This document discusses the evolution of public administration theories and practices. It covers the development of public administration and three main theories: Classical Public Administration Theory, New Public Management Theory, and Postmodern Public Administration Theory. It also describes six paradigms of traditional public administration models and how public administration has taken on new roles in modern society, including designing policy, implementing policy, and serving as a change agent.

1. EVOLUTION OF
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES AND PRACTICES
Presented by:
JOHN PAUL TABLADELLO
RODNIE ADORIO

2. I. DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• What is administration development?
• Administrative development refers to the proliferation and
expansion of the bureaucratic organization as the main
instrument for. programme implementation. Bureaucracy
is an important instrument for implementation of policies.

3. A. ORGANIZATION MODELS IN
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
•1. Classical Public Administration Theory,
• 2. New Public Management Theory, and
• 3. Postmodern Public Administration Theory

4. How would you describe
the Classical Public Administration Theory?
• Classical Public Administration is often associated with
Woodrow Wilson and Max Weber.
• Woodrow Wilson who is known as “The Father of Public
Administration”, have written "The Study of Administration"
in 1887, in which he argued that a bureaucracy should be run like
a business.
• Wilson also promoted ideas like merit-based promotions, professionalization, and a non-political
system.
• Sympathy can lead to downfall in an administration which means that there should be pragmatism in
bureaucracy.

5. How would you describe
the New Public Management Theory?
• New Public Management is :
• a set of administrative practices, a consulting fad, and a body of theory
that interprets recent developments in public administration.
• part and parcel of the massive intrusion of free market values into public
space, which threatens to drive out political values altogether.
• the radical opposite of the notion of migrating political values into
"private" space in the interest of further democratizing society.

7. How would you describe
the Postmodern Public Administration Theory?
Post-modern public administration:
• is referring to the inner workings of nearly every government entity in existence.
• evolves out of the postmodern era.
• provides people with the tools to rebuild our infrastructures of symbolic and social
order.
• addresses big questions of what is right and wrong and tries to address the issue to find
antidotes for anomie and relativity.

9. B. THE TRADITIONAL MODEL OF
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
• Paradigms of Traditional Public Administration (TPA) are:
1. Paradigm 1: Politics/Administrative Dichotomy,
2. Principles of Administration,
3. Political Science (Public Administration as Political Science),
4. Management (Public Administration as Management), and
5. Public Administration as Public Administration.
6. Paradigm 6: Governance, 1990-present

10. How would you describe Paradigm 1:
Politics/Administrative Dichotomy
(1900-1926)?
• Formerly, US President Woodrow Wilson published the
book “The Study of Administration (1887)”. From this book
arose the dichotomy between politics and administration. He
inserted two activities of the state in there. Such as:-
• 1. Politics activities
• 2. Administration activities

11. What is the major assumption of the Politics
Administration Dichotomy paradigm?
• The major assumption of the Politics Administration Dichotomy
paradigm was the idea of separating politics and the
administration functions of government as a strategy for
promoting efficiency and effectiveness. This was the era of
generic administration model that promotes that administration
or management should have scientific principles that could work
whether in public or private setting.

12. What is the net result of
the Politics Administration Dichotomy paradigm?
1. to strengthen the notion of a distinct politics/administration
dichotomy by relating it to a corresponding value/fact
dichotomy.
2. everything that public administration scrutinized in the
executive branch was imbued with the colorings and legitimacy
of being somehow “factual” and “scientific,” while the study
of public policy making and related matters was left to the
political scientists

13. How would you describe Paradigm 2:
the principles of administration, 1927–1937?
• W. F. Willoughby published the book “Principles of Administration
(1927)”.
• the principles of administration paradigm was an advancement to
the management orientation through the elevation of public
administration, nay, administration/management to status of
science.

14. How would you describe Paradigm 2:
the principles of administration, 1927–1937?
• Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick
published the book “Papers on the Science of
Administration (1937)”. Here, it built in
the POSDCORB which is an ideal
principle of public administration. Such as:-
P = Planning, O = Organizing, S = Staffing,
D = Directing, CO = Cooperating,
R = Regulating, and B = Budgeting.

15. How would you describe Paradigm 3:
public administration as political science,
1950–1970?
• Paradigm three, which Henry (1975) describes as the
paradigm of public administration as political science
(1950–1970) saw the revolt of political scientists to
reclaim public administration. At the same period, there
were increasing effort for management theorists to also
claim the discipline.

16. How would you describe
Paradigm 4: public administration as
management, 1956–1970?
• The 4th paradigm refers to public administration as
management (1956–1970). It virtually coincides with the
3rd showing that it was not a win-win victory for political
science as some scholars consolidated the management
outlook of public administration.

17. How would you describe Paradigm 5:
public administration as public
administration, 1970-present (NPM)?
• At this stage, there was effort to reestablish
the discipline as an autonomous field of
study. While doing this however, the focus
which, was identified to be on the
hierarchical, bureaucracy was shifted to
markets and private sector organizations.

18. How would you describe Paradigm 6:
Governance, 1990-present?
• It is rather ironical to talk about a shift to governance
paradigm, whereas the very objective of government and
its public administration is governance. It is a term that is
usually used as a synonym to the word government or to
qualify its activity. The concept is not new but had
acquired new meaning and application from the late 1980s
and 1990s.

19. What is governance?
• It can be defined as the exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of their country’s citizens or
subjects, the complex process whereby some sectors of
the society wield power, and enact and promulgate
public policies which directly affect human and
institutional interactions, and economic and social
development (Tamayao, 2014).

20. C. AN ERA OF CHANGE: ROLE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION IN MODERN SOCIETY
TOWARDS A NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
• In the modern state, the role and scope of public
administration is ever expanding and all encompassing. We
are way past the laissez-fare state which was responsible for
maintaining law and order only. The modern state which expects
government to provide much more has seen the role of public
administration change dramatically, since those times.

21. What are the important changes
in public administration?
• The first important change was the industrial revolution which
resulted in the urbanization of the large cities of the world.
• Secondly, there was a change in the political philosophy from
minimalist state intervention (or laissez-fare) and individualism to
social welfare.
• Lastly, the increasing population of the world means tremendous
pressure on the available resources.

22. What are the three characteristics of
an efficient public administration?
• According to E N Gladden, there are three characteristics of an efficient public
administration:
• It needs to meet the functional aims for which it has been created
• It must be able to meet the long term needs which might arise due to change
in administrative techniques or the changes in social environment which are
more important and influential
• It needs to conform to a centralized plan but also accommodate the specific
and special demand of particular department units
•

23. What roles does public administration
play in modern society?
• To deal with the organization of government policies and program and the
behavior of the officials.
• To analyze public policies and implement the policy that will benefit the
people at large.
• People’s assessment on public services can provide valuable information to
improve the delivery of service.
• People have direct experience in public service in terms of efficiency,
adequacy, accessibility and reliability.

24. What roles does public administration
play in modern society?
• People can identify specific factors of service as problematic, and
able to articulate the feedback through either appropriate
government channels or the mass media.
• Through people, the government can have the opportunity to
investigate and resolve the problems, if they are real, or, if they
are not to take step to change public opinion if the perceptions
are based on misunderstanding.

25. What are the new roles of
public administration?
• Traditional Functions
• Expansion of machinery and main thrust
• Serving as a Change Agent in nation building
• Carrying out State Policy: Sec. 19 Article XII of the 1987 Constitution -
The State shall regulate or prohibit monopolies when the public
interest so requires. No combinations in restraint of trade or unfair
competition shall be allowed.

26. What is the Executive Leadership Role
of Public Administration?
• Role in the policy-formulation
• Implementation of policy
• Give effect to the policy in defining means
and ends of government action
• New needs = additional power = more functions
• Continuity in policy making essential for effective public administration

27. What is the Public Administration’s Role
in Designing Policy?
• Filling the gap in a given policy issue
• Involvement in policy making as a prerogative of politicians
• Dual responsibility of Public Administrators:
• As a city administrator
• As a government employee
•