The document outlines the key concepts of evolution including: 1) Evolution is defined as the process of cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population, ranging from microevolution within species to macroevolution between species. 2) Evidence for evolution comes from fossils, selective breeding, and homologous structures. 3) Natural selection leads to evolution as populations tend to overproduce offspring, creating a struggle for survival where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass on those traits.

1. Evolution

2. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.1: Define Evolution—the process of
cumulative change in the heritable
characteristics of a population.
• Macroevolution – the change from one
species to another. i.e. – reptiles to birds
• Microevolution – the change from one
variation within a species to another. i.e. –
a Chihuahua and a Great Dane

3. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.2: Outline the evidence for
evolution provided by the fossil
record, selective breeding of
domesticated animals and
homologous structures.
• Homologous vs. Analogous
Structures

4. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.3: State that populations tend to
produce more offspring than the
environment can support.

5. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.4: Explain that the consequence of
the potential overproduction of
offspring is a struggle for survival.
• Populations tend to grow
exponentially, but population sizes
tend to remain constant.
• More offspring are produced than can
be supported, therefore there is a
struggle to survive, where some live
and some die.

6. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.5: State that the members of a
species show variation.

7. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.6: Explain how sexual
reproduction promotes variation in a
species.
• So…how does it? (review last unit)

8. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.7 Explain how natural selection
leads to evolution
• The Darwin–Wallace theory is
accepted by most as the origin of
ideas about evolution by means of
natural selection

9. 5.4 Evolution
• Since organism’s traits vary, some
organisms are more adapted to survival
than others.
• When there is a struggle to survive those
with favorable traits tend to survive long
enough to pass them on.
• Those that have less favorable traits die
before being able to pass the traits on.

10. 5.4 Evolution
• There is evidence that the traits of
populations change over time in relation to
changes in their environment.
• However, these recently observed changes
are relatively small.
• These observations do not prove that the
different species evolved from other
species. Evolution is simply a theory.
There are other theories as well.

11. 5.4 Evolution
Two useful terms for discussion:
• Micro-Evolution – changes within a
species due to natural selection in
response to environmental changes.
Observed. Scientific fact.
• Macro-Evolution – change from one
species to another species through
natural selection. Has not been
observed. Still remains a theory.

12. 5.4 Evolution
5.4.8: Explain two examples of
evolution in response to
environmental change; one must be
multiple antibiotic resistance in
bacteria.
-Assignment in Moodle