This document discusses various techniques for assessing student learning, including observation, projects, assignments, and worksheets. Observation allows assessing practical skills but requires time and can be subjective. Projects promote higher-order thinking but are not suitable for all subjects. Assignments develop important skills but take time to grade. Worksheets are efficient but not for collaboration. Overall, different techniques are suited to different purposes and content areas when evaluating student understanding.

1. GENERAL TECHNIQUES OF
ASSESSMENT
PRESENTED BY,
ANCY A.R
Natural Science
Christ Nagar College of Education

2. • Techniques of assessment monitor student
learning during the learning process.
• It helps to identify the areas where students
are struggling, so that the instructors can
adjust their teaching methods.

3. • Teachers and parents use these techniques to
understand a student’s academic strengths
and weakness.
• There are informal techniques such as surveys,
wrappers, etc and formal techniques such as
quizzes, modules, etc

4. OBSERVATION
• In this technique, the assessors observe the
students performing the assessment and see if
they have the ability to perform it properly.
• Practical skills particularly clinical related areas
often use direct observation technique to
assess students.
• Group work such as problem based learning
use this technique to judge a students input.

5. • Observation assessment is only effective when
it follows a systematic plan to help both the
assessor and the student .
• Sometimes, there is no effective alternative to
direct observation.
.

6. ADVANTAGES
• Observation may sometimes be the only
assessment method possible.
• There can be no plagiarism.
• It is a great way to assess practical skills

7. DISADVANTAGES
• Observation does not assess the higher-order
levels of learning outcomes.
• Often not adequate for a full assessment.
• Requires a lot of time.
• An expensive way of assessing.
• The presence of the observer can change
student’s performance as being watched.
• It is difficult to get immediate feedback due to
time constraints.
• It can sometimes be subjective.

8. PROJECTS
• Projects are of extensive value to the students overall
learning process with the addition of project -based
learning to the curriculum.
• Projects help to make concepts relatable for students.
• Project-based assessments are an opportunity to utilize and
measure the higher order thinking skills of students.
• This can be a singular project at the end of a grading period
or it can be done at designated intervals throughout the
marking period.
• The main intention of a project is to understand what has
been learned and what can be applied by the student.

9. • Project method is based on the following
principles:
Principle of utility
Principle of readiness
Principle of doing
 Socialization
Inter-disciplinary approach

10. ADVANTAGES
• Helps in developing social norms and social values among the
learners.
• Provides invaluable opportunities for correlation of subject
matter and transfer of learning.
• Helps in growing knowledge very effectively.
DISADVANTAGES
• Project method cannot be planned for all subjects.
• Whole subject matter cannot be taught by this strategy.
• It is not economical from the point of view of time and cost.
• It is very difficult for a teacher to plan or execute the projects
to the learners.

11. ASSIGNMENTS
• Assignments are tasks requiring student
engagement and it’s a final product that enables
you to assess what the students know and don’t
know.
• The number and type of assignments depends
upon your course design and learning outcomes .
• Assignments helps to develop student’s higher-
order thinking skills, writing skills, presentation
skills , collaborative and interpersonal skills.

12. TYPES OF ASSIGNMENTS
• ESSAYS
• WRITING / RESEARCH PAPERS
• ORAL PRESENTATIONS
• CASE STUDIES
• LABS
• GROUP ASSIGNMENTS

13. MERITS
• Easier and less time-consuming.
• Promotes higher-order thinking.
• Transfer and generalization more likely than for
exams.
DEMERITS
• May require additional resources.
• May require class time.
• Typically more time consuming to grade than exams.
• May be less effective for introductory level content.

14. WORKSHEETS
• Worksheets have a widespread use in classrooms at
all levels of assessment.
• It may also refer to a single array of data in
spreadsheet software or an informal piece of paper
that an accountant uses to record information.
• They offer teachers and students several kinds of
unique benefits.
• Teachers use them primarily to keep budgets and
gradebooks and to help teach mathematical topics.
• Worksheet refers to a sheet of paper with questions
for students to record answers.

17. MERITS
• Saves time.
• Organize displays of information.
• Support asking “what if” questions.
• Increase motivation to work with mathematics.
DEMERITS
• Susceptible to trivial human errors.
• Difficult to test.
• Not designed for collaborative work.
• Hard to consolidate.
• Incapable of supporting quick decision making.