users. This study also proposes the study of 4x4 MIMO microstrip patch antenna for 5G cellular network. This antenna operates at the frequency of 3.3 4.2 GHZ and its resonant frequency is 3.75GHZ. Rogers RO4350B lossy with thickness of 0.101mm and dielectric constant has been used as the antenna substrate. The simulations results shows that the proposed antenna design and it explains about the beam forming concepts that provides the need of D2D communication for 5G application. The antenna is steered to particular direction with the help of beam forming algorithm. This shows that such scheme improves the system capacity compared to the traditional one by focusing it in a desired direction. This method will provide security to the data, increases the network efficiency, consume less power and traffic made by the signals is reduced. Dr. Arunachalaperumal | B. S. Aparna | R. Renugadevi "Design and Simulation of Smart Antenna for D2D Communication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31609.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31609/design-and-simulation-of-smart-antenna-for-d2d-communication/dr-arunachalaperumal
Received Power performance in downlink architecture of Radio-over-Fiber Trans...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The In this paper, we studied the RoF system and analyzed the received power performance in downlink architecture of RoF system. The RoF system employs a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a phase shifter to externally generate an optical single sideband (OSSB) signal since the OSSB signal is tolerable for power degradation due to a chromatic fiber-dispersion effect. The received power performance is analyzed by calculating a factor called Power Penalty. It is shown that Power penalty is increased exponentially as the differential delay increased with the distance due to chromatic dispersion with the change in laser linewidth (𝛾𝑅𝐹) from 10MHz to 1000MHz. The results are calculated for various transmission distances (𝐿𝐹𝐼𝐵𝐸𝑅) 1km to 40km for optical distances. The frequency of laser taken is 30-GHz RF carrier (𝑓𝑅𝐹) and wavelength 1550-nm laser (λ) with zero line width, fiber dispersion parameter (D) 17 ps/nm·km.
Keywords: Chromatic dispersion, DEMZM, Laser line width, Power penalty and Received power.
Visible light communication is a high-speed developing technique with LEDs for both lighting and data communication. In this paper, examined the visible light communication performance over Mach Zehnder Modulation via Optisystem simulation tool. Quality factor and BER values of different link distance are predicted by optisystem simulation tool. The planned system can support 5 Gbps data rate up to 50 meter of link distance with a Quality factor of 15.71 for without any external noise interruption. In the case of external noise influence, the planned VLC system performance is also investigated through simulation tool. Consider the external noise interruption, the designed system can support 2Gbps data rate up to 20-meter link distance of Quality factor of 11.935. Quality factor for the system without any external noise influence is better compared to the system with external noise influence.
This document will be help in understanding the propagation and loss of optical signal in tapered fiber. It contains some formula and important theory that will also help people to get more about fiber and light propagation through it.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Analysis of Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings Formats in Optical Comm...theijes
This paper presents the performance analysis of apodized fiber bragg an optical communication system. The effected fiber bragg for capacities uniform, Gaussian and tanh capacity has been implemented and investigated. The variable file of FBG performance is talented for the distinctive apodized capacity, including utilization in the RZ beat generator. The corresponding framework throughout the fiber mode channel is simulated using optisystem version 9 programs. Results show a fit correlation for the range, eye diagram and Q-variable figure
Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tun...IJECEIAES
The ability of fiber optic to overcome the signal transmission problems is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem. For the first time, a design of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MATLAB with integration with OptiSystem TM Software .The audio signal then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ, & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-facto (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber u...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Performance Analysis of Optical Amplifiers (EDFA and SOA)IOSRJECE
In the optical transmission systems attenuation causes signal power to drop through an optical fiber link, so need to use amplifiers to increase signal power with low noise. Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) and Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) are two of the main types of optical amplifiers, and they were used in this simulation model to analyze their performance, with a data rate of 622 Mb/s (STM-4 level) and 170 km optical fiber length for each simulation model. This was simulated by using OptiSystem simulator, including the main parameters of the optical transmission system as input power (dBm), optical fiber cable length (km) and attenuation per length of optical fiber cable (dB/km), also there are three parameters will be considered which they are output power (dBm), Q-Factor and Bit Error Rate (BER) at receiver, and also Eye Diagram.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.