The document provides evidence for evolution from several sources: fossil records, comparative anatomy, biogeography, carbon dating and genetics. It discusses how comparative anatomy of skeletal structures between animals can show homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures, indicating connections to common ancestors. Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that depict evolutionary relationships and order of evolution between organisms, informed by fossils, anatomy, DNA, and geology. They illustrate the progression from a common ancestor to more recently evolved organisms and the traits associated with different branches in their development.

1. Unit 7:
Evidence
for Evolution

5. (1) Types of Evidence…
• Fossil Records
• Comparative Anatomy
• Biogeography
• Carbon dating and chemical composition
• Embryology
• DNA / Genetics

12.  WHALE VIDEO
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13.  FOSSIL VIDEO 

14. (2) Comparative Anatomy
• By looking at fossils scientists can:
– Identify species which are extinct.
– Understand how and when certain anatomical
features developed, and in which types of
environments.
• Scientists can look at the skeletal structure
of different types of animals and…
– Look at similarities in body part development,
position and structure.
– Look at differences and consider causes.

15. (3) Types of Body Structures
• Homologous Structures  Features in the body
part that are similar between different types of
animals, because they all evolved over time from
one common ancestor.
• Analogous Structures  Features in the body part
that are similar between different types of animals,
because they evolved in similar environments.
• Vestigial Structures  Features in the body part,
found between different animals, but no longer
have functions. (Proving a connection to a
common ancestor.)

19. (4) Phylogenetic Trees
• A diagram used to show the evolutionary
relationships between different organisms.
• Also Includes:
– The common ancestor.
– The order organisms evolved in.
• Based off of Evidence:
– Fossils + Comparative Anatomy
– DNA
– Geology

20. (5) Common Ancestor
• The organism by which all other organisms
evolved from.
• The most primitive ancestor for that type of
organism.

21. (6) Phylo Tree Parts
• Bottom / Base = Oldest Organism/s
• Top = Most recently evolved organisms
• Organisms after a trait:
– Evolved after that trait existed in populations.
– Contain those traits.
• Organisms before a trait:
– Evolved before that trait existed in populations.
– Do NOT contain those traits.

22. (7) Example
1
2 3 4 5 6
Multicellular
Gills
Lungs
Wings
Live Birth
LimbsFins
Eggs
On 4 On 2