This document discusses the structure of eukaryotic cells. It defines eukaryotic cells as having a membrane-bound nucleus and lists some of their key organelles like the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, and vacuoles. It describes the functions of these organelles like the nucleus containing genetic material, mitochondria generating energy, and vacuoles storing waste. The document provides a high-level overview of the anatomy of eukaryotic cells.

1. Structure of Eukaryotic cell
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. SYNOPSIS
 What is cell ?
 Type of cell
• Prokaryotic cell
• Eukaryotic cell
 Introduction
 History
 Definition
 Cell Structure
• Plasma membrane ,Ribosome ,Nucleus , Cytoskeleton , Cytoplasm ,
Mitochondria , Golgibody , Lysosome
Endoplasmic reticulum , Peroxisome , Chloroplast
Cell wall , Vacuole , Centriole , Centrosome
Microtubules , Microfilament , flagella and cilia
 Conclusion
 References

3. What is cell ?
 All living organisms on Earth are divided in pieces called cells.
 There are smaller pieces to cells that include proteins and
organelles.
 There are also larger pieces called tissues and systems.
fig : animal cell

4. TYPE OF CELL
Cell are two type:-
 Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Fig : prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

5. INTRODUCTION
 A cell is defined as eukaryotic if it has a membrane-bound nucleus.
 Any organism composed of eukaryotic cells is also considered a eukaryotic
organism.
 A living cell is a complex, multi-functional unit.
fig : eukaryotic cell

6. HISTORY
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by
Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theoder Schwann.

7. DEFINITION
 A cell is one that contains complex structures, such as a nucleus,
inside its membrane. They can be found in single-cell and multi-
cellular organisms.
fig : eukaryotic cell

8. CELL STRUCTURE
The cell is the structural unit of life.
They contain numerous internal structures.
some examples of eukaryotes:-
– Animals
– Plants
– Fungi (mushrooms,etc.)
– Protists (algae,plankton,etc.)

10. Plasma membrane
 In all type of cells weather plant, animal or naked a very
thin, semipermeable membrane is present around the
cells which are responsible for entry and exit of all types
of ions and molecules called as plasma membrane.
fig : plasma membrane

11. RIBOSOME
Ribosome’s are the components of cell that make
proteins from amino acid.
fig :eukaryotic cell
Fig: ribosome

12. Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle
found in eukaryotic cells, contains most of the cell's
genetic material.
fig : nucleus

13. CYTOSKELETON
The cytoskeleton is a cellular skeleton contained
within a cell's cytoplasm.
In 1903 Nikolai K Koltsov proposed that the shape of
cells was determined by a network of tubules which
he termed the cytoskeleton.
fig: cytoskeleton

14. MICROFILAMENT
Microfilament is also called actin filaments, because
they are built from molecules called actin.
 A microfilament is a twisted double chain of actin
subunits.
fig : microfilament

15. MICROYUBULES
A microtubule is a polymer of globular tubulin
subunits.
Microtubules are hollow, tubular structures, and they
occur in nearly every eukaryotic cell.
fig : microtubules

16. CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the interior of
the cell.
cytoplasm is mostly water, but contains a large
assortment of molecular and structural
components.

17. MITOCHONDRIA
 Mitochondria are self-replicating organelles that occur in various
numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.
 Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy in the
eukaryotic cell.
fig : mitochondria

18. GOLGI BODIES
Cell contains a number of Golgi bodies. "Golgi" is
the name of the person who first described these
structures.
fig : golgi body

19. LYSOSOME
Lysosome are cellular organelles that contain
acid hydrolase enzymes to break down waste
materials and cellular debris.
fig : lysosome

20. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is found in almost all animal
and plant cells.
 The endoplasmic reticulum concists of an interconnected
system of membrane-bound channels in the cytoplasm.
fig : endoplasmic reticulum

21. PEROXISOMES
Peroxisomes are simple, membrane-bound
vesicles with a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 m that may
contain a dense, crystalline core of oxidative
enzymes.
fig : peroxisomes

22. CHLOROPLAST
Many plant and algae cells contain small, green
organelles called chloroplasts.
fig : chloroplast

23. CELL WALL
 Many types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a
cell wall.
 plant cell walls are primarily made up of pectin, fungi
cell walls are made up of chitin and bacteria cell walls
are made up of peptidoglycan.
fig : cell wall

24. VACUOLES
 Vacuoles store food and waste.
 Most plant cells have a large membrane-bound sac called a
vacuole.
fig: plant cell

25. CENTRIOLE
 The centriole is a small, barrel-shaped tube composed of protein
located in the cytoplasm.
 The centriole's main function is to aid in cell division and in the
spatial arrangement of structures within the cell.
fig : centriole

26. CENTROSOME
Centrosome is the cytoskeleton organizer.
The centrosome produces the microtubules of a
cell.
fig : centrosome

27. FLAGELLA AND CILIA
Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based
projections of the plasma membrane that are
responsible for movement of a variety of
eukaryotic cells.

28. CONCLUSION
Organelles serve specific functions within
eukaryotes, such as energy production,
photosynthesis, and membrane construction.
Most are membrane-bound structures that are
the sites of specific types of biochemical
reactions.

29. REFERENCES
Gerald Karp – cell and molecular biology 6th
Edition
Geoffrey M. Cooper – The cell a molecular
aproach 4th Edition
www.shmoop.com
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/cell biology (10:00pm)
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/eukaryote (10:00pm)