The document discusses the epidemiology of poliomyelitis (polio). It notes that polio mainly affects children under 5 and can cause paralysis or death in a small percentage of cases. Through global vaccination efforts, polio cases have declined over 99% since 1988. Currently only 4 countries remain endemic for polio. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis is a key strategy used by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to detect poliovirus transmission and target vaccination campaigns.
In this presentation you will find summary for poliomyelitis. what is polio ? what are the causes ? and what will be the prevention?
here you'll also find about the rehabilitation program for polio as well..
In this presentation you will find summary for poliomyelitis. what is polio ? what are the causes ? and what will be the prevention?
here you'll also find about the rehabilitation program for polio as well..
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
India is the highest TB burden country in the world & accounts for nearly 1/5th (20 per cent) of global burden of tuberculosis, 2/3rd of cases in SEAR. Every year approximately 1.8 million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8 million are new smear positive highly'- infectious cases.Annual risk of becoming infected with TB is 1.5 % and once infected there is 10 % life-time risk of developing TB disease
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
India is the highest TB burden country in the world & accounts for nearly 1/5th (20 per cent) of global burden of tuberculosis, 2/3rd of cases in SEAR. Every year approximately 1.8 million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8 million are new smear positive highly'- infectious cases.Annual risk of becoming infected with TB is 1.5 % and once infected there is 10 % life-time risk of developing TB disease
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Poliovirus is a picornaviridae. it has 3 wildtypes, Wildtype 2 has been eradicated from the world. All countries have been declared polio free except Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria. Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been discussed.
Polio viruses and polio immunisation ppt by Dr Prince C PDR.PRINCE C P
The causative agent of poliomyelitis (commonly known as polio), is a human Enterovirus and member of the family of Picornaviridae.
Poliovirus was first isolated in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper.
Poliovirus is one of the most well-characterized viruses, and has become a useful model system for understanding the biology of RNA viruses.
A breakthrough came in 1948 when the virus was successfully cultivated in human tissue in the laboratory by John Enders.
Enders, Weller and Robins, passaged the same strain in non neuronal cell culture.
Vaccines against poliomyelitis: the formalin-inactivated vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk(1953) and the live-attenuated vaccines (OPV) by Albert Sabin (1956)
Past and future of eradication and elimination of different diseases. How to plan for elimination and eradication. What are the diseases can be eliminated? OPV to IPV shift!
Polio is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some part of the body.
Pulse Polio Programme was launched in 1995 after a resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was adopted by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
نظرية التطور عند المسلمين (بروفيسور محمد علي البار
ويقدم فيها سردا تاريخيا لنظريات نشأة الخلق وخلق آدم وكيف ان نظرية التطور هي نظرية علمية وليس دينية لكن تم استغلالها لمحاربة الكنيسة
Ethical considerations in research during armed conflicts.pptxDr Ghaiath Hussein
My talk @AUBMC Salim El-Hoss Bioethics Webinar Series. In this webinar, we have discussed the following points:
1- How armed conflicts affect the planning and conduct of research?
2- What is ethically unique about research during armed conflicts?
3- How did my doctoral project approach these ethical issues both at the normative and the empirical levels?
4- What are the lessons learned from the conflicts in the middle east (Sudan, Syria, Yemen, etc.) and how do they differ from the situation in Ukraine?
Acknowledgement: This talk is based on my doctoral thesis (http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/8580/), which was fully funded by Wellcome Trust, UK.
Research or Not Research? This Is Not the Question for Public Health Emergencies
November 17, 2021 @ 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm EST
Speaker:
Ghaiath Hussein, Assistant Professor, Medical Ethics and Law, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
About this Seminar:
Public health emergencies, whether natural or man-made, local or global, in peacetime or during armed conflicts are always associated with the need to collect data (and sometimes biological samples) about and from those affected by these emergencies. One of the central questions in the relevant literature is whether the activities that involve the collection of data and/or biological samples are considered ‘research’, with the subsequent endeavour to define what ‘research’ is and whether they should be submitted for ethical approval or not. In this seminar, I will argue that this is not the central question when it comes to research/public health/humanitarian ethics. Using the findings of a systematic review on the research conducted in Darfur and findings from a qualitative project that aimed at defining what constitutes ‘research’ in public health emergencies I will, alternatively, present what I refer to as the ‘ethical characterization’ of these research-like activities and how they can be ethically guided.
13. The virion consists of a single strand of RNA containing genetic information and a protein coat. Humans are its only natural host. - The poliovirus is a member of a larger family known as Picornaviruses, which also includes rhinoviruses (such as influenza) and the hepatitis A virus. - Polio belongs to the enterovirus subgroup, made up of over 70 viruses that infect the intestines. - It is one of the smallest RNA viruses, measuring around 25 nm in diameter. AGENT: POLIO VIRUS
14. Group: Group IV ( (+)ssRNA ) Family: Picornaviridae Genus: Enterovirus Species: Poliovirus
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16. Left: Picture of poliovirus. The poliovirus is extremely small, about 50 nm (nanometer = one-billionth of a meter) Courtesy of David Belnap and James Hogle Right: Cross-section of the poliovirus showing the RNA, capsid, and nerve cell receptors Illustration courtesy of Link Studio
22. Before a WHO region can be certified polio-free, three conditions must be satisfied: ( A) at least three years of zero polio cases due to wild poliovirus ( B) excellent certification standard surveillance ( c) each country must illustrate the capacity to detect, report and respond to “imported” polio cases. Laboratory stocks must be contained and safe management of the wild virus in inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) manufacturing sites must be assured before the world can be certified polio-free.
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24. Case Definition: In the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI), acute flaccid paralysis is defined as: Any case of AFP in a child aged <15 years, or any case of paralytic illness in a person of any age when polio is suspected. Acute: rapid progression of paralysis from onset to maximum paralysis Flaccid: loss of muscle tone, “floppy” – as opposed to spastic or rigid Paralysis: weakness, loss of voluntary movement Any case meeting this definition undergoes a thorough investigation to determine if the paralysis is caused by polio.
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26. Components of AFP surveillance 1.The AFP surveillance network and case notification 2.Case and laboratory investigation 3.Outbreak response and active case search in the community 4.60-day follow-up, cross-notification and tracking of cases 5.Data management and case classification 6.Virologic case classification scheme 7. Surveillance performance indicators