Public administration aims to understand how government can effectively achieve its proper functions. It studies the activities in public agencies and how they work to implement policies affecting society. The discipline has existed for centuries but was formalized in the late 19th century. Early thinkers aimed to make administration more competent by separating it from politics, applying business principles. Later, the field recognized the political nature of administration and sought to balance efficiency with other goals like accountability. It now sees its role as understanding and strengthening government institutions to better govern.
The document discusses the evolution of paradigms and models in public administration from its early development to present. It traces the progression from the politics-administration dichotomy model to more modern concepts like New Public Management, Reinventing Government, and governance. Key models discussed include scientific management, systems theory, and the policy issue model, each building upon previous approaches and introducing new lenses for analyzing public administration.
BEYOND DICHOTOMY: Dwight Waldo and the Intertwined Politics-Administration R...Abubakar S. Mama
Dwight Waldo challenged the rigid separation between politics and administration proposed by early theorists like Woodrow Wilson. While Waldo did not entirely reject the dichotomy concept, he argued for a more balanced relationship with interaction and limits between the two spheres. Waldo's work helped shape understanding of public administration as an intertwined relationship rather than a strict division, though it also fueled debate around administrator involvement in policymaking. The author concludes there cannot be a complete separation and that future models of the politics-administration relationship must allow for active exchange within reasonable boundaries.
The document discusses several key concepts and theories in public administration, including:
- Bureaucracy theory, which analyzes public administration by distinguishing between political and administrative acts.
- Traditional management theory, which was initially informed by scientific management theory and focuses on directing ongoing organizational activities.
- Control of bureaucracy theory, which examines issues of compliance and responsiveness in public administration.
- Theories of client responsiveness, which assume public agencies are established to serve clients and that bureaucrats prioritize responding to client needs over political directives.
- Agency theory, which posits a dynamic interaction between political principals and bureaucratic agents, with agencies having informational and expertise advantages.
The document discusses the nature of public policy and the policy process in the Philippines. It defines public policy as the government's attempt to address public issues through laws, regulations, and actions. The public policy process in the Philippines involves several stages: agenda setting, formulation, adoption, formalization, implementation, and evaluation. Key institutions involved include Congress, the executive branch, and local governments. The Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 aims for inclusive growth through three pillars: regaining public trust, increasing opportunities, and sustainable economic growth. Recommendations include making the policy process more innovative and inclusive.
The document summarizes several traditional and new subfields of public administration. The traditional subfields discussed are political theory, international relations, comparative politics, organization and management, public personnel administration, public fiscal administration, and local government administration. Newer subfields that have emerged include policy analysis and program administration, public enterprise management, voluntary sector management, and spatial information management. Each subfield is briefly described in terms of its key areas of focus and topics studied.
Public administration aims to understand how government can effectively achieve its proper functions. It studies the activities in public agencies and how they work to implement policies affecting society. The discipline has existed for centuries but was formalized in the late 19th century. Early thinkers aimed to make administration more competent by separating it from politics, applying business principles. Later, the field recognized the political nature of administration and sought to balance efficiency with other goals like accountability. It now sees its role as understanding and strengthening government institutions to better govern.
The document discusses the evolution of paradigms and models in public administration from its early development to present. It traces the progression from the politics-administration dichotomy model to more modern concepts like New Public Management, Reinventing Government, and governance. Key models discussed include scientific management, systems theory, and the policy issue model, each building upon previous approaches and introducing new lenses for analyzing public administration.
BEYOND DICHOTOMY: Dwight Waldo and the Intertwined Politics-Administration R...Abubakar S. Mama
Dwight Waldo challenged the rigid separation between politics and administration proposed by early theorists like Woodrow Wilson. While Waldo did not entirely reject the dichotomy concept, he argued for a more balanced relationship with interaction and limits between the two spheres. Waldo's work helped shape understanding of public administration as an intertwined relationship rather than a strict division, though it also fueled debate around administrator involvement in policymaking. The author concludes there cannot be a complete separation and that future models of the politics-administration relationship must allow for active exchange within reasonable boundaries.
The document discusses several key concepts and theories in public administration, including:
- Bureaucracy theory, which analyzes public administration by distinguishing between political and administrative acts.
- Traditional management theory, which was initially informed by scientific management theory and focuses on directing ongoing organizational activities.
- Control of bureaucracy theory, which examines issues of compliance and responsiveness in public administration.
- Theories of client responsiveness, which assume public agencies are established to serve clients and that bureaucrats prioritize responding to client needs over political directives.
- Agency theory, which posits a dynamic interaction between political principals and bureaucratic agents, with agencies having informational and expertise advantages.
The document discusses the nature of public policy and the policy process in the Philippines. It defines public policy as the government's attempt to address public issues through laws, regulations, and actions. The public policy process in the Philippines involves several stages: agenda setting, formulation, adoption, formalization, implementation, and evaluation. Key institutions involved include Congress, the executive branch, and local governments. The Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 aims for inclusive growth through three pillars: regaining public trust, increasing opportunities, and sustainable economic growth. Recommendations include making the policy process more innovative and inclusive.
The document summarizes several traditional and new subfields of public administration. The traditional subfields discussed are political theory, international relations, comparative politics, organization and management, public personnel administration, public fiscal administration, and local government administration. Newer subfields that have emerged include policy analysis and program administration, public enterprise management, voluntary sector management, and spatial information management. Each subfield is briefly described in terms of its key areas of focus and topics studied.
Understanding Bureaucracy in Public AdministrationHAFIZUDIN YAHAYA
Basic noted for you to understand the concept and practice of bureaucracy in government administration. what is the factors that lead to failure of bureaucracy and how to enhance the better management in public policy.
This document provides information about an assignment for a Development Administration course. It includes details about the assignment such as specifications of a 20 page paper on the origins of the developmental state concept. It also lists learning outcomes which are to understand the meaning and theories of the developmental state and describe its features and relevance. The document then discusses concepts related to development administration such as meanings, facets, elements, and the importance of planning, goal-orientation, and management capacities.
This chapter discusses the definitions and scope of public administration. It defines public administration as a cooperative group effort carried out by government agencies to achieve public goals and deliver services. The chapter outlines differences between public and private administration, noting that public administration operates within a political system and aims to benefit communities rather than generate profit. It also discusses public administration as an academic discipline, profession, and art.
The document discusses the evolution of public administration from ancient to modern times. It covers the following key points:
- Public administration has existed in all societies to advance general welfare through activities like taxation, financial management, and administering justice. The idea of serving the public interest can be seen as far back as the Code of Hammurabi.
- Notable developments included China establishing the first centralized bureaucracy in the 2nd century BC and merit-based civil service exams. In the late 19th century, Woodrow Wilson distinguished between politics and an apolitical administration.
- The field of public administration evolved from an art to being studied scientifically. Scholars like Max Weber analyzed bureaucratic models while challenges in
The document discusses the history and concept of local governance in the Philippines. It outlines the different systems of local government that have existed from the pre-Spanish period to the present. Key points include: local governments evolving from small barangays pre-Spanish contact, to municipalities under Spanish rule; the Malolos Constitution recognizing local autonomy; and the current system established by the 1991 Local Government Code, which decentralized power to provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays. The document provides context on the shifts between unitary and federal systems over Philippine history and how this impacted local governance.
New Public Management and Reinventing Government emerged in the 1980s and 1990s as responses to economic problems and a desire for more efficient and cost-effective government. Key aspects included being more customer-oriented, decentralizing authority, and applying private sector business models to government. The new public management movement advocated for competition, quantifying performance, and giving managers more autonomy. Reinventing Government proposed operating governments like businesses to improve outcomes. Reengineering sought radical improvements to processes through exploiting technology. These reforms aimed to improve productivity and services while reducing costs.
The document summarizes the evolution of paradigms in public administration from 1900 to the present. It discusses 6 paradigms: 1) Politics/Administration Dichotomy from 1900-1926 which saw PA emerge as a discipline; 2) Principles of Administration from 1926-1937 focused on scientific management; 3) PA as a Political Science from 1950-1970 as it was situated within political science departments; 4) PA as Management from 1956-1970 emphasized organizational theory and management; 5) PA as Public Administration from 1970 onward reestablished PA as an independent field; and 6) From Government to Governance from 1990 which broadened the concept to additional actors. The future of digital governance is also discussed.
The document discusses the history and evolution of local government in the Philippines. It traces the roots of local government back to the Spanish colonial period and discusses the long tradition of centralized rule, from Spanish/American colonization up until the Marcos dictatorship in 1972. Key events that decentralized power included the 1991 Local Government Code passed under the Aquino administration, devolving services and increasing financial resources to LGUs. The Code aimed to promote local autonomy and address issues like poverty, inequality, and security through community participation and empowering LGUs to provide for basic needs and local development. Examples are given of notable achievements and initiatives that have resulted from the decentralization process.
The document discusses the evolution of the concept of governance from the 1990s to present. It began as a development reform advocated by international institutions in response to failed development interventions. "Good governance" emerged as a guiding principle, focusing on proper administrative processes and effective policy instruments. Key principles of good governance were identified as accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency. The document also discusses definitions and characteristics of good governance put forward by various international organizations, as well as indicators and assessment tools used to measure good governance.
Public administration involves the implementation of government policies and operations, including planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling government work. It has evolved over time from focusing on separating politics and administration, to emphasizing principles of administration and efficiency, to considering human factors and incorporating other social sciences. Public administration is significant as the key instrument of government to maintain order and protect citizens. It also enables development, supports modern welfare states by providing public services, and is an important subject of academic study.
The document summarizes the six paradigms of public administration:
1) Politics/Administration Dichotomy (1900-1926) which distinguished between politics and administration
2) Principles of Administration (1927-1937) which focused on universal principles
3) Challenge to Paradigm (1938-1950) which questioned the dichotomy and principles
4) Public Administration as Political Science (1950-1970) which saw it as a subfield of political science
5) Public Administration as Management (1956-1970) with a focus on techniques
6) Emergence of Governance (1990-present) which emphasizes joint governance roles. It also discusses new paradigms like reinventing government and e-g
The document summarizes the evolution of the field of public administration from traditional to modern phases. It discusses key thinkers and developments that shaped the field, including Woodrow Wilson's politics-administration dichotomy, Frank Goodnow's examination of the dichotomy, and Leonard White's influential early textbook. It also outlines Max Weber's analysis of bureaucratic organizations and principles of bureaucracy. The summary traces the historical roots and changing paradigms that have influenced public administration theory and practice over time.
Governance refers to the rules and processes by which political actors interact to manage their affairs and provide public goods. There are three main conceptions of governance: as a synonym for public administration, related to new public management reforms, and a broader concept encompassing relations between political institutions. Good governance aims to safeguard democracy, human rights, and the economy through principles of participation, transparency, accountability, rule of law, responsiveness, and equity. It seeks to improve public administration, quality of life, institutional legitimacy, freedom of information, productivity, and organizational pluralism in governance.
Woodrow Wilson is considered the father of public administration for formally recognizing it as a discipline in 1887. He argued for separating politics from administration, establishing the dichotomy between the two. During 1927-1937, public administration developed as an independent discipline influenced by POSDCORB and a focus on principles of administration. Starting in 1938, these views faced criticism and challenges as administration was recognized as inherently political. From 1948-1970, public administration experienced a crisis of identity as its foundations were questioned. After 1971, new perspectives emerged focused on public policy and incorporating knowledge from other social sciences.
New Public Management (NPM) emerged in the 1980s as an administrative reform approach that sought to improve public sector management by importing private sector business concepts and values. Key elements of NPM include an emphasis on hands-on management, explicit performance standards and measures, output controls rather than input controls, increased competition and contracting, and cost-cutting efficiency. For NPM approaches to be successful, a country requires a reasonable level of economic development, an established rule of law and judicial system, a functioning Weberian bureaucratic system, and strong state institutional, technical, and administrative capacity.
The document discusses different views of public administration as both a field of practice and study. As a field of practice, public administration involves carrying out governmental functions like enacting laws and policies. As a field of study, it uses empirical research and social science methods to advance knowledge. Public administration is considered an applied discipline that prepares individuals for careers in public service. It is viewed as both an art that involves creativity and leadership, and a science with theories to explain phenomena in the field. Several definitions of public administration are provided that emphasize its role in implementing policies and delivering services to the public.
This document provides an overview of public policy definitions, approaches, and processes. It begins by defining public policy as systems of laws, regulations, and actions by governmental entities to address public issues. The traditional views of public policy are discussed, including definitions that focus on the dichotomy between politics and administration.
The document then examines several models of public policy analysis, including the institutional, process, group, elite, rational, incremental, game theory, public choice, and systems models. It discusses the importance of models in creating order, simplifying complexity, and identifying key elements in the policy process like institutions, stakeholders, formulation, and evaluation.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in the BUS 4010 Introduction to Public Administration course. The course covers the history and functions of public administration, the rulemaking process, bureaucratic red tape, the influence of politics, and the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy. It also examines Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy and the characteristics of bureaucratic organizations, such as hierarchical authority, task specialization, extensive rules, and impersonality. Common criticisms of bureaucracy like red tape are also discussed.
This document provides information about a public administration course taught by Prof. Ginandjar Kartasasmita at the Graduate School of Asia and Pacific Studies at Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan. The course covers key concepts and intellectual frameworks in public administration, with a focus on the relationships between governance, administration, and development. It will include lectures, class discussions, assignments, and a final paper. The grade is based 30% on class participation, 30% on assignments, and 40% on the final paper. Required readings are listed and materials can be accessed on the professor's website.
Understanding Bureaucracy in Public AdministrationHAFIZUDIN YAHAYA
Basic noted for you to understand the concept and practice of bureaucracy in government administration. what is the factors that lead to failure of bureaucracy and how to enhance the better management in public policy.
This document provides information about an assignment for a Development Administration course. It includes details about the assignment such as specifications of a 20 page paper on the origins of the developmental state concept. It also lists learning outcomes which are to understand the meaning and theories of the developmental state and describe its features and relevance. The document then discusses concepts related to development administration such as meanings, facets, elements, and the importance of planning, goal-orientation, and management capacities.
This chapter discusses the definitions and scope of public administration. It defines public administration as a cooperative group effort carried out by government agencies to achieve public goals and deliver services. The chapter outlines differences between public and private administration, noting that public administration operates within a political system and aims to benefit communities rather than generate profit. It also discusses public administration as an academic discipline, profession, and art.
The document discusses the evolution of public administration from ancient to modern times. It covers the following key points:
- Public administration has existed in all societies to advance general welfare through activities like taxation, financial management, and administering justice. The idea of serving the public interest can be seen as far back as the Code of Hammurabi.
- Notable developments included China establishing the first centralized bureaucracy in the 2nd century BC and merit-based civil service exams. In the late 19th century, Woodrow Wilson distinguished between politics and an apolitical administration.
- The field of public administration evolved from an art to being studied scientifically. Scholars like Max Weber analyzed bureaucratic models while challenges in
The document discusses the history and concept of local governance in the Philippines. It outlines the different systems of local government that have existed from the pre-Spanish period to the present. Key points include: local governments evolving from small barangays pre-Spanish contact, to municipalities under Spanish rule; the Malolos Constitution recognizing local autonomy; and the current system established by the 1991 Local Government Code, which decentralized power to provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays. The document provides context on the shifts between unitary and federal systems over Philippine history and how this impacted local governance.
New Public Management and Reinventing Government emerged in the 1980s and 1990s as responses to economic problems and a desire for more efficient and cost-effective government. Key aspects included being more customer-oriented, decentralizing authority, and applying private sector business models to government. The new public management movement advocated for competition, quantifying performance, and giving managers more autonomy. Reinventing Government proposed operating governments like businesses to improve outcomes. Reengineering sought radical improvements to processes through exploiting technology. These reforms aimed to improve productivity and services while reducing costs.
The document summarizes the evolution of paradigms in public administration from 1900 to the present. It discusses 6 paradigms: 1) Politics/Administration Dichotomy from 1900-1926 which saw PA emerge as a discipline; 2) Principles of Administration from 1926-1937 focused on scientific management; 3) PA as a Political Science from 1950-1970 as it was situated within political science departments; 4) PA as Management from 1956-1970 emphasized organizational theory and management; 5) PA as Public Administration from 1970 onward reestablished PA as an independent field; and 6) From Government to Governance from 1990 which broadened the concept to additional actors. The future of digital governance is also discussed.
The document discusses the history and evolution of local government in the Philippines. It traces the roots of local government back to the Spanish colonial period and discusses the long tradition of centralized rule, from Spanish/American colonization up until the Marcos dictatorship in 1972. Key events that decentralized power included the 1991 Local Government Code passed under the Aquino administration, devolving services and increasing financial resources to LGUs. The Code aimed to promote local autonomy and address issues like poverty, inequality, and security through community participation and empowering LGUs to provide for basic needs and local development. Examples are given of notable achievements and initiatives that have resulted from the decentralization process.
The document discusses the evolution of the concept of governance from the 1990s to present. It began as a development reform advocated by international institutions in response to failed development interventions. "Good governance" emerged as a guiding principle, focusing on proper administrative processes and effective policy instruments. Key principles of good governance were identified as accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency. The document also discusses definitions and characteristics of good governance put forward by various international organizations, as well as indicators and assessment tools used to measure good governance.
Public administration involves the implementation of government policies and operations, including planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling government work. It has evolved over time from focusing on separating politics and administration, to emphasizing principles of administration and efficiency, to considering human factors and incorporating other social sciences. Public administration is significant as the key instrument of government to maintain order and protect citizens. It also enables development, supports modern welfare states by providing public services, and is an important subject of academic study.
The document summarizes the six paradigms of public administration:
1) Politics/Administration Dichotomy (1900-1926) which distinguished between politics and administration
2) Principles of Administration (1927-1937) which focused on universal principles
3) Challenge to Paradigm (1938-1950) which questioned the dichotomy and principles
4) Public Administration as Political Science (1950-1970) which saw it as a subfield of political science
5) Public Administration as Management (1956-1970) with a focus on techniques
6) Emergence of Governance (1990-present) which emphasizes joint governance roles. It also discusses new paradigms like reinventing government and e-g
The document summarizes the evolution of the field of public administration from traditional to modern phases. It discusses key thinkers and developments that shaped the field, including Woodrow Wilson's politics-administration dichotomy, Frank Goodnow's examination of the dichotomy, and Leonard White's influential early textbook. It also outlines Max Weber's analysis of bureaucratic organizations and principles of bureaucracy. The summary traces the historical roots and changing paradigms that have influenced public administration theory and practice over time.
Governance refers to the rules and processes by which political actors interact to manage their affairs and provide public goods. There are three main conceptions of governance: as a synonym for public administration, related to new public management reforms, and a broader concept encompassing relations between political institutions. Good governance aims to safeguard democracy, human rights, and the economy through principles of participation, transparency, accountability, rule of law, responsiveness, and equity. It seeks to improve public administration, quality of life, institutional legitimacy, freedom of information, productivity, and organizational pluralism in governance.
Woodrow Wilson is considered the father of public administration for formally recognizing it as a discipline in 1887. He argued for separating politics from administration, establishing the dichotomy between the two. During 1927-1937, public administration developed as an independent discipline influenced by POSDCORB and a focus on principles of administration. Starting in 1938, these views faced criticism and challenges as administration was recognized as inherently political. From 1948-1970, public administration experienced a crisis of identity as its foundations were questioned. After 1971, new perspectives emerged focused on public policy and incorporating knowledge from other social sciences.
New Public Management (NPM) emerged in the 1980s as an administrative reform approach that sought to improve public sector management by importing private sector business concepts and values. Key elements of NPM include an emphasis on hands-on management, explicit performance standards and measures, output controls rather than input controls, increased competition and contracting, and cost-cutting efficiency. For NPM approaches to be successful, a country requires a reasonable level of economic development, an established rule of law and judicial system, a functioning Weberian bureaucratic system, and strong state institutional, technical, and administrative capacity.
The document discusses different views of public administration as both a field of practice and study. As a field of practice, public administration involves carrying out governmental functions like enacting laws and policies. As a field of study, it uses empirical research and social science methods to advance knowledge. Public administration is considered an applied discipline that prepares individuals for careers in public service. It is viewed as both an art that involves creativity and leadership, and a science with theories to explain phenomena in the field. Several definitions of public administration are provided that emphasize its role in implementing policies and delivering services to the public.
This document provides an overview of public policy definitions, approaches, and processes. It begins by defining public policy as systems of laws, regulations, and actions by governmental entities to address public issues. The traditional views of public policy are discussed, including definitions that focus on the dichotomy between politics and administration.
The document then examines several models of public policy analysis, including the institutional, process, group, elite, rational, incremental, game theory, public choice, and systems models. It discusses the importance of models in creating order, simplifying complexity, and identifying key elements in the policy process like institutions, stakeholders, formulation, and evaluation.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in the BUS 4010 Introduction to Public Administration course. The course covers the history and functions of public administration, the rulemaking process, bureaucratic red tape, the influence of politics, and the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy. It also examines Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy and the characteristics of bureaucratic organizations, such as hierarchical authority, task specialization, extensive rules, and impersonality. Common criticisms of bureaucracy like red tape are also discussed.
This document provides information about a public administration course taught by Prof. Ginandjar Kartasasmita at the Graduate School of Asia and Pacific Studies at Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan. The course covers key concepts and intellectual frameworks in public administration, with a focus on the relationships between governance, administration, and development. It will include lectures, class discussions, assignments, and a final paper. The grade is based 30% on class participation, 30% on assignments, and 40% on the final paper. Required readings are listed and materials can be accessed on the professor's website.
The document discusses employee orientation programs. It defines orientation as assistance given to new employees to help them adjust to the new work environment. Orientation usually takes informal or formal forms, with smaller organizations using informal orientation where supervisors directly introduce new employees. Larger organizations have more formal orientation programs designed to acquaint new employees with the entire organization. The objectives of orientation are to reduce employee anxiety, gain commitment, convey expectations, and help employees understand the organization. Benefits include welcoming employees, providing essential information, assessing training needs, creating positive impressions, and reducing turnover. Effective orientation programs are systematically planned over multiple stages involving HR, supervisors, and follow-up evaluations.
The document discusses the history and role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the Philippines. It notes that the 1987 Constitution recognizes CSO participation and empowerment. During martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, many CSOs built relationships with communities or went underground. The People Power Revolution restored democracy and favorable laws were passed for CSOs. The number of CSOs grew rapidly during the administration of Corazon Aquino. The document outlines the types of activities CSOs engage in and how some register with different government agencies. It also discusses principles of accountability and standards for NGOs, as well as government efforts to promote CSO participation in areas
Lorenz von Stein is considered the founder of public administration science. He argued it relies on other disciplines and practitioners should concern themselves with both theory and practice. In the US, Woodrow Wilson is seen as the father for recognizing it in 1887, advocating for separating politics and administration. Key thinkers in the early 20th century included Gulick, Urwick, Fayol and Taylor. Definitions of public administration evolved over time as the field developed, addressing the executive branch activities, policymaking roles, and relationship to the public. New models like New Public Management and New Public Service also emerged in recent decades.
The document summarizes the history and development of the cooperative movement. It discusses key theorists like Robert Owen and the Rochdale Pioneers who established the first consumer cooperative in 1844 and developed the Rochdale Principles. It also outlines the growth and types of cooperatives worldwide, including consumer cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, banking/credit unions, and more. Major cooperative organizations are mentioned for countries like the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and the US.
The document discusses the emergence of New Public Administration (NPA) in the late 1960s from the Minnowbrook Conference in 1968. The NPA rejected classical theories of public administration and advocated for social equity in addition to efficiency and effectiveness. It also questioned the relevance of traditional public administration and argued for more focus on social purposes and values rather than just economic factors. The NPA called for more client-oriented, participatory, and decentralized approaches with less bureaucracy. While social equity has gained more acceptance since NPA, it still struggles to be viewed equally alongside other core values of public administration like economy, efficiency, and effectiveness.
This document outlines the key topics to be covered in a Foundations of Public Administration course for BPA students. The course will use lectures, student presentations, open discussions, quizzes and a final exam to address four main questions over four meetings: what is public administration, who are public administrators, why public administration matters, and what are the issues and challenges. Key topics to be covered include the nature, scope and theories of public administration, administrative processes and techniques, human resources management, fiscal administration, regulatory functions, and issues related to accountability, ethics and economic development. Assessment will be based on attendance, quizzes, reports, projects and the final exam.
This document discusses public fiscal administration in the Philippines. It defines public fiscal administration as the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of taxation, revenue administration, resource allocation, budgeting, public expenditure, borrowing, debt management, accounting, and auditing policies. It describes how fiscal policies are closely linked to other government policies and are influenced by political processes. It also outlines the key government agencies involved in fiscal policy administration and their roles, including the Department of Finance, Department of Budget and Management, National Economic Development Authority, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and Development Budget Coordination Council.
The document discusses the meaning and evolution of "public" in public administration and argues that voluntary sector management falls within the scope of public administration. It defines three meanings of "public" - as government organizations, as providers of public goods and services, and as governance for the public interest. All organizations exist on a continuum of publicness and privateness. Voluntary sector organizations, while not governmental, still aim to serve the public interest and provide public goods, placing their management within the domain of public administration.
Woodrow Wilson established the field of public administration with the goal of determining what government can and should do most efficiently. Since then, the goals and methods of public administration have changed, transforming from a bureaucratic system to one focused on transparency, efficiency, and social equity. This has refined the image of the public servant from the era of traditional public administration to the new public administration. To analyze this transition, the key differences between traditional and new public administration must be clarified.
Evolution Of Public Administration ApproachesTiffany Surratt
The document discusses the evolution of public administration approaches from ancient times to modern times. It describes how Plato first developed the concept of democracy in 400 BC. It then discusses how Taylorism in the early 1900s promoted scientific management principles like specialization and standardization. Weber further explored these principles and advocated for a clear chain of command. The old public administration model emphasized hierarchy, centralized control, separating policy and implementation, and specialized roles. It targeted efficiency and effectiveness through defined roles and merit-based hiring. Recent developments in public administration include e-government, technological changes, and more collaborative efforts between public and private sectors.
This document discusses the meaning and scope of public administration and how it has evolved over time. It begins by noting there is no consensus on a definition and different writers have defined it in different ways, either broadly to include policymaking or narrowly as just the executive branch. It discusses how early thinkers like Woodrow Wilson viewed public administration and principles that were established. Over time, factors like industrialization, technology development, and scientific management movement influenced the growth of public administration as an academic discipline in the late 19th/early 20th century. The core components of administration are also outlined.
Introduction(Frontier of public Administration)Suzana Vaidya
1. Public administration involves implementing public policy and enforcing laws on behalf of the government. It has evolved over time from sporadic administrative functions under monarchs to a more organized bureaucracy in the 19th century.
2. The history of public administration dates back to ancient Greece, where Plato recognized the separation of management and democracy. Key figures like Machiavelli, Adam Smith, and Thomas Jefferson contributed ideas about organization, specialization, and political patronage that influenced the development of public administration.
3. Major milestones in the history of public administration include the establishment of the U.S. Civil Service Commission in 1883 to regulate political patronage, the passage of civil rights laws in the 1960s-1970
- Public administration is an interdisciplinary field that draws from various social sciences like political science, economics, and law. It aims to promote effective and efficient governance that is responsive to citizens' needs.
- The field has its roots in the late 19th century with Woodrow Wilson advocating for separating politics and administration, and for developing public administration as a self-conscious profession.
- It developed further in the 20th century with scholars and practitioners collaborating and experimenting to advance theories and practices of public administration.
Reagan's image as a likable president helped him politically. He was nicknamed the "Teflon president" as bad press did not stick to him. On domestic policy, Reagan cut taxes and regulations for businesses but faced pushback trying to cut welfare programs. His economic policies increased budget deficits. His focus was more on foreign policy where he took a hardline anti-communist stance against the Soviet Union.
This document discusses classical public administrative theory and how perspectives on bureaucracy have evolved over time. It summarizes Weber's view of bureaucracy as an impersonal hierarchical system and compares it to more modern approaches that emphasize serving citizens, empathy, and allowing flexibility. The document also analyzes how reforms from 1945 to 2002 reflected different viewpoints and discusses the importance of social equity in public administration.
The document discusses representativeness as one of the six pillars of public administration. It argues that representativeness goes beyond just reflecting the demographics of the community and that a truly representative administration reflects the views and interests of the community it serves. It mentions that while reflecting community demographics is important, that alone does not guarantee an administration will serve the public's best interests.
It is probably fair to say that public administration scholarship has been more successful in demonstrating the need for theories of bureaucratic politics than in actually producing those frameworks. It has been more than half a century since scholars such as Waldo and Gaus exposed the rickety foundations of the politics administration dichotomy and made a convincing brief that administrative theory had to share common ground with political theory.
This document discusses the evolution of public administration theories and practices. It covers the development of public administration and three main theories: Classical Public Administration Theory, New Public Management Theory, and Postmodern Public Administration Theory. It also describes six paradigms of traditional public administration models and how public administration has taken on new roles in modern society, including designing policy, implementing policy, and serving as an agent of change.
This document discusses the evolution of public administration theories and practices. It covers the development of public administration and three main theories: Classical Public Administration Theory, New Public Management Theory, and Postmodern Public Administration Theory. It also describes six paradigms of traditional public administration models and how public administration has taken on new roles in modern society, including designing policy, implementing policy, and serving as a change agent.
The document discusses evaluating the performance of bureaucracies. It argues that while efficiency is often seen as the main criterion, democracy is a more important standard. Bureaucracies should be evaluated based on whether their actions promote or hamper democracy. The federal bureaucracy in the U.S. is made more democratic through political appointees nominated by the President and approved or denied by Congress.
The document discusses different sociological perspectives on politics including functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. Functionalism sees society's parts working together to promote stability. Symbolic interactionism focuses on symbols of power and how meanings are produced through interactions between individuals and groups. Conflict theory views society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict, and focuses on social inequalities and power differences within groups.
This document summarizes Dwight Waldo's work on the "Administrative State" which challenged prevailing views of public administration in the 20th century. Waldo argued that the political-administration dichotomy proposed by Woodrow Wilson was false and that administration is at the core of modern democratic government. He believed democratic theory must address administration and administrative theory must address democratic politics. Waldo also argued that efficiency cannot remain the sole focus of public administration as it is a political claim that can undermine democratic values and participation.
The New Public Administration emerged in the 1960s as a response to the traditional, managerial approach of public administration. It focused on making public administration more responsive to social issues and promoting values like social equity, fairness, and participation. The Minnowbrook Conference of 1968 was influential in developing the principles of the New Public Administration, emphasizing public administration's role in facilitating social change and an active citizenry. The New Public Administration rejected the value-neutral stance and hierarchical structure of traditional public administration, instead prioritizing flexibility, relevance to contemporary problems, and a client-oriented approach.
In a 3 page essay, address the following· Provide a summary of .docxwilcockiris
In a 3 page essay, address the following:
· Provide a summary of the vignette's key points as related to the social movements it represents. Identify and describe the concepts from this module that can be applied to the vignette to describe human behavior (i.e., cultural framing).
· Identify and discuss the effects of the identified social movement on the individual described in the vignette.
· Provide a summary of service methods or options that could be used to support this person. You can use examples you have identified in your own community as well.
Here are some notes down below to help out
Three major perspectives on social movements have emerged out of this lively interest. I refer to these as the political opportunities perspective, the mobilizing structures perspective, and the cultural framing perspective. There is growing agreement among social movement scholars that none of these perspectives taken alone provides adequate tools for understanding social movements (Buechler, 2011; Edwards, 2014). Each perspective adds important dimensions to our understanding, however, and taken together they provide a relatively comprehensive theory of social movements. Social movement scholars recommend research that synthesizes concepts across the three perspectives. The recent social movement literature offers one of the best examples of contemporary attempts to integrate and synthesize multiple theoretical perspectives to give a more complete picture of social phenomena.
Political Opportunities Perspective
Many advocates have been concerned about the deteriorating economic situation of low-wage workers in the United States for some time. After Republicans regained control of Congress in 1994, advocates saw little hope for major increases in the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage was increased slightly, from $4.25 an hour to $5.15 an hour in 1996, with a Democratic president and a Republican Congress. However, under the circumstances, advocates of a living wage decided it was more feasible to engage in campaigns at the local rather than federal level to ensure a living wage for all workers. A shift occurred at the federal level when the Democrats regained control of Congress in November 2006. After being stalled at $5.15 for 10 years, the minimum wage received a three-step increase from Congress in May 2007, and Republican president George W. Bush signed the new wage bill into law. The law called for an increase of the federal minimum wage to $5.85 in the summer of 2007, to $6.55 in the summer of 2008, and to $7.25 in the summer of 2009 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2014). In early 2014, Democratic president Barack Obama recommended an increase in the federal minimum wage to $10.10, but this proposal was given little chance in a highly polarized Congress. In the meantime, state and local governments continue to consider the issue of fair wages. These observations are in line with the political opportunities (PO) perspective, whose main.
A Review Of The Study Of Administration By Woodrow WilsonLuz Martinez
Wilson published an 1887 essay on public administration as a science. He discusses the history of studying administration as distinct from politics, with administration being as old as government. Second, he defines the subject matter of public administration as the execution of public law through administration. Finally, he argues that developing public administration as a science requires technical education for officials and comparing administrative systems to determine best practices for democratic governments.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Philippine politics and governance. It begins by defining politics as the study of who gets what, when and how. Governance is defined as the process of decision-making and implementation. It then discusses major political ideologies like liberalism, socialism, conservatism, and communism, outlining their basic tenets. Power is examined by defining it as the ability to change the future, and by exploring its dimensions including issue, agenda, and manipulation.
This document discusses concepts related to urbanization, urbanism, and cities. Some key points:
- Urbanization is defined as the process of populations moving from rural to urban areas, causing cities and towns to grow. It is influenced by economic, political, and social advantages of urban living.
- Urbanism refers to the way of life in cities, and the social and cultural consequences of dense, heterogeneous urban populations. It involves more competition, specialization, and impersonal relationships than rural areas.
- New Urbanism is an urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods to encourage healthier, more sustainable living. It aims to build a sense of community while adopting ecological practices.
The document discusses different approaches to rural development:
1. Past anti-poverty efforts in the Philippines from the 1960s to 1990s by successive presidents met with little success, as described by one observer.
2. A theory of change approach helps identify effective solutions to address the underlying causes of problems hindering progress, considering the UN's comparative advantages.
3. Key principles for developing a theory of change include developing it consultatively to reflect stakeholders' understanding, grounding it in evidence, and supporting continuous learning.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective project proposal. It begins with definitions of key project terms like project, project life cycle, and goals. It then explains why project proposals are needed, such as to get approval, funding, and buy-in. The document outlines the main components of a strong project proposal, including an executive summary, background information, proposed solution, defined deliverables and goals, timeline, budget, and required resources. It emphasizes that a proposal should clearly communicate the problem being solved, proposed approach, anticipated impact, and convince the reader that the project merits time and funding.
The document discusses stakeholder analysis, which involves identifying and assessing the interests, concerns, and influence of individuals or groups impacted by a project. It outlines the types of stakeholders, including internal/external and primary/secondary. Key steps in conducting stakeholder analysis are identified as: 1) identifying stakeholders, 2) prioritizing stakeholders, 3) understanding stakeholder needs/expectations, 4) developing an engagement plan, and 5) monitoring and adapting. Methods for stakeholder analysis like the power-interest grid are presented, along with examples of common pitfalls to avoid and ways to improve stakeholder analysis.
The document summarizes several key development issues and concerns in the Philippines, including poverty, overpopulation, unemployment, corruption, limited healthcare access, security threats, and issues within the education system. It notes that poverty remains a challenge with over 20% of the population living below the poverty line. Overpopulation strains resources and is driven by lack of education, poverty, and unemployment. Unemployment and underemployment lead to issues like debt and income inequality. Corruption is also a major problem, with the Philippines perceived as one of the most corrupt countries. Access to quality healthcare is limited especially in rural areas. Security threats include criminality, drugs, and terrorism. Within education, there are issues of limited access, inadequate funding
Rural development aims to improve economic and social conditions in rural communities. It involves increasing agricultural production, developing infrastructure like roads and healthcare, and raising incomes. Rural development faces challenges like low incomes, lack of opportunities, and remoteness from urban centers. It requires a multi-pronged approach including agricultural growth, job creation, education, and improving living standards. International organizations increasingly prioritize rural development and poverty reduction through strategies like sustainable livelihood programs.
The document discusses work ethics and how managers can instill strong work ethics in employees. It defines work ethics and explains their importance. The bulk of the document outlines 10 ways for managers to develop work ethics among staff, such as leading by example, recognizing good work, and establishing clear expectations. It also addresses the role of employees in upholding work ethics and key qualities of good work ethics.
Training and development refers to educating employees within a company to increase productivity, improve quality, lessen employee turnover, and decrease costs and errors. There are several types of training including supervisor training, organizational development training, and interpersonal skills development training. The training and development process consists of five overlapping processes: needs assessment, motivation, design, delivery, and evaluation. Effective training design involves defining objectives, outlining content, developing activities, preparing materials, and determining evaluation and follow-up. Models like ADDIE provide a framework for the design and implementation of training programs.
Social development aims to improve well-being for all citizens. The document discusses social development in the Philippines under the Duterte Administration from 2017-2022. Key programs implemented included Pantawid Pamilya, universal healthcare, an anti-terrorism act, and infrastructure development. Literacy rates increased while issues remained in areas like housing, the environment, and financial literacy. The new Philippine Development Plan for 2023-2028 envisions healthy, educated citizens living in livable communities.
This document discusses prospects and challenges for urban and metropolitan administration and governance. It begins by defining urban and metropolitan areas and outlining the importance of effective administration and governance in promoting economic growth, social justice, and improved quality of life. It then discusses significant prospects for urban areas in economic growth and quality of life, as well as challenges like rapid urbanization, inequality, and climate change. The document also covers topics like public-private partnerships, smart cities, digital governance, integrated metropolitan planning, and sustainable urban development strategies.
Planning and Budgeting helps organizations set targets and generate budgets by enabling different departments to collaborate using shared assumptions and tools. Effective planning requires assessing an organization's past approaches and addressing cultural issues to support current processes. Budgeting involves preparing, legislating, executing, and ensuring accountability for budgets through classification of expenditures and an organized structure. The budgeting process allows organizations to review past performance, forecast revenues, assign costs, and communicate budgets clearly.
The document discusses the Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS), which links employee performance to organizational goals. The SPMS has four stages: performance planning, monitoring, review/evaluation, and rewarding/development. It focuses on aligning individual goals with the organization's mission, vision, and strategic goals. The SPMS process aims to concretize this linkage and ensure organizational and individual effectiveness. Key elements include goals aligned with agency priorities, an outputs/outcomes orientation, team-based performance management, and user-friendly forms showing goal alignment. Government issuances like AO 25 and a Joint Circular provide rules on performance-based incentives. Performance is measured based on quality, efficiency, and timeliness.
This document discusses topics related to personal effectiveness, job enrichment, motivation, compensation policy, career development, and management. It defines personal effectiveness as dealing with success, goals, and related concepts. Key personal effectiveness skills include optimism, confidence, determination, reflection, problem-solving, persistence, stress management, emotional intelligence, habit building, organization, and time management. Job enrichment aims to make jobs more motivating by expanding tasks and skills. Career development involves defining goals and acquiring skills through self-assessment, awareness, goal-setting, training, and performance, while career management is a lifelong process of investing in one's future career goals.
The document discusses key aspects of human resource management including job analysis, job design, job evaluation, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, placement and utilization. It defines each concept and explains their importance. For job analysis, it outlines the steps and benefits. It also describes different job evaluation and design methods used by organizations. The recruitment and selection process is summarized in five steps. Placement and utilization focus on properly matching employees to roles and maximizing their productivity.
This document discusses workplace stress, its causes and effects, and strategies for managing it. It notes that some stress can motivate employees but too much stress leads to negative outcomes. It identifies 10 signs of stress during change, including increased absenteeism, difficulty concentrating, and hostility. The WHO recommends preventing stress through risk identification, developing action plans, and evaluation. Effective HR strategies include encouraging collaboration, taking breaks, deep breathing, and maintaining a calm mindset. Prioritizing mental health provides tools for managing challenges.
Coaching and mentoring involve teaching new skills, improving performance in specific work areas, and building soft skills. They establish goals and empower individuals to take responsibility for their actions. Both provide benefits such as increased job satisfaction, engagement, and productivity. Coaching focuses on skills and performance, while mentoring emphasizes career development and guidance from someone with experience. Both build trust, share knowledge, and help people develop self-awareness and confidence.
VUCA stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. It describes constant, unpredictable change that is now the norm in certain industries. The US Army first used VUCA after 9/11 to describe the unfamiliar security environment. In 2009, an author adapted VUCA for business to reflect turbulent forces of change affecting organizations. To manage in a VUCA environment, leaders need new skills like anticipating and adapting to change, strategic thinking, and considering broader contexts. They must also embrace uncertainty, develop resilience, foster innovation, strengthen decision-making, build relationships, and focus on continuous learning.
This document discusses concepts related to social responsibility, ethics, and management. It provides examples of companies like Starbucks, Lego, and San Miguel Corporation that demonstrate social responsibility through practices like sustainable sourcing and environmental initiatives. It also outlines classical and socio-economic views of a business's social responsibilities and discusses the importance of managerial ethics. Globalization is defined and its impacts on different levels are explained, along with both benefits and criticisms of the process of globalization.
This document outlines an MPA course on organization and management. It covers three main topics: skills of self-confidence, operations and career management, and references. For skills of self-confidence, it defines types of self-confidence like optimal, low, and over confidence and lists skills to build self-confidence. For operations and career management, it discusses key aspects of operations management and importance of career management for both employees and companies. It also outlines eight career anchors that influence career choices. The document provides references used at the end.
This document discusses organizational design and change management. It defines organizational design as creating the best fit between an organization's strategic choices and setting. It also outlines several principles of organizational design like specialization, coordination, control and commitment, innovation and adaptation, and knowledge competence. The document also discusses factors that influence organizational design like environment, strategy, technology, size, life cycle, and culture. Additionally, it defines innovation, types of innovation like sustaining and disruptive, and the importance of innovation. Finally, it discusses change management, models of change management like Kotter's 8-step model, McKinsey 7S framework, and ADKAR model, and how each focuses on process or people.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Execution of Public law
1. By : Jesusa P. Ordoña
(Wilson. The Study of Administration, 1887)
2. In 1886, Woodrow Wilson, not yet president but a
leading intellectual in the progressive movement,
wrote a manifesto concerning the topic of the
administration of government entitled, The Study of
Administration. While not the first to discuss the
matter, Wilson’s intention appeared to be to make
public administration more applicable to the
administration of government as it is conducted in the
United States. Wilson discussed what other
governments in various stages of development have
done to overcome the hurdles of managing the physical
application of the laws imposed by their constitutions
and later by their respective lawmaking bodies
3. Wilson then defined what exactly
Administration was as it applied to the
United States Government and attempted to
determine the best method to develop and
clarify how administration may best be
undertaken and improved upon in the United
States and under its Constitution. Wilson
described public administration as,
“detailed and systematic execution of public
law. Every particular application of general
law is an act of administration” (Wilson,
1887).
4. An important concept that some contribute to
Wilson became known as the
politics/administration dichotomy.
“Civil service reformers tried to avoid the political
and ethical implications of a merit system of
personnel selection by drawing a sharp
distinction-indeed a dichotomy-between politics
and administration, assigning politics to elected
officials who make policy and administration to
civil servants who simply do the bidding of their
political masters” (Encyclopedia of Public
Administration and Public Policy, 2003).
5.
6. 4. Is different from significant ways from private
administration; and
5. Is closely associated with numerous private
groups and individuals in providing services to
the community
(Nigro and Nigro. Modern Public Administration. 1977. p. 18)
7.
8.
9. • The term bureaucracy is used synonymously
with the public administration system. It
provides the basic framework for an efficient
operation and management of organization. It
also plays a vital role in regulating and in
ordering of society in general (Stillman, 2010).
• Bureaucracy is closely associated with
governance mainly because it is through the
bureaucracy that governance is implemented.
10. In conclusion, The Study of
Administration is an important document in
the body of knowledge of public
administration. Wilson discussed what other
developing and developed governments have
done to overcome the hurdles of managing
the physical application of the laws imposed
by their constitutions and later by their
respective lawmaking bodies.
11. Wilson then defined what exactly
Administration was as it applied to the
United States Government and
attempted to determine the best method
to develop and clarify how administration
may best be undertaken and improved
upon in the United States and under its
Constitution. The essay has timeless
ramifications as evidenced by its
continuing relevance to the discussion
over 100 years later.
12. • It has established criteria that consist of a
ruled-based structure, hierarchy, function,
expertise of administrators and personnel,
efficiency and technical knowledge and
learning. This is the reason why there is a
need to ensure that a civil service based on
merit and fitness, competence, and relevant
qualifications required a public office is in
place.
13. References
The Politics/Administration Dichotomy and Bureaucratic
Leadership. (2003). In Encyclopedia of Public Administration and
Public Policy (Vol. 2, p. 704). New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Walker, Larry (1989). Woodrow Wilson, Progressive Reform, and
Public Administration. Political Science Quarterly, 104, Retrieved
May 16, 2009, from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=5053727
Wilson, W. (1887). The Study of Administration. In Public
Administration Concepts and Cases (Vol. n.a., pp. 6-15). Boston,
MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
https://benwhetstone.wordpress.com/2009/06/02/on-wilsons-
study-of-administration/
14. New Public Administration
The Winnowbrook Conference was the response
to world wars and social upheavals in the 20th
century and how traditional public administration
was not equipped to respond to societal needs. It
put a lot of emphasis on having values to public
administration instead of just bothered about
production and profit all the time and to make
policies for the underprivileged of the society.
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
15. NPA has a humanist approach to the traditional public
administration being practiced at that time. The themes
were:
•Relevance. Social realities must be taken into
consideration
•Values. Values being served through administration
actions must be transparent
•Social Equity. Realization of social equity should be the
chief goal of public administration
•Change. Skepticism towards the deeply rooted powers
invested in permanent institutions and the status quo.
•Client focus. Positive, proactive, and responsive
administrators rather than inaccessible and authoritarian
ivory tower bureaucrats.
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
16. Public Choice Approach
This approach is the use of modern economics tools to study
problems that traditionally are in the province of political
science. The “public” here refers to the administrators and
the choices they make while implementing and formulating
policies. From the perspective of political science, it is the
subset of positive political theory that models voters,
politicians, and bureaucrats as mainly self interested. In
particular, it studies such agents and their interactions in the
social system either as such or under alternative constitutional
rules and on what basis do they6 take decisions while
implementing policies. These can be represented in a number
of ways including standard constrained utility maximization,
game theory or decision theory.
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
17. Public Choice analysis has roots in positive analysis (“What
is” ) but it is often used for normative purposes (“what
ought to be”) to identify a problem or suggest how a
system could be improved by changes in constitutional
rules, the subject of constitutional economics.
Public choice Theory is related to social choice theory
which uses mathematical tools to study voting and voters.
Since voter behavior influences the behavior of public
officials public choice theory often uses social choice
theory,
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
18. Good Governance
Governance describe the process of decision making and the
process by which decisions are implemented ( or not
implemented) . The term governance can apply to
corporate, international, national, local governance or to the
interactions between other sectors of the society.
It looks to reform governance through a variety of ways like
comparative studies, democratization, transparency, etc.
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
19. New Public Management
It advocates the incorporation of more management
practices into public administration to reform it and make it
more efficient. It proposes reforms such as incentives for
administrators , deadlines and contracts outsourced and
more private and public partnership.
http://publicadministrationtheone.blogspot.com/2012/07/wilsons-view-of-public.html
20.
21. 3. The Philippines has still much to learn about
public administration and governance.
4. As the Philippines has a lot to learn about
public administration and governance, it has
also much to learn about its (own) indigenous
system of governance. Even to this day, the
Philippine government is continuously
dominated by officials and politicians who do
not understand the Filipino, much less prioritize
their needs.
22. The Filipino values of pakikisama,
pakikiramay, bayanihan, paggalang, hiya,
amor propio, utang na loob, delicadeza,
among others are still very much reflected in
the bureaucratic behaviour of politicians and
government officials. The negative
consequences are far more injurious to both
people and society, in that various forms of
graft and corruption, political dynasties, and
warlordism thrives in the country at the cost
of people’s welfare and development.
23. 5. Governance and bureaucratic reforms must
always be made to culture. For it is only in
reforming the culture that we are able to
achieve an effective and truly meaningful
change in our system.
24. Reference:
Maria Judy See-San Juan is the Executive Director of Partners for
Human Progress and Social Development. She is a
sociologist and a faculty member of the University of Santo
Tomas. She is currently completing her doctorate degree in
Public Administration at the UP National College of
Public Administration and Governance (UP- NCPAG).
Email: judysanjuan@ymail.com s