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Exponential Functions and
Their Graphs
Digital Lesson
The exponential function f with base a is
defined by
f(x) = ax
where a > 0, a ≠ 1, and x is any real number.
For instance,
f(x) = 3x
and g(x) = 0.5x
are exponential functions.
The value of f(x) = 3x
when x = 2 is
f(2) = 32
=
The value of g(x) = 0.5x
when x = 4 is
g(4) = 0.54
=
The value of f(x) = 3x
when x = –2 is
9
1
9
f(–2) = 3–2
=
0.0625
The Graph of f(x) = ax
, a > 1
y
x
(0, 1)
Domain: (–∞, ∞)
Range: (0, ∞)
Horizontal Asymptote
y = 0
The Graph of f(x) = ax
, 0 < a <1
y
x
(0, 1)
Domain: (–∞, ∞)
Range: (0, ∞)
Horizontal Asymptote
y = 0
Example: Sketch the graph of f(x) = 2x
.
x
x f(x) (x, f(x))
-2 ¼ (-2, ¼)
-1 ½ (-1, ½)
0 1 (0, 1)
1 2 (1, 2)
2 4 (2, 4)
y
2–2
2
4
Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2x
– 1. State the
domain and range.
x
y
The graph of this
function is a vertical
translation of the
graph of f(x) = 2x
down one unit .
f(x) = 2x
y = –1
Domain: (–∞, ∞)
Range: (–1, ∞)
2
4
Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2-x
. State the
domain and range.
x
y
The graph of this
function is a
reflection the graph
of f(x) = 2x
in the y-
axis.
f(x) = 2x
Domain: (–∞, ∞)
Range: (0, ∞) 2–2
4
The irrational number e, where
e ≈ 2.718281828…
is used in applications involving growth and
decay.
Using techniques of calculus, it can be shown
that
∞→→





+ ne
n
n
as
1
1
The Graph of f(x) = ex
y
x
2–2
2
4
6
x f(x)
-2 0.14
-1 0.38
0 1
1 2.72
2 7.39

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Exponential functions

  • 1. Exponential Functions and Their Graphs Digital Lesson
  • 2. The exponential function f with base a is defined by f(x) = ax where a > 0, a ≠ 1, and x is any real number. For instance, f(x) = 3x and g(x) = 0.5x are exponential functions.
  • 3. The value of f(x) = 3x when x = 2 is f(2) = 32 = The value of g(x) = 0.5x when x = 4 is g(4) = 0.54 = The value of f(x) = 3x when x = –2 is 9 1 9 f(–2) = 3–2 = 0.0625
  • 4. The Graph of f(x) = ax , a > 1 y x (0, 1) Domain: (–∞, ∞) Range: (0, ∞) Horizontal Asymptote y = 0
  • 5. The Graph of f(x) = ax , 0 < a <1 y x (0, 1) Domain: (–∞, ∞) Range: (0, ∞) Horizontal Asymptote y = 0
  • 6. Example: Sketch the graph of f(x) = 2x . x x f(x) (x, f(x)) -2 ¼ (-2, ¼) -1 ½ (-1, ½) 0 1 (0, 1) 1 2 (1, 2) 2 4 (2, 4) y 2–2 2 4
  • 7. Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2x – 1. State the domain and range. x y The graph of this function is a vertical translation of the graph of f(x) = 2x down one unit . f(x) = 2x y = –1 Domain: (–∞, ∞) Range: (–1, ∞) 2 4
  • 8. Example: Sketch the graph of g(x) = 2-x . State the domain and range. x y The graph of this function is a reflection the graph of f(x) = 2x in the y- axis. f(x) = 2x Domain: (–∞, ∞) Range: (0, ∞) 2–2 4
  • 9. The irrational number e, where e ≈ 2.718281828… is used in applications involving growth and decay. Using techniques of calculus, it can be shown that ∞→→      + ne n n as 1 1
  • 10. The Graph of f(x) = ex y x 2–2 2 4 6 x f(x) -2 0.14 -1 0.38 0 1 1 2.72 2 7.39