Fetal circulation, Schleich
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The fetal circulation has several anatomical shunts that direct blood flow away from the lungs and toward the placenta, including the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus. These shunts orient oxygenated blood to the brain and heart while directing deoxygenated blood to the placenta. After birth, changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and oxygen levels cause closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, modifying the circulation to prioritize the lungs over the placenta.
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Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. Most blood then passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to the body. After birth, closure of the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale, along with establishment of pulmonary circulation through breathing, complete the transition to adult circulation. Persistence of fetal circulatory structures like the patent foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus can cause clinical issues.
FETAL CIRCULATION
This document discusses the fetal circulation system. It defines fetal circulation as the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus. It describes how the placenta functions as the respiratory center and site of nutrient/waste exchange for the fetus. It details the anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation, including the roles of the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in shuttling blood between the fetus and placenta. After birth, these fetal circulatory structures close as the baby transitions to extrauterine life.
Fetal circulation nursing student_dey
The document describes the normal fetal circulation and changes that occur at and after birth. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein, bypassing the liver and entering the heart and ascending aorta to supply the heart and brain. The majority of blood is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, umbilical vessels, and foramen ovale occurs, along with increased pulmonary circulation as breathing begins.
1-fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation and how it differs from circulation after birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood flows from the placenta to the umbilical vein and into the liver and heart. Most blood shunts past the lungs through openings like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. After birth, clamping the umbilical cord and lung inflation cause structures like the ductus venosus to close as the infant transition to getting oxygen from the lungs.
The fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in that the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord, as the lungs are not functional. Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava. It then flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to supply the fetus. At birth, crying causes lung expansion which redirects blood flow through the pulmonary arteries, closing the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale to establish postnatal circulation.
Fetal circulation
The document discusses fetal circulation. By 3 months, the major blood vessels are present and functioning. In the umbilical circulation, the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The placenta facilitates gas and nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood without mixing of the blood. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale and from the right ventricle to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus, bypassing the lungs. At birth, changes initiate with breathing and the foramen ovale
Fetal circulation.. Dr.Padmesh
1) In the fetus, gas exchange occurs via the placenta rather than the lungs. The fetal circulatory system includes four unique shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs.
2) Fetal blood circulation involves preferentially directing more oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava to the left atrium and ventricle to perfuse the brain and upper body.
3) At birth, mechanical expansion of the lungs and increased arterial oxygen levels cause changes in vascular resistances that enable the transition to pulmonary gas exchange and serial circulation through the heart.
Transitional circulation
A very informative ppt on transitional / fetal circulation with details on ductus venosus,foramen ovale and duct dependent circulation.
Recommended
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. Most blood then passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to the body. After birth, closure of the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale, along with establishment of pulmonary circulation through breathing, complete the transition to adult circulation. Persistence of fetal circulatory structures like the patent foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus can cause clinical issues.
FETAL CIRCULATION
This document discusses the fetal circulation system. It defines fetal circulation as the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus. It describes how the placenta functions as the respiratory center and site of nutrient/waste exchange for the fetus. It details the anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation, including the roles of the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale in shuttling blood between the fetus and placenta. After birth, these fetal circulatory structures close as the baby transitions to extrauterine life.
Fetal circulation nursing student_dey
The document describes the normal fetal circulation and changes that occur at and after birth. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein, bypassing the liver and entering the heart and ascending aorta to supply the heart and brain. The majority of blood is shunted away from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus, umbilical vessels, and foramen ovale occurs, along with increased pulmonary circulation as breathing begins.
1-fetal circulation
The document summarizes fetal circulation and how it differs from circulation after birth. In the fetus, oxygenated blood flows from the placenta to the umbilical vein and into the liver and heart. Most blood shunts past the lungs through openings like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. After birth, clamping the umbilical cord and lung inflation cause structures like the ductus venosus to close as the infant transition to getting oxygen from the lungs.
The fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in that the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord, as the lungs are not functional. Blood from the placenta enters the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava. It then flows through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and ventricle before being pumped through the aorta to supply the fetus. At birth, crying causes lung expansion which redirects blood flow through the pulmonary arteries, closing the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale to establish postnatal circulation.
Fetal circulation
The document discusses fetal circulation. By 3 months, the major blood vessels are present and functioning. In the umbilical circulation, the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The placenta facilitates gas and nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood without mixing of the blood. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale and from the right ventricle to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus, bypassing the lungs. At birth, changes initiate with breathing and the foramen ovale
Fetal circulation.. Dr.Padmesh
1) In the fetus, gas exchange occurs via the placenta rather than the lungs. The fetal circulatory system includes four unique shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs.
2) Fetal blood circulation involves preferentially directing more oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava to the left atrium and ventricle to perfuse the brain and upper body.
3) At birth, mechanical expansion of the lungs and increased arterial oxygen levels cause changes in vascular resistances that enable the transition to pulmonary gas exchange and serial circulation through the heart.
Transitional circulation
A very informative ppt on transitional / fetal circulation with details on ductus venosus,foramen ovale and duct dependent circulation.
uterus.pptx
The uterus is a pear-shaped organ located in the pelvis. It has an upper body and lower cervix. The body has a dome-shaped fundus where fertilization typically occurs. The cervix projects into the vagina. The uterus is supported by the pelvic floor muscles, broad ligaments, and fibrous ligaments like the round and transverse cervical ligaments. It receives blood supply from the uterine arteries and drains into internal iliac veins. Lymphatic drainage is into nearby lymph nodes and the uterus is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
Foetal circulation ppt
The normal fetal circulation involves oxygenated blood from the placenta traveling to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta through the umbilical arteries. At birth, the placenta is replaced by the lungs as the organ of gas exchange. The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus close due to changes in blood flow and oxygen levels, redirecting circulation through the lungs.
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. The fetus receives oxygenated blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein. The blood is only partially oxygenated after passing through the placenta. It then circulates through the fetal heart and body before returning to the placenta through the umbilical arteries to be re-oxygenated. There are three major shunts in the fetal circulatory system - the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus - that ensure most blood bypasses the nonfunctional fetal lungs and circulates directly from the right side of the heart to the aorta. At birth, closure of these shunts and expansion of the
Human Milk Banking in the care of the Premature Infant
NCT's Big Weekend 2010
Human Milk Banking in the care of the Premature Infant
Presented by Lynda Coulter, Human Milk Bank Manager, Countess of Chester Hospital
Fetal Circulation by Barkha Devi,Lecturer,Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing
This PowerPoint will provide you a short a sweet lecture about fetal circulation. Please give me your feed back .
-Discuss anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation
-Compare and contrast fetal circulation to infant circulation
-Define specialized structures of fetal circulation
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation includes the umbilical cord and placenta, which provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. There are three circulatory shunts present in fetal life - the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale - that allow blood to bypass the lungs and ensure proper blood flow and gas exchange. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and inflation of the lungs causes closure of the shunts and transition to the neonatal circulation.
Placental circulation
The document discusses the anatomy and circulation of the placenta. The placental circulation brings the maternal and fetal circulation systems into close relationship, with placental blood flow increasing to 500 ml/min at term. Blood flows from the umbilical arteries through finer vessels in the chorionic plate and into the villi capillaries, where pressure drops from 50 mmHg to 30 mmHg. The placental barrier separates maternal and fetal blood and its composition changes over pregnancy, initially consisting of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast layers but thinning over later months as the fetal vessels multiply and approach the villus surface.
Breast feeding ppt
Breastfeeding provides ideal nutrition for infants and has numerous health benefits for both mother and baby. It gives babies antibodies and nutrients tailored for them. The document defines breastfeeding as the normal way to provide young infants with needed nutrients for growth. Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for six months and continued along with complementary foods up to two years or longer. The anatomy and physiology of lactation are described, including milk production triggered by the baby's sucking. Advantages of breastfeeding include its availability, low cost, protection from infection, and psychological benefits. Contraindications for mothers and infants are outlined.
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the fetus via the umbilical vein. Special structures like the foramen ovale, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs and deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart and body. At birth, loss of the placenta and expansion of the lungs cause these structures to close, converting circulation to the infant pattern with blood flowing from the lungs to the heart and body.
Fetal Circulation .pptx
fetal circulation.pptx
Fetal Circulation PPT
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation slideshare
Fetal circulation notes
Cranial Hemorrhage of The Newborn
Cranial hemorrhage in newborns can be extracranial (e.g. cephalhematoma) or intracranial (e.g. subdural hemorrhage). Intracerebral hemorrhage, especially germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage, is the most common type seen in preterm infants. Risk factors include prematurity, fluctuations in blood pressure, and hypoxic events. Intraventricular hemorrhage is graded based on its extent using cranial ultrasound or CT scan. Most hemorrhages occur within 3 days of birth and management involves supportive care though progressive ventricular dilation may require ventricular shunting. Outcomes depend on the grade of hemorrhage
Amniotic fluid
The amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, protects it from infection and trauma, and allows freedom of movement. It maintains a stable temperature and permits lung development. Amniotic fluid volume is normally 500-1000cc at term. It is produced by the amniotic membranes and passes across the fetal skin and through fetal urination, swallowing, and respiratory secretions. Abnormal volumes can indicate fetal problems and complications in pregnancy.
Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL following vaginal birth or 1000 mL following c-section. It can occur within 24 hours (primary PPH) or 24 hours to 12 weeks (secondary PPH) postpartum and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. The 4 T's of PPH include tonicity (uterine atony), tissue (retained placental fragments), trauma, and thrombin abnormalities. A case is presented of a woman with risk factors of preeclampsia and prolonged labor who develops PPH. Her management involves IV fluids, uterotonics, uterine massage, and monitoring for signs of deterioration requiring additional interventions like embolization
Development of heart
This document summarizes the early development of the heart from formation of the cardiac tube to septation and looping. It discusses:
- How the cardiac progenitor cells form paired tubes that fuse to form the primitive heart tube by 22 days.
- The lineages that give rise to the left and right ventricles.
- How signaling molecules regulate morphogenesis and migration of cells.
- The process of cardiac looping around 22-24 days which brings the ventricles into left/right orientation.
- Septation of the atria, atrioventricular canal and ventricles between 26-30 days which divides the heart into four chambers.
Pregnancy
The document summarizes key aspects of physiology during pregnancy. It describes the stages of pregnancy, formation and development of the embryo and fetus, placental development and function, fetal circulation and membranes, and physiological changes that occur in major organ systems of the pregnant woman including cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Hormonal changes that support pregnancy are also outlined.
Fetal heart circulation
The fetal circulation allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the placenta while bypassing the non-functional lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and then through the foramen ovale into the left atrium of the heart. It is then pumped through the aorta to deliver oxygen to tissues before returning to the right atrium. A small amount of blood passes through the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arteries to the developing lungs, while most blood is shunted away from the lungs and back to the aorta. At birth, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus normally close as the lungs begin functioning
UTERUS_Nursing.pptx
Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth.
Fetal circulation
Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal ductus venosus and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the rest enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the foramen ovale), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation.
Embryology of heart
The heart develops from mesodermal cardiogenic fields on either side of the embryo that fuse to form a primitive heart tube. This tube undergoes looping to the right, forming the chambers. Partitioning forms the atrial and ventricular septa, separating the chambers. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted away from the lungs through openings like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. At birth, these close as the lungs become functional and circulation assumes the postnatal pattern. Defects can occur if septation or closure of passages is incomplete, leading to congenital heart diseases.
Cardiovascular System Development
The document summarizes cardiovascular embryology, including:
1. Heart development begins with the formation of the horseshoe-shaped pericardial cavity and single heart tube, which undergoes convolution to form the primitive 4-chambered heart.
2. Septation occurs through atrial septation, ventricular septation, and aorticopulmonary septation to separate the chambers.
3. Arteries develop from the aortic arches and dorsal aortae, while veins form from the vitelline veins, umbilical veins, and cardinal veins.
4. The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation, with blood bypassing the lungs via the ductus arteriosus and
Fetal circulation- panneh
this lecture was presented to the December 2016 Midwifery class of the school for Enrolled Nurses and Midwives- The Gambia.
Fetal circulation by dr.srikanta biswas
The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation due to the presence of three major vascular shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs. The placenta functions as the fetus's lungs, exchanging oxygen and nutrients between the mother's and fetus's blood without mixing. At birth, changes in lung function and vascular resistance cause the shunts to close as circulation transitions to the adult pattern with blood flowing to the lungs.
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uterus.pptx
The uterus is a pear-shaped organ located in the pelvis. It has an upper body and lower cervix. The body has a dome-shaped fundus where fertilization typically occurs. The cervix projects into the vagina. The uterus is supported by the pelvic floor muscles, broad ligaments, and fibrous ligaments like the round and transverse cervical ligaments. It receives blood supply from the uterine arteries and drains into internal iliac veins. Lymphatic drainage is into nearby lymph nodes and the uterus is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
Foetal circulation ppt
The normal fetal circulation involves oxygenated blood from the placenta traveling to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta through the umbilical arteries. At birth, the placenta is replaced by the lungs as the organ of gas exchange. The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus close due to changes in blood flow and oxygen levels, redirecting circulation through the lungs.
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation differs significantly from adult circulation. The fetus receives oxygenated blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein. The blood is only partially oxygenated after passing through the placenta. It then circulates through the fetal heart and body before returning to the placenta through the umbilical arteries to be re-oxygenated. There are three major shunts in the fetal circulatory system - the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus - that ensure most blood bypasses the nonfunctional fetal lungs and circulates directly from the right side of the heart to the aorta. At birth, closure of these shunts and expansion of the
Human Milk Banking in the care of the Premature Infant
NCT's Big Weekend 2010
Human Milk Banking in the care of the Premature Infant
Presented by Lynda Coulter, Human Milk Bank Manager, Countess of Chester Hospital
Fetal Circulation by Barkha Devi,Lecturer,Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing
This PowerPoint will provide you a short a sweet lecture about fetal circulation. Please give me your feed back .
-Discuss anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation
-Compare and contrast fetal circulation to infant circulation
-Define specialized structures of fetal circulation
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation includes the umbilical cord and placenta, which provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. There are three circulatory shunts present in fetal life - the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale - that allow blood to bypass the lungs and ensure proper blood flow and gas exchange. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and inflation of the lungs causes closure of the shunts and transition to the neonatal circulation.
Placental circulation
The document discusses the anatomy and circulation of the placenta. The placental circulation brings the maternal and fetal circulation systems into close relationship, with placental blood flow increasing to 500 ml/min at term. Blood flows from the umbilical arteries through finer vessels in the chorionic plate and into the villi capillaries, where pressure drops from 50 mmHg to 30 mmHg. The placental barrier separates maternal and fetal blood and its composition changes over pregnancy, initially consisting of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast layers but thinning over later months as the fetal vessels multiply and approach the villus surface.
Breast feeding ppt
Breastfeeding provides ideal nutrition for infants and has numerous health benefits for both mother and baby. It gives babies antibodies and nutrients tailored for them. The document defines breastfeeding as the normal way to provide young infants with needed nutrients for growth. Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for six months and continued along with complementary foods up to two years or longer. The anatomy and physiology of lactation are described, including milk production triggered by the baby's sucking. Advantages of breastfeeding include its availability, low cost, protection from infection, and psychological benefits. Contraindications for mothers and infants are outlined.
Fetalcirculation
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the fetus via the umbilical vein. Special structures like the foramen ovale, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs and deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart and body. At birth, loss of the placenta and expansion of the lungs cause these structures to close, converting circulation to the infant pattern with blood flowing from the lungs to the heart and body.
Fetal Circulation .pptx
fetal circulation.pptx
Fetal Circulation PPT
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation slideshare
Fetal circulation notes
Cranial Hemorrhage of The Newborn
Cranial hemorrhage in newborns can be extracranial (e.g. cephalhematoma) or intracranial (e.g. subdural hemorrhage). Intracerebral hemorrhage, especially germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage, is the most common type seen in preterm infants. Risk factors include prematurity, fluctuations in blood pressure, and hypoxic events. Intraventricular hemorrhage is graded based on its extent using cranial ultrasound or CT scan. Most hemorrhages occur within 3 days of birth and management involves supportive care though progressive ventricular dilation may require ventricular shunting. Outcomes depend on the grade of hemorrhage
Amniotic fluid
The amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, protects it from infection and trauma, and allows freedom of movement. It maintains a stable temperature and permits lung development. Amniotic fluid volume is normally 500-1000cc at term. It is produced by the amniotic membranes and passes across the fetal skin and through fetal urination, swallowing, and respiratory secretions. Abnormal volumes can indicate fetal problems and complications in pregnancy.
Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL following vaginal birth or 1000 mL following c-section. It can occur within 24 hours (primary PPH) or 24 hours to 12 weeks (secondary PPH) postpartum and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. The 4 T's of PPH include tonicity (uterine atony), tissue (retained placental fragments), trauma, and thrombin abnormalities. A case is presented of a woman with risk factors of preeclampsia and prolonged labor who develops PPH. Her management involves IV fluids, uterotonics, uterine massage, and monitoring for signs of deterioration requiring additional interventions like embolization
Development of heart
This document summarizes the early development of the heart from formation of the cardiac tube to septation and looping. It discusses:
- How the cardiac progenitor cells form paired tubes that fuse to form the primitive heart tube by 22 days.
- The lineages that give rise to the left and right ventricles.
- How signaling molecules regulate morphogenesis and migration of cells.
- The process of cardiac looping around 22-24 days which brings the ventricles into left/right orientation.
- Septation of the atria, atrioventricular canal and ventricles between 26-30 days which divides the heart into four chambers.
Pregnancy
The document summarizes key aspects of physiology during pregnancy. It describes the stages of pregnancy, formation and development of the embryo and fetus, placental development and function, fetal circulation and membranes, and physiological changes that occur in major organ systems of the pregnant woman including cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Hormonal changes that support pregnancy are also outlined.
Fetal heart circulation
The fetal circulation allows the fetus to receive oxygen and nutrients from the placenta while bypassing the non-functional lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and then through the foramen ovale into the left atrium of the heart. It is then pumped through the aorta to deliver oxygen to tissues before returning to the right atrium. A small amount of blood passes through the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arteries to the developing lungs, while most blood is shunted away from the lungs and back to the aorta. At birth, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus normally close as the lungs begin functioning
UTERUS_Nursing.pptx
Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth.
Fetal circulation
Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. In humans, less than a third of this enters the fetal ductus venosus and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the rest enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver. The branch of the umbilical vein that supplies the right lobe of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the foramen ovale), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation.
Embryology of heart
The heart develops from mesodermal cardiogenic fields on either side of the embryo that fuse to form a primitive heart tube. This tube undergoes looping to the right, forming the chambers. Partitioning forms the atrial and ventricular septa, separating the chambers. In fetal circulation, blood is shunted away from the lungs through openings like the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. At birth, these close as the lungs become functional and circulation assumes the postnatal pattern. Defects can occur if septation or closure of passages is incomplete, leading to congenital heart diseases.
Cardiovascular System Development
The document summarizes cardiovascular embryology, including:
1. Heart development begins with the formation of the horseshoe-shaped pericardial cavity and single heart tube, which undergoes convolution to form the primitive 4-chambered heart.
2. Septation occurs through atrial septation, ventricular septation, and aorticopulmonary septation to separate the chambers.
3. Arteries develop from the aortic arches and dorsal aortae, while veins form from the vitelline veins, umbilical veins, and cardinal veins.
4. The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation, with blood bypassing the lungs via the ductus arteriosus and
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Fetal circulation- panneh
this lecture was presented to the December 2016 Midwifery class of the school for Enrolled Nurses and Midwives- The Gambia.
Fetal circulation by dr.srikanta biswas
The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation due to the presence of three major vascular shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs. The placenta functions as the fetus's lungs, exchanging oxygen and nutrients between the mother's and fetus's blood without mixing. At birth, changes in lung function and vascular resistance cause the shunts to close as circulation transitions to the adult pattern with blood flowing to the lungs.
Fetal circulation & changes occurring at birth
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation in several key ways that allow for gas exchange via the placenta rather than the lungs. In the fetus, about 45% of the combined ventricular output is directed to the placental circulation, with only 8% going to the pulmonary circulation. At birth, closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale is facilitated by the onset of lung ventilation and increased pulmonary blood flow. Persistence of fetal shunts can lead to conditions like patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation involves blood flow from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the fetus, and returning oxygen-depleted blood to the placenta through the umbilical arteries. Three key shunts exist in the fetal circulation: the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale. At birth, clamping of the umbilical cord and inflation of the lungs causes structural and functional changes, closing the shunts and transitioning circulation to the neonatal pattern with left-to-right blood flow and lung-based gas exchange.
L11 fetal circulation
The document summarizes the fetal circulation system and how it differs from the newborn circulation. In the fetus, oxygen-rich blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein to the liver and mixes with venous blood before entering the heart. It then passes through the foramen ovale into the left side of the heart and mixes with pulmonary blood to be pumped throughout the body. After birth, the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and umbilical vessels close as the lungs inflate and the placental circulation is lost. This allows the cardiovascular system to transition to adult circulation.
Cardiac development & fetal circulation (2)
The document summarizes cardiac development and fetal circulation. During cardiac morphogenesis, the heart forms from clusters of cells on either side of the embryo that fuse to form the primitive heart by day 22. The heart then undergoes looping and septation to form the four chambers. In fetal circulation, blood bypasses the lungs via the ductus arteriosus and bypasses the liver via the ductus venosus to reach the placenta for gas and nutrient exchange. Blood then returns to the heart via the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava before mixing in the atria via the foramen ovale.
Foetal circulation (1)
The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and circulate throughout the fetus's body. Key structures include the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver, the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus which allow blood to bypass the lungs, and the umbilical arteries which return deoxygenated blood to the placenta. The circulatory process involves blood passing from the placenta through the umbilical vein, mixing with deoxygenated blood and passing through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus to supply the fetus before returning to the placenta through the umbilical arteries.
fetal circulation & Rh incompatibility
The document discusses fetal circulation and Rh incompatibility. It explains that the fetal circulatory system differs from adults' in that it has three shunts - the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale - that allow blood to bypass the lungs and liver. After birth, these structures close. It also describes Rh incompatibility, which occurs when a mother is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive, potentially causing fetal anemia or death if not prevented through Rh immune globulin shots or blood transfusions.
Fetal skull and fetal circulation
The document describes the fetal skull, circulation, and changes at birth. The fetal skull is compressible and made of thin, flat bones joined by sutures. It has areas like the vertex, brow, and face. The skull has several diameters that relate to the position of the fetal head. The fetal circulation involves oxygenated blood from the placenta traveling to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Structures like the ductus venosus and foramen ovale allow blood to bypass the liver and lungs. At birth, the umbilical vessels and ductus close, and pulmonary and systemic circulation is established.
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review by Dr. mrs. Minnu M. Panditrao about the recent advances in the challenging field of Paediatric anaesthesia
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The document summarizes fetal and neonatal thermoregulation. It discusses how the fetal temperature is usually 0.3-0.5°C higher than the mother's due to the fetus's high metabolic rate. At birth, the neonate must rapidly increase heat production through nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue to survive in the cooler extrauterine environment as its temperature drops. The fetus is protected from hyperthermia by inhibitors in the placenta that prevent nonshivering thermogenesis. Disruptions to umbilical blood flow can cause the fetal temperature to rise.
Paediatric anaesthesia practical tips
This document provides an overview of pediatric anesthesia considerations. It discusses key differences in pediatric physiology compared to adults, including higher oxygen consumption and metabolic rate in infants, differences in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and immature hepatic and renal function in young children. It also reviews airway anatomy variations, appropriate tube and LMA sizes, and pharmacokinetic considerations for commonly used anesthetic drugs in pediatrics. The principles of maintaining temperature, adequate oxygenation and IV fluids are emphasized for safe pediatric anesthesia.
The fetal and newborn heart ppp
The document discusses the normal fetal and newborn heart. In the fetus, circulation bypasses the lungs, but with the first breath, circulation changes to allow flow through the lungs as the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close. Several potential abnormalities of the newborn heart are also outlined, including patent ductus arteriosus where the ductus fails to close, and various septal defects or underdeveloped structures that prevent normal circulation.
Richie sanam
This document discusses guidelines for preoperative fasting in patients undergoing procedures requiring anesthesia. It outlines recommendations for fasting times for various foods and liquids in adults, children, and special populations. The primary goal of preoperative fasting is to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration by allowing time for gastric emptying. However, prolonged fasting can increase risks of dehydration, hypoglycemia, and patient dissatisfaction. The document reviews techniques to decrease gastric volume and increase gastric pH as additional measures to prevent aspiration during induction of anesthesia.
Paediatric Peroperative Care
This document discusses strategies for minimizing anxiety and stress for pediatric patients undergoing preoperative preparation. It recommends providing information to patients and families about the procedures, allowing a parent to be present during premedication and induction, using distraction techniques during anxious parts of preparation like mask placement, and promoting a child-friendly environment in waiting and operating areas with toys, TV, and clowns to reduce fear of the unknown. Staff should be educated about evidence-based practices to deliver safe and family-focused care for pediatric surgical patients.
Preoperative sedation and premedication in pediatrics
Sedation and premedication
Why? --Aims of premedication!
When?
How?
Drugs for premedication!
Routes for administration!
Side effects & complications!
Parental Anxiety
SEPARATION ANXIETY
Kids not small adults
Sedative -omitted for neonates and sick infants.
child's age, body weight, drug history, allergic status and medical or surgical conditions
Avoid needles!!
Oral premedication ≠ risk of aspiration pneumonia
Allay Anxiety & fear.
Reduce saliva and airway secretions.
Enhance the hypnotic effects of general anaesthesia.
Reduce postoperative nausea & vomiting.
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Whats new in paediatric anaesthesia by dr. mrs. minnu m. panditrao
Whats new in paediatric anaesthesia by dr. mrs. minnu m. panditrao
Preoperative sedation and premedication in pediatrics
Preoperative sedation and premedication in pediatrics
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This document discusses the use of Doppler ultrasound to monitor fetuses affected by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). It explains that PIH results from placental dysfunction causing endothelial damage and vasoconstriction. Doppler can detect how the fetus centralizes blood flow to compensate for hypoxemia, initially increasing cerebral blood flow then decreasing renal flow as compensation fails. When the pressure difference between the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava decreases due to increased afterload, deoxygenated and oxygenated blood mix drastically, leading to fetal demise. Doppler thus tracks the fetus's progression from compensated to decompensated hypoxia.
CMC Fetal Circulation.pptx Dr Biswajit Mukherjee
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation due to the presence of three major vascular shunts: the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus. The placenta receives the majority of the combined ventricular output and oxygenates blood. Oxygenated blood returns to the fetus via the umbilical vein. At birth, changes in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances cause the ductus and foramen to close, transitioning the circulation to adult patterns with the left ventricle pumping to the entire systemic circulation.
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This document discusses functional echocardiography for assessing cardiovascular function in neonates. Targeted neonatal echocardiography can be used to evaluate conditions like patent ductus arteriosus, cyanosis, and shock. Functional echocardiography longitudinally assesses cardiac function, blood flows, and shunts. It provides objective evaluation of cardiac output and tissue perfusion that indirect measures cannot. Views used in echocardiography include four-chamber, ductal, and superior vena cava flow views. Superior vena cava flow can estimate systemic blood flow and cerebral blood flow. Functional echocardiography is useful for hypotensive neonates to differentiate causes and guide management.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulatory system differs significantly from the postnatal circulatory system in several ways. During fetal development, gas exchange occurs via the placenta rather than the lungs. As a result, the fetal circulatory system has four unique shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs, including the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and umbilical vessels. This allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to reach the upper body while less oxygenated blood is shunted to the lower body and placenta for reoxygenation. At birth, closure of the shunts and expansion of the lungs causes the circulatory system to transition to adult configuration with
Fetal circulation.pptx
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation due to the presence of three major vascular shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs while oxygen is received from the placenta. The placenta functions as the fetal lungs, exchanging gases and nutrients between maternal and fetal blood without their blood mixing. At birth, changes in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances cause the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale to close, adapting circulation to extrauterine life with gas exchange occurring in the lungs.
Fetal circulation
The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation through the presence of shunts that direct blood flow away from the lungs. The ductus venosus directs oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein and liver to the heart and brain. The foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus arteriosus directs blood from the right ventricle away from the lungs. This pattern preferentially delivers oxygenated blood to vital organs and less oxygenated blood to the placenta. After birth, closure of the ductus venosus, foramen ovale and changes in blood flow cause transition to adult circulation with increased pulmonary blood flow. Pulmonary vascular resistance is high in fetuses due to
Anatomy of foetal circulation
This document discusses fetal circulation and changes at birth. It begins with an overview of fetal circulation, including the three shunts of the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus and foramen ovale that allow oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and perfuse other organs. At birth, lung aeration causes pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease while systemic vascular resistance increases, closing the shunts. The document then reviews specific anatomical changes and defects such as patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot.
Fetal circulation
The document outlines the history of discoveries related to the fetal cardiovascular circulation from the 2nd century AD to 1972. Some key points include:
- In the 16th-17th centuries, Vesalius and Spigel described the ductus venosus and noted equal ventricular thickness in fetuses.
- In 1628, William Harvey introduced his concept of blood circulation, including the fetal circulation.
- In the 1930s-40s, researchers described the fetal lamb circulation and changes at birth using new techniques like radiography and echocardiography.
- The document then describes in detail the normal anatomy and flow patterns that characterize the optimized fetal circulation.
Basics of congenital heart disease
This document discusses congenital heart disease, including causes, types of defects, and clinical management. It covers genetic and environmental causes and describes various intracardiac defects involving septal defects, valves, and outflow tracts. Defects are classified based on whether they involve cyanotic shunting, acyanotic shunting, or no shunt. The document also discusses heart development, fetal circulation, clinical presentation, and management approaches including palliative surgeries.
heart powe point presentation ppt format
A 3-week-old male infant presented with cyanosis, tachypnea, fatigue with feeding, and sweating. On examination, he had tachycardia, low blood pressure, and a systolic murmur, consistent with a congenital heart defect such as tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great vessels. Further testing, including echocardiogram and chest x-ray, was needed to determine the specific condition and appropriate treatment.
Fetal circulation
This document discusses fetal circulation and how congenital heart defects impact circulation. It notes that fetal circulation differs significantly from neonatal/adult circulation in aspects like gas exchange, ventricular circuitry, dominant ventricle, and presence of anatomical shunts. Key features of normal fetal circulation like distribution of cardiac output and preferential streaming in vessels are described. The effects of various hemodynamic perturbations on fetal cardiac output are reviewed based on studies in fetal lambs. Specific congenital heart defects and their effects on fetal circulation are also summarized.
Ebstein’s anomaly & Truncus Arteriosus
The document discusses Ebstein's anomaly, a rare congenital heart disease characterized by the apical displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It causes tricuspid regurgitation and cyanosis. Presentation ranges from fetal hydrops to minimal symptoms in adults. Diagnosis is made through echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization. Management involves measures to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in neonates and surgical repair or replacement of the tricuspid valve in older children. Prognosis depends on the severity of symptoms, with higher mortality in neonates.
Ebstein’s anomaly & Truncus Arteriosus
This document discusses Ebstein's anomaly, a rare congenital heart disease characterized by maldevelopment of the tricuspid valve. It provides details on:
1) The characteristic anatomical features including apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets.
2) The clinical presentations which range from cyanosis and heart failure in neonates to minimal symptoms in adults.
3) The diagnostic tools used including echocardiogram, which is key for diagnosis.
4) The various surgical and palliative options for treatment depending on the severity of symptoms and age of presentation.
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases
This document discusses cyanotic congenital heart disease, which refers to congenital heart defects that result in low pulmonary blood flow and cyanosis. It describes conditions like tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, and transposition of the great arteries. For each condition, it discusses the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnostic assessment including chest x-ray findings, and treatment approaches.
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This document provides an overview of congenital heart disease (CHD). It begins with learning objectives related to heart anatomy, embryology, circulation changes at birth, CHD classification and pathophysiology. Key concepts covered include shunting, single ventricle physiology, and factors that influence pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance. Specific defects discussed in detail include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Surgical and anesthetic management considerations are also reviewed.
Unit 9; Peadiatric Cardiology, Educational Platform.pptx
This document discusses fetal circulation and several congenital heart defects that can occur, including their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. It begins by describing the normal fetal circulation, where oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical vein, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale to supply the fetus. It then covers several defects: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. For each, it provides an overview of how blood flow is disrupted, typical signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches like surgery, catheterization, or medication management.
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs when the pulmonary circulation fails to decrease in resistance after birth, resulting in right-to-left shunting and hypoxemia. It can be caused by underdevelopment, maldevelopment, or maladaptation of the pulmonary vasculature. Clinically, infants present with respiratory distress and cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen therapy alone. Diagnosis involves finding elevated right-sided pressures on echocardiogram in the absence of structural heart defects, with hypoxemia out of proportion to lung disease. Treatment aims to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance through medications and potentially extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Cyanotic Heart Disease
The document summarizes various congenital heart defects that can cause cyanosis in infants, including tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia, and Ebstein's anomaly. It describes the characteristic features, causes, evaluations, and treatments for each condition. For the scenario presented, the assistant would start prostaglandin E1 treatment and call cardiology to perform an echocardiogram to determine the specific heart defect.
Similar to Fetal circulation, Schleich (20)
Unit 9; Peadiatric Cardiology, Educational Platform.pptx
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1) The document discusses multiscale modeling of congenital heart disease, which aims to simulate heart development across spatial scales from protein interactions to the primitive heart tube, and temporal scales from molecular events to weeks of development.
2) During the 4th week of embryonic development, cardiac looping transforms the linear heart tube into a four-chambered organ through rotation of the conotruncus, with different degrees of rotation corresponding to different pathologies.
3) The modeling framework integrates approaches from systems engineering, physiology, and other fields to represent processes at different scales, enabled by markup languages to share models between tools.
Landscape poster
1) The document discusses multiscale modeling of congenital heart disease, which can help study heart development as a complex system and how diseases arise from interactions at different spatial and temporal scales.
2) During the 4th week of embryonic development, cardiac looping transforms the linear heart tube into a four-chambered organ through rotation of the conotruncus; different degrees of rotation correspond to different pathologies.
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1) The document discusses multiscale systems modelling of tetralogy of Fallot, the most common congenital heart defect. It involves modelling across spatial scales from proteins to the heart tube and temporal scales from molecular events to weeks of development.
2) Tetralogy of Fallot involves four heart anomalies that frequently occur together due to a common cause of hypoplasia of the subpulmonary conus. Congenital heart diseases can be caused by abnormalities in outflow tract remodelling during development.
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Landscape poster
1) The document discusses multiscale modeling of congenital heart disease, which can help study heart development as a complex system and how diseases arise from interactions at different spatial and temporal scales.
2) During the 4th week of embryonic development, cardiac looping transforms the linear heart tube into a four-chambered organ through rotation of the conotruncus; different degrees of rotation correspond to different pathologies.
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1) The document discusses multiscale systems modelling of tetralogy of Fallot, the most common congenital heart defect causing cyanosis.
2) Tetralogy of Fallot involves four heart abnormalities: pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricle hypertrophy. One theory is these stem from hypoplasia of the subpulmonary conus.
3) Multiscale modelling across scales from 10-9m to 10-3m in space and 10-6s to 106s in time can study heart development as a system, integrating approaches from systems engineering, physiology, and markup languages to enable model interchange.
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Fetal circulation, Schleich
- 1. Fetal Circulation Anatomical aspect of the fetal circulation Role of the shunts and their regulation Ductus arteriosus Foramen ovale Ductus veinosus Fetal cardiac output / particularities of the fetal heart Modification at birth of the fetal circulation Fallot’ Project 2sd December 2009
- 2. References • Rudolph AM. Circ. Res. 1985; 57; 811-821 • Kiserud T and Rasmussen S. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 119–124 • Jouannic J.-M , Fermont L, Brodaty G, Bonnet D, Daffos F. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2004 ; 33 : 291-296.
- 3. Ductus arteriosus lungs Fetal Circulation Foramen ovale liver aorta Anatomic aspect Ductus veinosus (Arantius canal) Umbilical vein placenta Placenta serves as the site for gas exchange Umbilical arteries Umbilical cord
- 4. Role of the shunts Orientate oxygenated blood flow to the supra-aortic parts (brain / heart) Umbilical Vein -> DV -> IVC -> RA -> FO -> LA -> LV -> ascending aorta Orientate deoxygenated blood flow to the infra-aortic parts toward the placenta IVC -> RA -> RV -> PA -> DA -> descending aorta
- 5. Role of the foramen ovale Preferential flow from the IVC and from the right hepatic vein (anterior part of the IVC) to the right ventricle (less or deoxygenated blood flow) Preferential flow from the ductus veinosus (U.V.) and from the left hepatic vein (posterior part of the IVC) to the foramen ovale then to the left ventricle (oxygenated blood flow) Orientate oxygenated blood flow to the supra-aortic parts (brain / heart) Hypothesis : the streamlining of flows in the inferior vena cava « Anatomical canal » into the RA (Eustachian valve) helps direct the flow into the LA via FO Difference of the velocities between the two flows. Kiserud T. Fetal venous circulation — an update on hemodynamics. J Perinat Med 2000; 28: 90-6.
- 6. Role of the ductus arteriosus High pulmonary vascular resistances Shunt from RV and PA to the descending aorta Regulation: Vasodilatation Prostaglandin (PGE) Low PO2 Vasoconstriction Indomethacin Endothelin 1 (<= smooth muscular cells / endothelium) High PO2 (at birth)
- 7. Role of the ductus veinosus 50% of the blood flow coming from the umbilical vein bypasses the liver and goes directly to the left ventricle through the foramen ovale (70% in case of hypoxemia or hypovolemia) The O2 extraction by the liver is weak: only 15% Importance of the flow’s regulation in case of decreasing of the pressure into the umbilical vein: prostagladins, CO, adrenergic system,… i.e.: when umbilical venous return is progressively 40% reduced the percentage of umbilical venous blood passing through the ductus venosus increases 5% progressively
- 8. Fetal cardiac output (425ml/mn/kg) • The factors that influence cardiac output are heart rate, filling pressure or preload, compliance of the ventricles, resistance against which the ventricles eject, or afterload, and myocardial contractility. • Fetal myocardial compliance – Lower possibility to increase the stroke volume after increasing of the preload than in an adult heart (less compliant) • Fetal myocardial contractility – Difficulty to support stroke volume after increasing of the postload
- 9. Percentages of combined ventricular output ejected by each ventricle 20% SVC 70% 10% IVC from Rudolph / Circ Res 1985
- 10. Modification of the fetal circulation Pulmonary output => Only 10% of the combined output At birth : Importante decreasing of the pulmonary resistances: Mechanical factors Vasoactive substances: NO / PO2 Increasing of: pulmonary outflow left venous return => closure of the foramen ovale (Vieussens valve) High PO2 => vasoconstriction of the D.A.
- 11. Oxygen saturations 50% 65% 35% 70%