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Referred from different sources , here i present a very concise presentation on CRANIAL CAVITY . This presentation will give you complete knowledge of the topic cranial cavity with well elaborated and intellectual diagrams hand picked from F. Netter. ......... Do like and share , Leave your comments so as to get more stuff like this in future.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. FETAL SKULL
Fetal skull is compressible, and made mainly of thin
pliable tabular(flat) bones forming the vault.
AREAS OF SKULL
VERTEX
BROW
FACE
3. VERTEX: It is a quadrangular area
bounded anteriorly by the bregma and
coronal suture behind by the lambda and
lambdoidal sutures and laterally by lines
passing thru the parietal eminences.
BROW :It is an area bounded on one side
by the anterior fontanelle and coronal sutures
and on the other side by the root of the nose
and supra-orbital ridges of either side.
4. FACE:
It is the area
bounded by the
root of the nose
and supra-
orbital ridges
and on the
other, by the
junction of the
floor of the
mouth with
neck.
5. SINCIPUT: is the
area lying in front of
the anterior fontanelle
and corresponds to
the area of brow.
OCCIPUT: is the
area limited to the
occipital bone.
6. SUTURES
Flat bones of the vault are united together by
the non-osssified membranes attached to the
margins of the bones. These are called
sutures.
THE SAGGITAL SUTURE: lies b/w two
parietal bones.
THE CORONAL SUTURES :run b/w
parietal and frontal bones on either sides.
7.
8. Cont…
THE FRONTAL
SUTURE : lies b/w two
frontal bones.
THE LAMBDOIDAL
SUTURES : separate
the occiput bone and two
parietal bones.
9. IMPORTANCE
It permits gliding movement of one bone
over the other during moulding of the head.
Digital palpations of sagittal suture during
internal examination in labour gives an idea
of the manner of engagement of the
head, degree of internal rotation of the head
and degree of moulding of the head.
10. FONTANELLES
Wide gap in the suture line is called fontanelle.
Two obstetrical significance fontanelle are:
ANTERIOR FONTANELLE:
Formed by joining four sutures in midplane.
Anteriorly frontal.
Posteriorly saggital.
On either side coronal suture.
11. Diamond like shape.
Floor is made by a
membrane.
Ossified at 18mth
after birth.
12. IMPORTANCE
Its palpation thru internal examination
denotes the degree of flexion of the head.
It facilitates the moulding of the head.
It helps in accomodating the marked brain
growth.
Palpation reflects intracranial status.
13.
14. POSTERIOR
FONTANELLE:
Formed by junction of
three sutures.
Saggital suture anteriorly.
Lambdoidal suture on
either side.
15. Triangular in shape.
Measures about
1.2 1.2cm.
Its floor is
membranous but
become bony at 3mth.
18. DIAMETERS ATTITUDE OF THE HEAD PRESENTATION
SUBOCCIPITO-BREGMATIC: 9.5cm COMPLETE FLEXION VERTEX
extends from nape of neck to
centre of bregma.
SUBOCCIPITO-FRONTAL : 10cm INCOMPLETE FLEXION VERTEX
extends from nape of neck to
centre of sinciput.
OCCIPITO-FRONTAL:11.5cm MARKED DEFLEXION VERTEX
extends from the occipital
eminence to the root of the nose.
MENTO -VERTICAL:14cm PARTIAL EXTENSION BROW
extends from the mid point of chin
to the highest pt. on the saggital
suture.
SUBMENTO-VERTICAL: 11.5CM INCOMPLETE FLEXION FACE
extends from junction of floor of
mouth and neck to the highest pt.
on saggital suture.
SUBMENTO-BREGMATIC: 9.5CM COMPLETE FLEXION FACE
extends from junction of floor of
mouth and neck to centre of
bregma.
19. TRANSEVERSE DIAMETERS
BIPARIETAL DIAMETER:9.5cm
extends b/w two parietal eminences.
SUPER-SUBPARIETAL:8.5cm
extends from a point placed below one parietal
eminence to a pt. placed above the other parietal
eminence of the opposite side.
BI-TEMPORAL:8cm dist. b/w antero-
inferior ends of the coronal suture.
20. BI-MASTOID: 7.5cm dist. b/w tips of
the mastoid process.
MOULDING:
It is the alteration of the shape of the forecoming
head while passing thru the resistant birth
passage during labour.
IMPORTANCE:
Enables head to pass more easily, thru the
birth canal.
Shape of the moulding can be an useful
information about the position of head
occupied in the pelvis.
21.
22. Structures in fetal
circulation
Umbilical vein carries Oxygen & nutrients
to fetus.
2 umbilical arteries carry deoxygenate blood
and waste product from the fetus.
Ductus venosus from shunts blood from
umbilical vein to inf. Vena cava, bypassing the
liver and the organs of digestion.
23. Foramen ovale shunts blood from rt. Atrium to left
atrium.
Ductus arterioses- Shunts blood from pulmonary
artery to aorta bypassing lungs.
24. FETAL CIRCULATION
Umblical vein carry 80% oxygenated blood
from placenta.
enters
Fetus at umblicus & run along the falciform
ligament of liver.
then
Branches to left lobe of liver & receives
deoxygenated blood from portal vein.
25. More oxygenated blood, mixed with some portal
blood, short circuits liver thru ductus venosus.
enters
Inferior vena cava.
( mean co is inc. in fetus)
Rt. Atrium of heart.
(Superior+inferior Vena cava)
25% of blood pass 75% of bl ood pass thru
Thru tricuspid valve . foraman ovale.
26. Into rt. Ventricle. Into lt.atrium
(blood mixes with venous blood
Pul. trunk returning from lungs thru pul. vein)
(resist in pul.
Artery is high.
So main portion
Of blood) thru mitral opening
pass through ductus
artriosus
lt. ventricle
27. to
ventricular systole
Descending aorta Blood pumped into ascending aorta and
arch of aorta and distribute to,head,
neck, brain arms and heart
by pass (lungs)
leaves the body by the
Way of
2 umbical arteres reach
Placenta (ready for recirculation)
28.
29. CHANGES OF THE FETAL
CIRCULATION AT BIRTH
CLOSURE OF UMBILICAL ARTERIES:
Obliteration takes place about 2-3 mths. The
distal parts from the lateral umbilical ligaments
and the proximal parts remain open as superior
vesical arteries.
CLOSURE OF UMBILICAL VEIN: The
Obliteration occurs a little later than the arteries.
After obliteration, the umbilical vein from the
ligamentum teres and the ductus venosus
become ligament venosum.
30. CLOSURE OF THE DUCTUS
ARTERIOSUS: Functional closure of the
ductus may occur soon after the establishment
of pul. circulation, the anatomical obliteration
takes about 1-3mths and becomes ligamentum
arteriosum.
CLOSURE OF THE FORAMEN
OVALE: Functional closure occurs soon after
birth but anatomical closure occurs in about 1yr.
(After birth CO is 500ml/min. and
heart rate varies from 120-140 /min.)
31.
32. RECAPTULIZATION
Posterior fontanelle is of…………….. Shape.
Anterior fontanelle formed by joining
………., ……….and……….. Sutures.
Occipito-frontal is ………..cm.
Longest diameter is………… and of ………cm.
Saggital suture lies b/w ………… bones.
…………. carries Oxygen & nutrients
to fetus.
33. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dutta D.C. Textbook of obstetrics 6th edition
central publishers.page-83-94,42-44.
www.blurtit.com/q328911.
www.tripdatabase.com/doc/226448
www.purposegames.com/game/fetal-skull-
fontanelles.