The document provides an overview of bureaucracy, defining it as a large organization where specialized knowledge is organized in a hierarchy. It discusses the merits and disadvantages of bureaucratic structures, focusing on characteristics such as division of labor and formal rules, as well as the differences between the merit system and spoils system. The document also outlines the roles of bureaucrats, including executing laws, rulemaking, and adjudication, and highlights potential issues with bureaucratic policymaking.

1. The Bureaucracy Dr. Christopher S. Rice

2. What is a bureaucracy? Bureaucracy and bureaucrat are neutral terms, describe a type of organization and the people who work in it . Connotations – unlearn what you have learned…

3. Overall, what is your opinion about the performance of the federal bureaucracy? Bureaucrats are generally incompetent Bureaucrats are generally well-trained and capable Don’t know

6. Bureaucracy A large organization in which people with specialized knowledge are organized into a clearly defined hierarchy of bureaus and offices, each of which has a specified mission .

7. The Weberian Model of Bureaucracy

8. The five characteristics of bureaucracy: Division of labor Hierarchy Formal rules Maintenance of files and records Professionalization Merit vs. cronyism

9. The five characteristics of bureaucracy: Division of labor Hierarchy Formal rules Maintenance of files and records Professionalization Merit vs. cronyism

10. The five characteristics of bureaucracy: Division of labor Hierarchy Formal rules Maintenance of files and records Professionalization Merit vs. cronyism

11. The five characteristics of bureaucracy: Division of labor Hierarchy Formal rules Maintenance of files and records Professionalization Merit vs. cronyism

12. The five characteristics of bureaucracy: Division of labor Hierarchy Formal rules Maintenance of files and records Professionalization Merit vs. cronyism

13. The Merit System Spoils System dominated the 19 th and (most of the) 20 th century bureaucracy. “ It’s not what you know, but who you know…” Merit System: people hired & promoted on basis of qualifications & job performance, not political connections.

14. The Merit System Spoils System dominated the 19 th and (most of the) 20 th century bureaucracy. “ It’s not what you know, but who you know…” Merit System: people hired & promoted on basis of qualifications & job performance, not political connections.

15. The Merit System Spoils System dominated the 19 th and (most of the) 20 th century bureaucracy. “ It’s not what you know, but who you know…” Merit System: people hired & promoted on basis of qualifications & job performance, not political connections.

16. During Spring Break I… Consumed too much of my substance of choice. Hooked Up with a hottie. Got a tattoo. Choices 1, 2 & 3 – the Spring Break Trifecta! Went on a mission trip. Stayed home and watched bad T.V. Don’t Remember (probably a good thing).

17. Bureaucracy Public agencies that translate the intent of democratic institutions into action.

18. Advantages?

19. 2

20. Ability to organize large tasks

21. Concentration of specialized talent

22. Disadvantages?

23. Efficiency vs. Responsiveness

24. The process of deciding what the laws passed by Congress actually mean is known as: rulemaking. legislative interpretation. bureaucratic interpretation. bureaucratic discretion.

25. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Execution of laws Rule-Making (Regulation) Rulemaking – the process of deciding exactly what the laws passed by Congress mean. Rule – statement by a federal agency that interprets a law and prescribes the specific action an agency will take to implement that law.

26. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Execution of laws Rule-Making (Regulation) Rulemaking – the process of deciding exactly what the laws passed by Congress mean. Rule – statement by a federal agency that interprets a law and prescribes the specific action an agency will take to implement that law.

27. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Execution of laws Rule-Making (Regulation) Rulemaking – the process of deciding exactly what the laws passed by Congress mean. Rule – statement by a federal agency that interprets a law and prescribes the specific action an agency will take to implement that law.

28. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Rule-Making (cont’d.) Federal Administrative Procedures Act Certain minimum standards must be met when making rules. Interest group participation

29. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Rule-Making (cont’d.) Federal Administrative Procedures Act Certain minimum standards must be met when making rules. Interest group participation

30. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Rule-Making (cont’d.) Federal Administrative Procedures Act Certain minimum standards must be met when making rules. Interest group participation

31. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Adjudication – process designed to establish whether a rule has been violated. In making rules, bureaucracies act like legislatures; in judging them they act like courts. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Potential problems with bureaucrats as policymakers…

32. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Adjudication – process designed to establish whether a rule has been violated. In making rules, bureaucracies act like legislatures; in judging them they act like courts. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Potential problems with bureaucrats as policymakers…

33. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Adjudication – process designed to establish whether a rule has been violated. In making rules, bureaucracies act like legislatures; in judging them they act like courts. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Potential problems with bureaucrats as policymakers…

34. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Adjudication – process designed to establish whether a rule has been violated. In making rules, bureaucracies act like legislatures; in judging them they act like courts. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Potential problems with bureaucrats as policymakers…

35. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Bureaucratic Lobbying As the primary managers of policy, bureaucrats are in ideal positions to identify problems, limitations of existing laws, programs Can recommend changes to the president and congressional committees.

36. So what do bureaucrats do , exactly? Bureaucratic Lobbying As the primary managers of policy, bureaucrats are in ideal positions to identify problems, limitations of existing laws, programs Can recommend changes to the president and congressional committees.

38. Structure of the Executive Branch

39. Executive Office of the White House

41. Cabinet Departments

44. Bureaus and Agencies

45. Government Corporations

46. Agencies which are created to be outside the Cabinet and tend to have more narrowly defined missions are known as: self-regulating agencies. government corporations. bureaus. independent agencies.

47. Independent Executive Agencies

48. Independent Regulatory Commissions

50. The government should privatize more of the government’s activities. Yes No Somewhat No opinion

51. Bureaucracy and the Benchmarks of Representative Democracy Popular Sovereignty Political Equality Political Liberty