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Darwin's Microevolution & Macroevolution (no videos) - Chaidir Adam 2018
- 1. Microevolution & Macroevolution Darwin’s CHAIDIR ADAMACD217004 2018 Department of Biology Education Postgraduate Program Palangkaraya University
- 2. Introduction EVOLUTION change in theheritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.
- 3. ADAPTATION which can be observedboth in nature and in the laboratory SPECIATION, ORIGIN OF THE DIVISION OF THE TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY ABOVE THE SPECIES LEVEL, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX ORGANS which cannot be witnessed because it occurs over intervals that far exceed the human lifespan
- 4. Divergence and Extinctionin 1859 Extinction was a hot topic during Darwin’s formative years Many fossils had been found that were not identifiable as living organisms George Cuvier 1769-1832 Cuvier argued that these fossils represented organisms that were extinct 19th Century
- 5. Early hypothesis “these creatureslived on in the vast (at a time) unexplored regions of the globe”
- 6. Mammoth Mastodon When USPresident Thomas Jefferson dispatched Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the interior of North America He expexted them to find a living ….. Thomas Jefferson The 3rd President of the US Which he knew about from the fossils
- 7. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1744 –1829 Another alternative “these fossils, rather than being extinct, had evolved into comtemporary forms”
- 8. Charles Robert Darwin 1809– 1882 Extinction is a by-product of evolution Struggle for existence Some species acquire superior adaptations and exclude other species through competition Extinction reflects the existence of a tipping point in the ongoing struggle for existence
- 9. Struggle for existence Darwinargued that the struggle for existence was caused by interactions among organisms and was the dominant factor that shaped how organisms evolve. He considered the physical environment to be of minor importance in evolution The interactions that define the struggle for existence and shape how organisms evolve were diverse, including competition, predation, parasitism, disease and pollination
- 10. The strongest interactionswould be among closely related populations or species, because the organisms have the most similar requirements. Darwin’s principle of divergence predicts that the individuals, populations or species most likey to succeed in the struggle for existence are those that differ most from their close relatives in the way they achieve their needs for survival and reproduction Survival of the fittest
- 11. Darwin’s view ofthe link between microevolution and macroevolution Darwin illustrated the combined action of his principle of descent with modification, the principle of divergence, and extinction. This picture shows the link between microevolution and macroevolution
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- 20. The next year… SURVIVED REPRODUCED
- 21. This guy looks morecomfortable
- 23. “Evolution can occur veryrapidly when natural selection is strong” – Jonathan B. Losos
- 24. Losos’ experiment explains howmany different types of adaptation formed, but can’t explain speciation.
- 25. The color ofDewlap
- 26. Molecular analysis usingDNA sequence of each species of Anole Lizard
- 29. There is aproblem … Missing Link Higher ranks in the taxonomic hierarchy are often separated by gaps without evidence of a transition between them
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