Introduction And Classification Anatomy Of Flower Life Cycle Of Arabidopsis Early Flower Development Embryogenesis- A. Formation Of Microspores B. Formation Of Megaspores Embryonic Development Starts By Establishing A Root-shoot Axis And Then Halts Inside The Seed Arabidopsis Genome Is Rich In Developmental Control Genes. Control Of Carpel & Fruit Development Arabidopsis Thaliana A Model Plant Conclusion References

1. Seminar On
Development In Arabidopsis
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. SYNOPSIS
o Introduction And Classification
o Anatomy Of Flower
o Life Cycle Of Arabidopsis
o Early Flower Development
o Embryogenesis-
A. Formation Of Microspores
B. Formation Of Megaspores
 Embryonic Development Starts By Establishing A
Root-shoot Axis And Then Halts Inside The Seed
 Arabidopsis Genome Is Rich In Developmental Control
Genes.
 Control Of Carpel & Fruit Development
 Arabidopsis Thaliana A Model Plant
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 Arabidopsis is A small flowering
dicotyledonous plant & is A member of
Brassicaceae family.
 Its common name is mouse ear.
 Arabidopsis is popular as a model organism.
 These include:-
life cycle of 6 weeks
Stability of flowers to self pollinate
Relatively small size
Small genome size

4. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom:Plantae
Order:Brassicales
Family:Brassicaceae
Genus:Arabidopsis
Species:A.Thaliana

5. ANATOMY OF FLOWER
 The Flower Of Arabidopsis Is The Site Of
Sexual Reproduction.
 It Is A Modified Flower With Modified
Shoot.
 It Includes:-
 1)sepal
 2)petal
 3)stamen


6. Life cycle of
Arabidopsis
 Life Cycle Of Arabidopsis Have A Short
Generation Time, self Pollination.
 Its Life Cycle Is Of About 8weeks From
Seed To Seed Arabidopsis.
 Life Cycle Begins With Fertilization Of
Male And Female.

8. Early flower development
 The Early Development Of Flower Of
Arabidopsis Described From Ignition Until
The Opening Of Bud.
 The Development Of Flower Has Been Divided
Into 12 Stages.
 The Stages Are:-
 Stage 1:begins With The Initiation Of A
Floral Buttress Of The Apical Meristem.
 Stage 2: commences when the flower
primordial becomes separate from the
meristem.

9.  Stage 3:sepal Primordial Then
Arises And Grows To Overlap The
Primordial.
 Stage 4: Petal And Stamen Primordial
Appear Next.
 Stage 5:petal And Stamen Primordial
Are Soon Enclosed By The Sepals.
 Stage 6:petal Primordial Grows
Slowly, where As Stamen Primordial
Enlarge Rapidly.
 Stage 7:it Begins When The Medial
Stamens Becomes Stalked.

10. Stage 8:this Soon Develop Locules.
 Stage 9:commences With The Petal
Primordial Becoming Stalked.
 Stage 10:begins When The Petals Reach
The
Length Of The Lateral Stamens.
 Stage 11: Stigmatic Papillae Appears
Soon.
 Stage 12:the Petal Rapidly Reach The

11. Embryogenesis
 Embryogenesis is similar in all
angiosperms in terms of the
establishment of basic body plan.
 It begins with an asymmetrical cell
division giving rise to the terminal
cell and basal cell.
 A regular series of cell division is
then initiated within the embryo.

13. Formation of microspores
The process of microspores
from microspore mother cell is
known as microsporogenesis.
Each microspore undergoes
mitosis to produce a mature
pollen grain containing two
generative cells; each cells have
haploid nucleus.

14. Formation of megaspores
 The megaspores are produced from
megaspore mother cell by meiosis in pistils.
 Four cells are produced by meiosis.
 However 3 generate leaving 1 functional
megaspore.
 The haploid nucleus of functional megaspore
divides into two and gets arranged at each
poles.
 Each nucleus divides twice & 4 are formed at
each pole.

16. Embryonic development starts by
establishing a root-shoot Axis and
then halts inside the seed
 Fertilized Egg Or Zygote Of Higher Plant
Starts Dividing Asymmetrically To Establish
The Polarity Of The Future Embryo.
 During The Next Step In The Development
The Diploid Embryo Cell Proliferate.
 A The Same Time It Begins To Possible To
Distinguish The Future Epidermal Cells,
Ground Tissue Cells, Vascular Tissue Cells.
 Later In Development, The Rudiment Of The
Shoot Begins To Produce Cotyledons.

17. Development Usually Halts And
The Embryo Becomes Packaged
In A Seed Specialized For
Dispersal And For Survival In
Harsh Conditions .
The Embryo In A Seed Is
Stabilized By Dehydration .
When Rehydrated,the Seeds
Germinate And Embryonic
Development Resumes.

18. Arabidopsis genome is rich in
developmental control genes.
 Arabidopsis Has One Of The Smallest-
125million Nucleotide Pairs .
 It Contains Approximately 26,000
Genes .
 Cell Culture And Genetic
Transformation Have Been Established .
 The Arabidopsis Genome Is Rich In
Genes That Code For Gene Regulatory
Proteins .
 Arabidopsis Is Like Multicellular
Animals In Possessing Many Genes For

20. Control of carpel & fruit
development
 The fruit is highly specialized plant
organ that occur in diverse forms among
the angiosperms .
 Fruit of Arabidopsis thaliana , develop
from gynoecium's the consists of two
fused carpel’s.

22. Arabidopsis thaliana a model
plant
 Arabidopsis thaliana is small,
economically unimportant member
of the Brassicaceae family. This
little weed has been used for
classic genetic studies for over
four decades; its advantages for
genetic studies have been
extensively documented.
 The major advantages of A.tahliana

23.  Small size very large no. of plant can be
grown in relatively small chambers.
 Short generation time about 6 weeks.
 The genome of Arabidopsis is organized
into 5 chromosomes $ contains an
estimated 20,000 genes.
 Very little interspersed repetitive DNA
are on average 120,000 nucleotide pairs
in length.
 Natural self pollination.
 The small size of A. thaliana permits
one to grow large population in grown
chambers.

24.  The short generation time allows
one to collect eight-nine
generations of genetic data per
year. Thus greatly accelerating
process.
 The large seed yield per plant and
the natural self-pollination that
occur in Arabidopsis are very large
important for mutational dissection
studies.
 Self pollination is assured in
Arabidopsis because pollens

25. Conclusion
 Regulation of gene expression
refers to the cellular control of the
amount $ timings of changes to the
appearance of the product of a
gene.
 In differentiated cells in higher
eukaryotes only small proportion of
a gene are ever expressed.

26. References
Principles Of
Genetics:-Gardener
$ Simmons.
Www.Google.Com
Gene 8:-Benjamin