This document outlines six types of evidence that support the theory of evolution: 1. Anatomical evidence such as homologous organs with the same pattern but different functions, analogous organs that evolved independently to serve the same purpose, and vestigial organs that are evolutionary remnants. 2. Fossil evidence showing that ancient species share similarities with modern species and intermediate forms that show evolutionary transitions between groups. 3. Embryonic evidence that embryos of different but related species resemble each other, indicating their shared evolutionary history. 4. Biogeographical evidence of how species are distributed geographically. 5. Molecular evidence from similarities in DNA and proteins. 6. Other unspecified evidence supporting evolution

1. EVIDENCE OF
EVOLUTION
LESSON #19

2. Evidence of evolution
1. Anatomical and morphological evidence
2. Fossil evidence
3. Embryonic evidence
4. Biogeographical evidence
5. Molecular evidence
6. Other evidence

3. Anatomical evidence: Homologous
organs
Organs with the same
structural pattern and
different function.
Divergent evolution or
Adaptive radiation
One same species spreads
accross a greater territory,
different groups occupy
different niches and are
exposed to different selection
pressures.

4. Anatomical evidence: Analogous organs
Organs which fulfill the same function although
they have a different evolutionary origin.
Convergent evolution: species with different
evolution histories evolve similar traits when
they are subject to the same selection
pressures.
Wings which allow them to fly.

5. Anatomical evidence: Vestigial organs
Evolutionary remains or organs which seem to disappear because they no longer have a
function.

7. Fossil evidence
They show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth.
Glyptodont vs. Armadillo
Phylogenetics: study of the evolution of related groups or organisms. When observing and comparing
species, we see greater complexity and diversity.
We find intermediate characteristics which later evolved into different groups

8. Archaeopteryx
Beak, wings, teeth and tail.
Intermediate organism between reptiles and
birds.

9. Embryonic evidence
Embryos from different species are similar,
which shows that there is a clear evolutionary
relationship between them.
The similarities between embryos are greater
and last for more time in groups of organisms
that are closely related to each other.

10. Biogeographical evidence
Source: evolution.berkeley.edu

11. Molecular Evidence