Fertilisation in the flowering plants
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•523 views
Fertilization begins when a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower. A pollen tube then grows and carries two male gametes down to the ovule. One male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm. This double fertilization process results in the formation of a seed containing an embryo and nourishment in the form of endosperm. After fertilization, the ovary of many flowers swells to become the fruit, protecting the developing seeds inside.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Fertilization in plants ( Double fertilization, syngamy, triple fusion.
This document discusses fertilization in plants. It begins by defining fertilization as the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. It states that the pollen grain produces male gametes and the embryo sac produces an egg cell and polar nuclei. There are three types of pollen tube entry: porogamy through the micropyle, mesogamy through the integuments, and chalazogamy through the chalaza. The document then describes double fertilization, where one male gamete fuses with the egg nucleus to form a zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm nucleus.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers that contain male stamen and female pistils. Pollen grains are produced via microsporogenesis in the anther of stamens and contain two cells. Ovules in the pistil undergo megasporogenesis to form the embryo sac which contains seven cells. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil. This leads to double fertilization where one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form the embryo and another with polar nuclei to form endosperm to nourish the embryo as it develops into a seed. The ovary wall develops into a fruit containing seeds.
Pollination, fertilisation and germination
This is a brief presentation about pollination, fertilisation and germination.
LEVEL: High School (ESL teaching)
Pollination & Fertilization in Plants
Pollination and fertilization in plants is a multi-step process. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the flower through pollination, which can be self-pollination or cross-pollination. Upon reaching the stigma, the pollen grain germinates and the pollen tube grows down through the style until it reaches the ovule. Double fertilization then occurs, where one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. This provides nutrition for the developing embryo and leads to the formation of seeds.
Fertilisation in plants
Plant fertilization is the union of male and female gametes (reproductive cells) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg)
Double Fertilization
Both the male gametes/sperms participate in sexual reproduction.
Two male gametes fuse with one female gamete wherein one male gamete fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, whereas the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form an endosperm
Triple fusion is the fusion of the male gamete with two polar nuclei inside the embryo sac of the angiosperm.
Porogamy - entry through the micropyle.
Chalazogamy - entry through the Chalaza
Mesogamy - entry through the middle part or the integuments
Steps leading to fertilization
Germination of the pollen grain:
Stigma function is to provide place of lodging and germination of the pollen grain after pollination.
Types of stigmas-
Wet stigmas
Secrete exudates like water and other nutrients
In the form of droplets on the stigma.
Exudates made up of a mix of water, lipids, sugars, amino acids, phenolic compounds.
Highly viscous and adhesive. Ex: Petunia, Zea etc.
Dry stigma
Do not secrete exudates Ex: Gossypium
Double Fertilization & Triple Fusion:
Both the male gametes are involved in the fertilization.
Fertilize two different components of the embryo sac - Double Fertilization
One fuses with the egg nucleus (syngamy) -> Zygote(2n)
second fuses with polar nuclei -> primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).
Involves fusion of three nuclei - Triple fusion -> Endosperm(3n)
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Discharge of pollen tube contents (two male gametes, vegetative nucleus and cytoplasm) into the synergids.
Disorganization of tube nucleus
Polyspermy &Heterofertilization
Heterofertilization - Type of double fertilization in plants in which endosperm and embryo are genetically different.
This happens when two different sperm nuclei from two different pollen tubes happen to enter the same embryo sac.
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Annie Sheron
Kakatiya Government College
DOUBLE FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS
Double fertilization is a unique process in angiosperms where two male gametes from the pollen fuse with two female cells in the embryo sac. The first fusion is between a male gamete and the egg cell, forming a zygote. The second fusion is between the other male gamete and the central cell nuclei, forming the endosperm. This two-step process was first observed in 1898 and provides angiosperms with seeds that contain nutrients for the embryo's development. Double fertilization likely contributes to angiosperms' dominance as it produces viable seeds adapted for dispersal.
Double fertilization
Double fertilization is the process found in angiosperms in which out of the two male gametes released inside the embryo sac, one fuses with the egg cell (syngamy) and another fuse with secondary nucleus (triple fusion).
Pollen pistil interaction, Self Compatibility, Pollen grain rejection, Double...
Pollen pistil interaction, Self Compatibility, Pollen grain rejection, Double...HARINATHA REDDY ASWARTHA
The document summarizes key stages and processes in pollen-pistil interaction and fertilization in flowering plants. It describes:
1) Pollen recognition and compatibility determination by the pistil;
2) Pollen germination and tube growth through the pistil tissues; and
3) Double fertilization involving syngamy of the egg and sperm and fusion of the other sperm with the polar nuclei to form endosperm. Post-fertilization development of the endosperm and embryo into a seed and fruit is also outlined.Recommended
Fertilization in plants ( Double fertilization, syngamy, triple fusion.
This document discusses fertilization in plants. It begins by defining fertilization as the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. It states that the pollen grain produces male gametes and the embryo sac produces an egg cell and polar nuclei. There are three types of pollen tube entry: porogamy through the micropyle, mesogamy through the integuments, and chalazogamy through the chalaza. The document then describes double fertilization, where one male gamete fuses with the egg nucleus to form a zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm nucleus.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers that contain male stamen and female pistils. Pollen grains are produced via microsporogenesis in the anther of stamens and contain two cells. Ovules in the pistil undergo megasporogenesis to form the embryo sac which contains seven cells. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil. This leads to double fertilization where one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form the embryo and another with polar nuclei to form endosperm to nourish the embryo as it develops into a seed. The ovary wall develops into a fruit containing seeds.
Pollination, fertilisation and germination
This is a brief presentation about pollination, fertilisation and germination.
LEVEL: High School (ESL teaching)
Pollination & Fertilization in Plants
Pollination and fertilization in plants is a multi-step process. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the flower through pollination, which can be self-pollination or cross-pollination. Upon reaching the stigma, the pollen grain germinates and the pollen tube grows down through the style until it reaches the ovule. Double fertilization then occurs, where one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. This provides nutrition for the developing embryo and leads to the formation of seeds.
Fertilisation in plants
Plant fertilization is the union of male and female gametes (reproductive cells) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg)
Double Fertilization
Both the male gametes/sperms participate in sexual reproduction.
Two male gametes fuse with one female gamete wherein one male gamete fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, whereas the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form an endosperm
Triple fusion is the fusion of the male gamete with two polar nuclei inside the embryo sac of the angiosperm.
Porogamy - entry through the micropyle.
Chalazogamy - entry through the Chalaza
Mesogamy - entry through the middle part or the integuments
Steps leading to fertilization
Germination of the pollen grain:
Stigma function is to provide place of lodging and germination of the pollen grain after pollination.
Types of stigmas-
Wet stigmas
Secrete exudates like water and other nutrients
In the form of droplets on the stigma.
Exudates made up of a mix of water, lipids, sugars, amino acids, phenolic compounds.
Highly viscous and adhesive. Ex: Petunia, Zea etc.
Dry stigma
Do not secrete exudates Ex: Gossypium
Double Fertilization & Triple Fusion:
Both the male gametes are involved in the fertilization.
Fertilize two different components of the embryo sac - Double Fertilization
One fuses with the egg nucleus (syngamy) -> Zygote(2n)
second fuses with polar nuclei -> primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).
Involves fusion of three nuclei - Triple fusion -> Endosperm(3n)
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Discharge of pollen tube contents (two male gametes, vegetative nucleus and cytoplasm) into the synergids.
Disorganization of tube nucleus
Polyspermy &Heterofertilization
Heterofertilization - Type of double fertilization in plants in which endosperm and embryo are genetically different.
This happens when two different sperm nuclei from two different pollen tubes happen to enter the same embryo sac.
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Annie Sheron
Kakatiya Government College
DOUBLE FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS
Double fertilization is a unique process in angiosperms where two male gametes from the pollen fuse with two female cells in the embryo sac. The first fusion is between a male gamete and the egg cell, forming a zygote. The second fusion is between the other male gamete and the central cell nuclei, forming the endosperm. This two-step process was first observed in 1898 and provides angiosperms with seeds that contain nutrients for the embryo's development. Double fertilization likely contributes to angiosperms' dominance as it produces viable seeds adapted for dispersal.
Double fertilization
Double fertilization is the process found in angiosperms in which out of the two male gametes released inside the embryo sac, one fuses with the egg cell (syngamy) and another fuse with secondary nucleus (triple fusion).
Pollen pistil interaction, Self Compatibility, Pollen grain rejection, Double...
Pollen pistil interaction, Self Compatibility, Pollen grain rejection, Double...HARINATHA REDDY ASWARTHA
The document summarizes key stages and processes in pollen-pistil interaction and fertilization in flowering plants. It describes:
1) Pollen recognition and compatibility determination by the pistil;
2) Pollen germination and tube growth through the pistil tissues; and
3) Double fertilization involving syngamy of the egg and sperm and fusion of the other sperm with the polar nuclei to form endosperm. Post-fertilization development of the endosperm and embryo into a seed and fruit is also outlined.Chapter 15. Plant Growth and Development
All cells of a plant develop from the zygote. The zygote undergoes cell division and the cells differentiate into tissues and organs through the processes of growth and differentiation. During development, plants form complex structures like roots, leaves, flowers and fruits. Growth is defined as a permanent increase in size through cellular processes. There are different types of growth rates including arithmetic and geometric. Plant growth and development is regulated by plant growth regulators or phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene.
Embryology of pollen and ovule development
This document summarizes key aspects of flower structure and function, plant reproduction, and fertilization. It describes the basic parts of a flower including the pistil, stamen, petals, and sepals. It explains that flowers undergo meiosis to produce haploid pollen and ovules, and outlines pollen and ovule development within the anther and ovary. Upon pollination, pollen tubes grow into the pistil where the male gametes are released and double fertilization occurs, with one sperm fusing with the egg to form a zygote and the other fusing with the central cell to form endosperm. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo, the endos
Cross pollination in plants
1. The document discusses cross pollination, which is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a different plant.
2. There are two main types of pollination - wind pollination and insect pollination. Wind pollinated flowers have adaptations like small dull flowers and lightweight pollen for wind dispersal, while insect pollinated flowers offer rewards like nectar and scent to attract pollinators.
3. Cross pollination provides advantages like more viable and resistant offspring through genetic recombination, but also disadvantages like less genetic purity and reliance on pollinating agents. Plants use mechanisms like dichogamy and self-sterility to encourage out
Chapter 10-plant reproduction
- Plants can reproduce both sexually, requiring male and female sex cells (sperm and egg), and asexually, where one parent reproduces an exact genetic copy without sex cells.
- Sexual reproduction involves the fertilization of egg and sperm cells within reproductive organs, while asexual reproduction occurs through vegetative propagation like stems, roots, or leaves.
- In seed plants, pollen carries sperm from the male stamen to fertilize the female ovule in the pistil, forming seeds which grow into new plants.
Seed structure and germination
The document discusses seed structure, the conditions required for germination including water, temperature, oxygen, and the two main types of germination - hypogeal where the cotyledons remain underground and epigeal where they are pushed above ground. It also describes seed structure and germination processes in various plants like peas, beans, and maize, as well as special types of germination like vivipary seen in mangrove plants.
Pollination
Pollination in plants is the process where pollen is transferred from the anther, the male part of a flower, to the stigma, the female part of a flower. Pollen can be transferred to one plant or even a nearby plant so that they can get fertilized and make more flowers. This happens in plants that have flowers called angiosperms.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) What is Pollination?
2) Types of Pollination
3) Self-Pollination
- Adaptations for Self-Pollination
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Pollination
4) Cross-Pollination
- Adaptations for Cross-Pollination
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-Pollination
5) Agents of Cross-Pollination
- Entomophilous
- Anemophilous
- Hydrophilous
6) Artificial Pollination
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Pollen pistil interaction
Pollen pistil interaction
Types of Incompatibility in plants
Methods to overcome Incompatibility
Prepared by
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Assistant Professor of Botany
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
KAKATIYA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE, HANAMKONDA
Fertilization in Flowering Plants
Fertilization is the process of fusion of the female gamete, the ovum or egg and the male gamete produced in the pollen tube by the pollen grain. Fertilization in flowering plants was discovered by Strassburger in 1884.
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms. They vary greatly physically and are of great diversity in methods of reproduction. The process of fertilization in plants occurs when gametes in haploid conditions meet to create a zygote which is diploid.
The male gametes of the flower are transferred on to the female reproductive organs through pollinators. The final product of this process is the formation of embryo in a seed.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) What is Fertilization?
2) The Pollen Grain (Male Gamete)
3) The Ovule (Containing Female Gamete)
4) Microsporogenesis and Megasporogenesis
5) Germination of Pollen Grain
6) Double Fertilization
7) Post Fertilization Events
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants- Chapter 2
1. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving stamens, which produce pollen grains containing male gametes, and pistils, which contain female gametes within ovules.
2. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and a generative cell that will form sperm. Pollen lands on the stigma of a pistil and a pollen tube grows to deliver the sperm to the egg cell.
3. Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the central cells to form endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
structure of flower
This document provides information about the structure and function of flowers. It describes how flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. A typical flower has four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx is the outermost whorl of sepals that enclose the flower bud. The corolla is inside the calyx and is made up of brightly colored petals that attract pollinators. The androecium is the male structure consisting of stamens that produce pollen. The gynoecium is the female structure containing carpels that form the ovary, style and stigma where fertilization occurs.
Welcome to sem5(hons) microgemetogenesis
Microgametogenesis as well as male gametophyte to explore the beauty of sexuality of angiosperms along with the different attributes .
Angiosperms (flowering plants) PowerPoint Presentation
Second Semester PowerPoint Presentation on the flowering plants, the largest organisms of the plant kingdom.
This was presented by Group 10.
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)Shashi kumari,Delhi university,Amity university,JNU New Delhi
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Flowers contain male stamen that produce pollen and female pistils. Fertilization occurs when pollen is transferred, or pollinated, to the stigma of the pistil. Pollination can be self-pollination within a flower or cross-pollination between flowers. After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit containing seeds. Seeds are dispersed by various methods and may germinate to form a seedling with root, shoot, and leaves developing from the radicle, hypocotyl, and epicotyl respectively.#Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through their flowers. The flower contains both male and female reproductive parts. The male parts (stamens) produce pollen, which contains sperm. The female parts (carpels or pistils) contain ovaries with ovules that contain eggs. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma of the pistil. This allows the pollen tube to grow down to the ovary where double fertilization occurs, fertilizing one egg and the central cell to produce seeds. The ovary then develops into a fruit surrounding the seeds. Plants can self-pollinate using pollen from the same flower or cross-pollinate using pollen from another flower
Development of male gametophyte
This document summarizes the development of the male gametophyte or microsporogenesis in plants. It begins with an introduction describing how microspores develop into a vegetative cell and generative cell. It then discusses how the generative cell undergoes mitosis to form two sperm cells. The document proceeds to describe the formation of the vegetative and generative cells from the microspore, including their sizes, shapes and contents. It concludes by discussing the development of the pollen wall, which has two layers - the outer exine and inner intine.
130 ovule development revised
Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis involve the formation of microspores and their development into pollen grains containing sperm cells. A key gene involved is QUARTET (QRT), which functions to degrade pectin and allow separation of microspores from the tetrad. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and generative cell.
Ovule development involves the formation of integuments around the nucellus. A megaspore mother cell differentiates and undergoes meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The functional megaspore then undergoes three mitotic divisions to form an eight-nucleate embryo sac containing three antipodals, two synergids, two
Pollen pistil interaction
The document discusses pollen-pistil interaction and development of seeds and fruits in angiosperms. It describes how the pollen tube grows through the pistil tissues towards the ovary after pollination. It explains that fertilization results in the ovule developing into a seed and the ovary developing into a fruit. The key stages of embryo and endosperm development are also summarized.
polyembryony.pptx
This seminar presentation discusses polyembryony, which is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. It was first reported in orange seeds in 1719. Polyembryony is common in conifers and some dicots and monocots. There are two types of polyembryony - true and false. True polyembryony results from embryos developing within or projecting into a single embryo sac, through cleavage or adventitiously. False polyembryony results from multiple embryo sacs arising from the same or different megaspore mother cells or nucellar cells. Causes of polyembryony include necrohormone and hybridization theories. Polyembryony has importance for plant
Pollination
This document discusses pollination, defining it as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. It describes the two main types of pollination - self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains within or between flowers on the same plant, while cross-pollination involves the transfer between genetically different plants. The document outlines various pollination mechanisms like anemophily, entomophily and ornithophily and discusses the adaptations of flowers to each. It also describes methods to ensure cross-pollination and the importance and process of artificial pollination as well as coevolution between flowers and
Pollination : Types and significance
Pollination : Types and significance.
The Seminar presented by Biswajit Das
L.T.K. College, Department of Botany.
In order that a plant is able to produce seeds, the male and female gametes must come together.
The male gamete is produced by the androecium within the pollen grain, while the female gamete is produced by the gynoecium within the ovule.
Pollination is the process that helps in bringing male and female gametes together.
Self-pollination and cross-pollination are two major ways. Flowering plants are adapted to use vivid agents, like biotic and abiotic.
.............................................................. Thank You.
Double fertilisation in the flowering plant
When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, a pollen tube grows and carries two male gametes down to the ovule. One male gamete fuses with the female gamete or egg cell to form a zygote through fertilization. The pollen tube also delivers a second male gamete that fuses with two polar nuclei in the ovule to form the endosperm through double fertilization. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit containing seeds with embryos inside.
how do organisms reproduce
This document discusses different types of reproduction including asexual reproduction methods like fission, fragmentation, regeneration, and vegetative propagation. It also discusses sexual reproduction in plants and humans. Key stages of human reproduction are described such as puberty and the male and female reproductive systems. Fertilization and what happens if fertilization does or does not occur are explained. Other topics covered include reproductive health, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases.
More Related Content
What's hot
Chapter 15. Plant Growth and Development
All cells of a plant develop from the zygote. The zygote undergoes cell division and the cells differentiate into tissues and organs through the processes of growth and differentiation. During development, plants form complex structures like roots, leaves, flowers and fruits. Growth is defined as a permanent increase in size through cellular processes. There are different types of growth rates including arithmetic and geometric. Plant growth and development is regulated by plant growth regulators or phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene.
Embryology of pollen and ovule development
This document summarizes key aspects of flower structure and function, plant reproduction, and fertilization. It describes the basic parts of a flower including the pistil, stamen, petals, and sepals. It explains that flowers undergo meiosis to produce haploid pollen and ovules, and outlines pollen and ovule development within the anther and ovary. Upon pollination, pollen tubes grow into the pistil where the male gametes are released and double fertilization occurs, with one sperm fusing with the egg to form a zygote and the other fusing with the central cell to form endosperm. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an embryo, the endos
Cross pollination in plants
1. The document discusses cross pollination, which is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a different plant.
2. There are two main types of pollination - wind pollination and insect pollination. Wind pollinated flowers have adaptations like small dull flowers and lightweight pollen for wind dispersal, while insect pollinated flowers offer rewards like nectar and scent to attract pollinators.
3. Cross pollination provides advantages like more viable and resistant offspring through genetic recombination, but also disadvantages like less genetic purity and reliance on pollinating agents. Plants use mechanisms like dichogamy and self-sterility to encourage out
Chapter 10-plant reproduction
- Plants can reproduce both sexually, requiring male and female sex cells (sperm and egg), and asexually, where one parent reproduces an exact genetic copy without sex cells.
- Sexual reproduction involves the fertilization of egg and sperm cells within reproductive organs, while asexual reproduction occurs through vegetative propagation like stems, roots, or leaves.
- In seed plants, pollen carries sperm from the male stamen to fertilize the female ovule in the pistil, forming seeds which grow into new plants.
Seed structure and germination
The document discusses seed structure, the conditions required for germination including water, temperature, oxygen, and the two main types of germination - hypogeal where the cotyledons remain underground and epigeal where they are pushed above ground. It also describes seed structure and germination processes in various plants like peas, beans, and maize, as well as special types of germination like vivipary seen in mangrove plants.
Pollination
Pollination in plants is the process where pollen is transferred from the anther, the male part of a flower, to the stigma, the female part of a flower. Pollen can be transferred to one plant or even a nearby plant so that they can get fertilized and make more flowers. This happens in plants that have flowers called angiosperms.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) What is Pollination?
2) Types of Pollination
3) Self-Pollination
- Adaptations for Self-Pollination
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Pollination
4) Cross-Pollination
- Adaptations for Cross-Pollination
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-Pollination
5) Agents of Cross-Pollination
- Entomophilous
- Anemophilous
- Hydrophilous
6) Artificial Pollination
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Pollen pistil interaction
Pollen pistil interaction
Types of Incompatibility in plants
Methods to overcome Incompatibility
Prepared by
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Assistant Professor of Botany
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
KAKATIYA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE, HANAMKONDA
Fertilization in Flowering Plants
Fertilization is the process of fusion of the female gamete, the ovum or egg and the male gamete produced in the pollen tube by the pollen grain. Fertilization in flowering plants was discovered by Strassburger in 1884.
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms. They vary greatly physically and are of great diversity in methods of reproduction. The process of fertilization in plants occurs when gametes in haploid conditions meet to create a zygote which is diploid.
The male gametes of the flower are transferred on to the female reproductive organs through pollinators. The final product of this process is the formation of embryo in a seed.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) What is Fertilization?
2) The Pollen Grain (Male Gamete)
3) The Ovule (Containing Female Gamete)
4) Microsporogenesis and Megasporogenesis
5) Germination of Pollen Grain
6) Double Fertilization
7) Post Fertilization Events
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants- Chapter 2
1. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process involving stamens, which produce pollen grains containing male gametes, and pistils, which contain female gametes within ovules.
2. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and a generative cell that will form sperm. Pollen lands on the stigma of a pistil and a pollen tube grows to deliver the sperm to the egg cell.
3. Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the central cells to form endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
structure of flower
This document provides information about the structure and function of flowers. It describes how flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. A typical flower has four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx is the outermost whorl of sepals that enclose the flower bud. The corolla is inside the calyx and is made up of brightly colored petals that attract pollinators. The androecium is the male structure consisting of stamens that produce pollen. The gynoecium is the female structure containing carpels that form the ovary, style and stigma where fertilization occurs.
Welcome to sem5(hons) microgemetogenesis
Microgametogenesis as well as male gametophyte to explore the beauty of sexuality of angiosperms along with the different attributes .
Angiosperms (flowering plants) PowerPoint Presentation
Second Semester PowerPoint Presentation on the flowering plants, the largest organisms of the plant kingdom.
This was presented by Group 10.
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)Shashi kumari,Delhi university,Amity university,JNU New Delhi
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Flowers contain male stamen that produce pollen and female pistils. Fertilization occurs when pollen is transferred, or pollinated, to the stigma of the pistil. Pollination can be self-pollination within a flower or cross-pollination between flowers. After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit containing seeds. Seeds are dispersed by various methods and may germinate to form a seedling with root, shoot, and leaves developing from the radicle, hypocotyl, and epicotyl respectively.#Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through their flowers. The flower contains both male and female reproductive parts. The male parts (stamens) produce pollen, which contains sperm. The female parts (carpels or pistils) contain ovaries with ovules that contain eggs. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma of the pistil. This allows the pollen tube to grow down to the ovary where double fertilization occurs, fertilizing one egg and the central cell to produce seeds. The ovary then develops into a fruit surrounding the seeds. Plants can self-pollinate using pollen from the same flower or cross-pollinate using pollen from another flower
Development of male gametophyte
This document summarizes the development of the male gametophyte or microsporogenesis in plants. It begins with an introduction describing how microspores develop into a vegetative cell and generative cell. It then discusses how the generative cell undergoes mitosis to form two sperm cells. The document proceeds to describe the formation of the vegetative and generative cells from the microspore, including their sizes, shapes and contents. It concludes by discussing the development of the pollen wall, which has two layers - the outer exine and inner intine.
130 ovule development revised
Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis involve the formation of microspores and their development into pollen grains containing sperm cells. A key gene involved is QUARTET (QRT), which functions to degrade pectin and allow separation of microspores from the tetrad. Pollen grains contain two cells - a vegetative cell and generative cell.
Ovule development involves the formation of integuments around the nucellus. A megaspore mother cell differentiates and undergoes meiosis to form a linear tetrad. The functional megaspore then undergoes three mitotic divisions to form an eight-nucleate embryo sac containing three antipodals, two synergids, two
Pollen pistil interaction
The document discusses pollen-pistil interaction and development of seeds and fruits in angiosperms. It describes how the pollen tube grows through the pistil tissues towards the ovary after pollination. It explains that fertilization results in the ovule developing into a seed and the ovary developing into a fruit. The key stages of embryo and endosperm development are also summarized.
polyembryony.pptx
This seminar presentation discusses polyembryony, which is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. It was first reported in orange seeds in 1719. Polyembryony is common in conifers and some dicots and monocots. There are two types of polyembryony - true and false. True polyembryony results from embryos developing within or projecting into a single embryo sac, through cleavage or adventitiously. False polyembryony results from multiple embryo sacs arising from the same or different megaspore mother cells or nucellar cells. Causes of polyembryony include necrohormone and hybridization theories. Polyembryony has importance for plant
Pollination
This document discusses pollination, defining it as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. It describes the two main types of pollination - self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains within or between flowers on the same plant, while cross-pollination involves the transfer between genetically different plants. The document outlines various pollination mechanisms like anemophily, entomophily and ornithophily and discusses the adaptations of flowers to each. It also describes methods to ensure cross-pollination and the importance and process of artificial pollination as well as coevolution between flowers and
Pollination : Types and significance
Pollination : Types and significance.
The Seminar presented by Biswajit Das
L.T.K. College, Department of Botany.
In order that a plant is able to produce seeds, the male and female gametes must come together.
The male gamete is produced by the androecium within the pollen grain, while the female gamete is produced by the gynoecium within the ovule.
Pollination is the process that helps in bringing male and female gametes together.
Self-pollination and cross-pollination are two major ways. Flowering plants are adapted to use vivid agents, like biotic and abiotic.
.............................................................. Thank You.
What's hot (20)
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants- Chapter 2
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants- Chapter 2
Angiosperms (flowering plants) PowerPoint Presentation
Angiosperms (flowering plants) PowerPoint Presentation
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)
Reproduction in flowering plants (sexual reproduction)
Similar to Fertilisation in the flowering plants
Double fertilisation in the flowering plant
When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, a pollen tube grows and carries two male gametes down to the ovule. One male gamete fuses with the female gamete or egg cell to form a zygote through fertilization. The pollen tube also delivers a second male gamete that fuses with two polar nuclei in the ovule to form the endosperm through double fertilization. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit containing seeds with embryos inside.
how do organisms reproduce
This document discusses different types of reproduction including asexual reproduction methods like fission, fragmentation, regeneration, and vegetative propagation. It also discusses sexual reproduction in plants and humans. Key stages of human reproduction are described such as puberty and the male and female reproductive systems. Fertilization and what happens if fertilization does or does not occur are explained. Other topics covered include reproductive health, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases.
how_do_organisms_reproduce (2).pptx
Reproduction allows organisms to generate new individuals of the same kind and is important for species survival. It involves DNA duplication and separation into two cells, passing genetic information between generations. There are two main types of reproduction - asexual, which involves a single parent and no fertilization, and sexual, which requires gamete formation and fertilization between two parents. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves pollination, fertilization within the ovary leading to seed formation, and double fertilization producing the embryo and endosperm.
“ Seed and Fruit development and Seed and Fruit Abortion ”.pptx
Seed and fruit development involve complex processes including double fertilization, embryo and endosperm development, and fruit ripening. Seed abortion can occur due to failures in fertilization, endosperm, or embryo development. It reduces yields in many crops. Fruit abortion is influenced by environmental and genetic factors and plant hormones. It results from embryo or fruit abscission and diminishes wild blueberry yields despite high initial fruit set. Understanding the causes of seed and fruit abortion can help improve crop productivity and yields.
Plant and Animal Reproduction
1. Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring and involves either asexual or sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires fertilization between male and female gametes while asexual reproduction does not.
2. In plants, sexual reproduction involves pollination, where pollen is transferred between flowers, and fertilization, where the male gametes fuse with the female gametes. This results in the production of seeds containing embryos.
3. In animals, sexual reproduction involves internal or external fertilization. Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body while external fertilization occurs outside. Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg cells to form a zygote, beginning the process of development.
Std10 Ch12-Life-cycle
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes - one male and one female. In plants, this occurs through pollination where pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma, and fertilization where the pollen tube delivers sperm to fuse with the egg. This restores the chromosome number and produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents, allowing for beneficial variations that help species adapt and survive changing environments. Asexual reproduction only involves one parent and mitosis, resulting in genetically identical offspring but lacks variations. Both modes are important - sexual reproduction for variations and asexual for rapid reproduction.
4[1].5 FORM 5
This document summarizes the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It describes the male and female structures in flowers, including the formation of pollen grains and embryo sacs. The key stages discussed are pollination, fertilization, and double fertilization. Double fertilization is important because it ensures the nutritive endosperm tissue forms to provide food for the developing embryo, allowing seeds to survive unfavorable conditions until germination.
Life cycle
The document discusses various topics related to the life cycle and reproduction in organisms. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions about sexual and asexual reproduction, terms related to plant reproduction like stamen and pollination, and examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms like binary fission in amoeba and budding in yeast. There are also questions about regeneration, advantages of sexual reproduction, menstruation, and modes of reproduction in plants and unicellular organisms.
Biology Form 5 Chapter 4 : 4.5 Reproduction in flowering plants
1. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves flowers that are usually bisexual or hermaphroditic containing both male and female structures.
2. Pollen grains containing sperm cells are produced from microspores in the anther, while embryo sacs containing egg cells form in ovules after meiosis of megaspores.
3. During pollination, pollen grains land on the stigma of a carpel and a pollen tube grows to deliver sperm for double fertilization - one sperm fuses with the egg to form a zygote, and the other fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm in the seed.
howdoorganismsreproduce-200626171257.pdf
Reproduction allows organisms to produce new individuals of their own kind and maintain their existence across generations. It occurs through either asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. DNA replication and cell division are basic steps in reproduction, and variations that arise provide the basis for evolution and survival of species over time.
How do organisms reproduce
Reproduction allows organisms to produce new individuals of their own kind and maintain their existence across generations. It occurs through either asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. DNA replication and cell division are basic steps in reproduction, and variations introduced during DNA copying are the basis of evolution and allow species to adapt over time.
REPRODUCTION.pptx
1. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical. It is common in unicellular organisms and allows for rapid population growth.
2. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. In humans, gametes from the male and female reproductive systems fuse during fertilization, forming a zygote that develops into an embryo.
3. Reproduction, whether asexual or sexual, ensures the continuity of species from one generation to the next. It increases genetic diversity which allows populations to adapt to their environments.
12 biology notes_ch02_sexual_reproduction_in_flowering_plants
This document discusses sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It describes the structures involved, including the male stamen which produces pollen grains containing sperm cells, and the female pistil containing the ovary with ovules. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma of the pistil. This leads to fertilization, where one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell and another with the polar nuclei, in a process called double fertilization. This forms the seed containing an embryo and endosperm with food reserves. The document outlines the stages and mechanisms of gamete formation, pollination, fertilization and seed development.
Hybridization
Hybridization involves the crossing of genetically distinct individuals to produce offspring. There are three main types: natural hybridization through sexual reproduction, wide hybridization between different but related species or genera, and somatic hybridization which involves fusing protoplast cells. Hybridization has been an effective method for crop improvement programs by increasing genetic variability. Pollination, the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma, is important for sexual reproduction and evolution by producing variable offspring and preventing inbreeding. Flowering plants have evolved mechanisms like separate male and female parts and attracting pollinators to ensure outcrossing. Fertilization begins when the pollen tube grows from the stigma and delivers the sperm to fertilize
Double fertilization & triple fusion
This document discusses double fertilization and endosperm development in plants. It explains that double fertilization involves one male gamete fusing with the egg to form a diploid zygote, and the other fusing with the central cell's polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm nucleus. This triggers endosperm development, which provides nourishment for the developing embryo. The document outlines three types of endosperm - nuclear, cellular, and helobial - based on whether cell walls form during division of the primary endosperm nucleus.
BIO PPT.pptx
Reproduction in plants can occur through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with genetic variation. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves pollen grains containing male gametes fertilizing female gametes in the ovules. This can occur through self-pollination within the same flower or cross-pollination between different flowers. If fertilization is successful, a zygote forms which develops into a seed containing an embryo plant.
Reproduction in plants(flowering)
Plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring that are genetically unique combinations of the parents. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical clones. In plants, common forms of asexual reproduction include budding and production of tubers or spores. Sexual reproduction requires flowers, which typically have male stamens that produce pollen and female pistils. Fertilization occurs when pollen lands on the stigma and a pollen tube delivers the male gamete to fuse with the female gamete, forming a seed.
Reproduction in lower and higher plants
This document summarizes reproduction in lower and higher plants. It describes asexual reproduction methods like fragmentation, budding, spore formation and vegetative reproduction through cutting, grafting and tissue culture. Sexual reproduction requires fusion of male and female gametes. In flowering plants, the male parts (stamen) produce pollen which contains microspores. These develop into pollen grains which contain the male gametophyte. The female parts (pistil, carpel) contain ovules which house the embryo sac (female gametophyte). Fertilization occurs when pollen lands on the stigma and a pollen tube delivers sperm for double fertilization within the embryo sac.
独中生物 Chapter 17 reproduction
This document outlines objectives and topics related to plant and human reproduction. The objectives include recognizing types of asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and humans, understanding alternation of generation in plants, and comprehending processes like fertilization and embryonic development. Main topics covered are double fertilization, formation of sperm and ovules, the menstrual cycle and hormones, and fertilization leading to zygote development. Difficult points include the importance of sexual reproduction and alternation of generation in plants.
Similar to Fertilisation in the flowering plants (20)
“ Seed and Fruit development and Seed and Fruit Abortion ”.pptx
“ Seed and Fruit development and Seed and Fruit Abortion ”.pptx
Biology Form 5 Chapter 4 : 4.5 Reproduction in flowering plants
Biology Form 5 Chapter 4 : 4.5 Reproduction in flowering plants
12 biology notes_ch02_sexual_reproduction_in_flowering_plants
12 biology notes_ch02_sexual_reproduction_in_flowering_plants
More from Ancy Nasir
Quiz maker
This quiz covers basic facts about the animal kingdom. It contains 10 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about invertebrate percentages, characteristics of specific animals like planaria and the fire-bellied toad, anatomical structures such as the notochord and tube feet, and physiological features of organisms ranging from earthworms to birds. The answers provided indicate that invertebrates make up 95% of animal species, sea anemones have a diploblastic acoelomic condition, sponges have several pores and skeletons containing spicules, and the sound box of birds is called a syrinx.
Artificial propagation
This document discusses three artificial methods of vegetative plant propagation: layering, cutting, and grafting. Layering involves bending a stem or branch to the ground and burying part of it so roots develop. Cutting uses small stem, leaf, or root cuttings planted in soil to develop new plants. Grafting combines desirable traits of two plant varieties by cutting the stem of the stock plant and placing a scion cutting from another plant over it, allowing them to fuse together into one plant with qualities of both.
Human urinary system
The human urinary system consists of the kidneys, which filter blood and produce urine, the ureters that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder which stores urine, and the urethra that passes urine outside the body. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter waste from the blood to form urine, while reabsorbing useful substances back into blood. Urine is composed mainly of water along with urea and minerals. Kidney stones can sometimes form from calcium, phosphate, or uric acid in the urinary system.
How human heart works
The heart has two pumps, one on each side, that work together to circulate blood through the body. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from veins and pumps it to the lungs, and the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into arteries throughout the body. Valves between the atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and arteries ensure blood flows in only one direction through this cycle to efficiently deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to tissues.
Types of blood cells
Red blood cells are disc-shaped and contain hemoglobin which transports oxygen throughout the body. Anaemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells or low hemoglobin levels, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen and causing paleness and fatigue. White blood cells help fight infection by destroying microorganisms and foreign substances. Platelets form clots to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds. The document provides information on red blood cells, anaemia, white blood cells, and platelets including their functions and normal counts per 1,000ml of blood.
Exchange of gases
The alveoli in the lungs increase the surface area for the exchange of gases between the air and blood. Oxygen from the air in the alveoli, which has a higher concentration than in the capillaries, diffuses into the blood capillaries. The oxygen is then carried by hemoglobin in the blood to cells throughout the body, while carbon dioxide produced by cells diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
How air enters the lungs
The document discusses the process of inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves down while muscles attached to the ribs pull the ribs outward. This increases the chest cavity size and allows the lungs to expand and inhale oxygen-rich air. During exhalation, the diaphragm and rib muscles relax, decreasing the chest cavity size and causing the lungs to contract and exhale carbon dioxide-rich air out of the body.
Nutrition in amoeba
Amoeba is a single-celled organism that lives in water and feeds on other plants, animals, and organisms using foot-like extensions called pseudopodia to surround food particles and form a food vacuole, where digestive juices inside help break down the trapped food for the cell to absorb and use for growth, repair, and reproduction, excreting undigested waste through other vacuoles, as it follows the basic steps of nutrition like humans but lacks a mouth or anus.
Digestive system of a cow
The digestive system of a cow has four chambers in its stomach. Food enters the first chamber, called the rumen, where bacteria help digest cellulose. The food is then regurgitated and re-chewed before returning to the rumen. It then moves to other chambers where water and minerals are absorbed and digestive juices further break down the food. The partially digested food then enters the small intestine for further digestion with secretions from the liver and pancreas.
Human digestive system
The human digestive system is a long muscular tube known as the alimentary canal that runs from the mouth to the anus. It contains several organs that work together to break down food, extract nutrients, and eliminate waste. Food is digested in stages as it passes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Glands like the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas also secrete substances that aid in digestion.
Health Education
Health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Health education is important as it helps children develop healthy habits and attitudes that can be maintained throughout life. Health education also benefits the community by educating students and parents on health knowledge and practices. Maintaining good health requires proper care of the body through nutrition, cleanliness, exercise, rest, and disease prevention - all of which can be achieved through health education. Factors like social environment, physical environment, individual behaviors and characteristics, income, education, genetics, and access to health services can all impact a person's overall health.
Current problems of Indian Education
This document discusses the current problems facing Indian education at the primary, secondary, and higher levels. At the primary level, key issues include apathy of parents, overpopulation, lack of resources, and wastage/stagnation of students. Secondary education struggles with heavy curriculum, rigid timetables, high costs, and an exam-oriented approach. For higher education, the document notes problems like expensive and inefficient colleges, low student effort, low graduation rates, potential issues with online education, campus violence, teaching quality, financing, and educated unemployment. Suggested remedies include improving teacher training, curriculum, examinations, parental attitudes, and providing preferential treatment and vocational options.
Current problems of Indian Education---philosophy S2 ppt
This document discusses the current problems facing the Indian education system at the primary, secondary, and higher levels. At the primary level, key issues include apathy of parents, overpopulation, lack of resources, and wastage/stagnation of students. Secondary education struggles with heavy curriculum, rigid timetables, high costs, and an exam-oriented approach. For higher education, the document notes problems like expensive and inefficient colleges, low student effort, high dropout rates, teaching quality issues, and financing challenges. Suggested remedies include improving teacher training, making curriculum more flexible and child-centered, reforming exams, and addressing socioeconomic barriers to education.
General Techniques Of Assessment
This document discusses various techniques for assessing student learning, including observation, projects, assignments, and worksheets. Observation allows assessing practical skills but requires time and can be subjective. Projects promote higher-order thinking but are not suitable for all subjects. Assignments develop important skills but take time to grade. Worksheets are efficient but not for collaboration. Overall, different techniques are suited to different purposes and content areas when evaluating student understanding.
computer simulation,blended learning, educational podcasts
The document discusses computer simulation, blended learning, and educational podcasts. It provides definitions and examples of each. Computer simulation uses models and equations to represent real systems on a computer. Blended learning combines online and in-person learning, with various models including face-to-face instruction augmented by online tools. Educational podcasts allow audio and video to be shared for teaching, and have advantages like accessibility and creating an archive of lessons.
computer simulation, blended learning,educational podcasts
The document discusses computer simulation, blended learning, and educational podcasts. It provides definitions and examples of each. Computer simulation uses models and equations to represent real systems on a computer. Blended learning combines online and in-person learning, with various models including face-to-face instruction augmented by online tools. Educational podcasts allow audio and video to be shared for teaching, and have advantages like accessibility and creating an archive of lessons.
role of education to curb social evils
This document discusses the role of education in curbing social evils like corruption. It defines corruption as the misuse of public power for private gain. Some of the key causes of corruption mentioned include the emergence of self-interested political elites, economic policies controlled by government that enable corruption, and changes in moral values. The document argues that education can help curb corruption by teaching children values like honesty, kindness, and respect through character education. It states that moral education should be integrated throughout schooling to develop good moral character and solve ethical issues in society long-term. Teachers play an important role in fighting corruption by exemplifying integrity and commitment to truth themselves.
Structure of chloroplast
Chloroplasts are oval cell organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis. They have a double membrane envelope and contain thylakoids, which are flattened membranous sacs that pile up into structures called grana, as well as a living matrix called the stroma. Thylakoids within the chloroplast perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Optional S1 ppt
This document summarizes the lives and contributions of several important scientists: Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection; Louis Pasteur made breakthroughs in germ theory and pasteurization; Gregor Mendel founded the science of genetics through his work on inheritance; Har Gobind Khorana was the first to synthesize nucleotides and showed how they control protein synthesis; M.S. Swaminathan helped avert famine in India through his high-yield wheat varieties that sparked the Green Revolution. These scientists made seminal discoveries and advances in biology, genetics, and agriculture through careful experimentation and observation.
Structure of chloroplast
Chloroplasts are oval cell organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment. They are the site of photosynthesis and have a double membrane envelope. Inside the membranes is the stroma, which contains DNA, ribosomes, and other organic substances. Within the stroma are flattened sac-like structures called thylakoids that are piled into grana, connected by stroma lamellae. Chloroplasts play an important role in photosynthesis by using light energy to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
More from Ancy Nasir (20)
Current problems of Indian Education---philosophy S2 ppt
Current problems of Indian Education---philosophy S2 ppt
computer simulation,blended learning, educational podcasts
computer simulation,blended learning, educational podcasts
computer simulation, blended learning,educational podcasts
computer simulation, blended learning,educational podcasts
Recently uploaded
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Recently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Fertilisation in the flowering plants
- 1. PRESENTED BY, ANCY.A.R Natural Science Christ Nagar College Of Education
- 2. Fertilisation • When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, a small tube grows out of it. • This tube, called the pollen tube, carries two male gametes and enters the ovule. • One of the male gametes fuses with the female gamete (the egg cell) and form a single cell called a zygote. • This process is called fertilisation.
- 4. Pollen Grain
- 5. Pollen Tube
- 8. Tube nucleus disintegrates Mitotic division of generative nucleus to form 2 male gametes
- 10. 1 Male gamete fuses with the 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm nucleus 1 male gamete fuses with the egg nucleus to form the diploid zygote
- 12. •In many flowers, the ovary swells after fertilisation to become the fruit. •In some plants like the pea, the ovary hardens to form the pod. FLOWER TO FRUIT
- 13. Ovule to Seed •The walls of the ovules become hard and the ovules become seeds. •The zygote divides repeatedly and forms the embryp inside the seed. •The petals,sepals and other parts of the flower usually dry up and fall off.